Fluid Inclusions and Hydrogen,Oxygen, Sulfur Isotopes of Nuri Cu‐W‐Mo Deposit in the Southern Gangdese,Tibet

The Nuri Cu‐W‐Mo deposit is located in the southern subzone of the Cenozoic Gangdese Cu‐Mo metallogenic belt. The intrusive rocks exposed in the Nuri ore district consist of quartz diorite, granodiorite, monzogranite, granite porphyry, quartz diorite porphyrite and granodiorite porphyry, all of which intrude in the Cretaceous strata of the Bima Group. Owing to the intense metasomatism and hydrothermal alteration, carbonate rocks of the Bima Group form stratiform skarn and hornfels. The mineralization at the Nuri deposit is dominated by skarn, quartz vein and porphyry type. Ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, molybdenite, scheelite, bornite and tetrahedrite, etc. The oxidized orebodies contain malachite and covellite on the surface. The mineralization of the Nuri deposit is divided into skarn stage, retrograde stage, oxide stage, quartz‐polymetallic sulfide stage and quartz‐carbonate stage. Detailed petrographic observation on the fluid inclusions in garnet, scheelite and quartz from the different stages shows that there are four types of primary fluid inclusions: two‐phase aqueous inclusions, daughter mineral‐bearing multiphase inclusions, CO₂‐rich inclusions and single‐phase inclusions. The homogenization temperature of the fluid inclusions are 280°C–386°C (skarn stage), 200°C–340°C (oxide stage), 140°C–375°C (quartz‐polymetallic sulfide stage) and 160°C–280°C (quartz‐carbonate stage), showing a temperature decreasing trend from the skarn stage to the quartz‐carbonate stage. The salinity of the corresponding stages are 2.9%–49.7 wt% (NaCl) equiv., 2.1%–7.2 wt% (NaCl) equiv._, 2.6%–55.8 wt% (NaCl) equiv. and 1.2%–15.3 wt% (NaCl) equiv., respectively. The analyses of CO₂‐rich inclusions suggest that the ore‐forming pressures are 22.1 M Pa–50.4 M Pa, corresponding to the depth of 0.9 km–2.2 km. The Laser Raman spectrum of the inclusions shows the fluid compositions are dominated in H₂O, with some CO₂ and very little CH₄, N₂, etc. δD values of garnet are between ?114.4‰ and ?108.7‰ and δ¹⁸O_H2O between 5.9‰ and 6.7‰; δD of scheelite range from ?103.2‰ to ?101.29‰ and δ¹⁸O_H2O values between 2.17‰ and 4.09‰; δD of quartz between ?110.2‰ and ?92.5‰ and δ¹⁸O_H2O between ?3.5‰ and 4.3‰. The results indicate that the fluid came from a deep magmatic hydrothermal system, and the proportion of meteoric water increased during the migration of original fluid. The δ³⁴S values of sulfides, concentrated in a rage between ?0.32‰ to 2.5‰, show that the sulfur has a homogeneous source with characteristics of magmatic sulfur. The characters of fluid inclusions, combined with hydrogen‐oxygen and sulfur isotopes data, show that the ore‐forming fluids of the Nuri deposit formed by a relatively high temperature, high salinity fluid originated from magma, which mixed with low temperature, low salinity meteoric water during the evolution. The fluid flow through wall carbonate rocks resulted in the formation of layered skarn and generated CO₂ or other gases. During the reaction, the ore‐forming fluid boiled and produced fractures when the pressure exceeded the overburden pressure. Themeteoric water mixed with the ore‐forming fluid along the fractures. The boiling changed the pressure and temperature, oxygen fugacity, physical and chemical conditions of the whole mineralization system. The escape of CO₂ from the fluid by boiling resulted in scheelite precipitation. The fluid mixing and boiling reduced the solubility of metal sulfides and led the precipitation of chalcopyrite, molybdenite, pyrite and other sulfide.     

陕南铜厂铜矿床成矿物质来源探讨

陕南铜厂铜矿床是"勉—略—宁"矿集区内最具代表性的铜矿床,通过黄铜矿等单矿物及矿区地质体的微量与稀土元素地球化学对比研究发现:1)黄铜矿以富Ni、Zn和贫Co为特征,与晚元古代郭家沟组细碧岩类似,较闪长岩和钠长岩不同;矿床中存在轻稀土富集和稀土配分模式相对平坦两类黄铜矿,岩体内外接触带黄铁矿Co/Ni值差异表明其成矿物质具多源性;由矿区各地质体成矿元素背景可见,矿床成矿物质来源应以细碧岩为主、闪长岩为辅。2)黄铜矿Eu负异常明显,其δEu值明显低于闪长岩和细碧岩,这与成矿过程中富挥发分流体所形成云英岩化、钠长石化造成的Eu亏损有关,且黄铜矿Y/Ho值与钠长岩较为相似,暗示铜矿化与钠质交代作用关系密切。3)黄铜矿Co、Ni含量一般大于黄铁矿几倍到几十倍,与矽卡岩、斑岩、火山-次火山热液及火山-喷气型铜矿中黄铜矿差异明显,而与铜镍硫化物型矿床中黄铜矿类似,这可能与成矿作用继承了富Ni源区有关。该矿床成矿模式为:海西期,伴随着勉略洋盆闭合俯冲-碰撞形成勉略宁地区韧-脆性逆冲推覆构造、走滑断层,在区域变质流体与天水混合形成富碱和CO2的混合热液作用下,使地层——细碧岩和部分闪长岩中Cu等成矿物质大量析出,形成低温、低盐度成矿热液,沿矿区发育EW向与NE向两组韧性走滑断裂充填沉淀成矿。     

川西北地区微细粒浸染型金矿成矿的区域地质、地球物理、地球化学特征

总结了川西北金三角地区的区域地质和矿床地质特征，研究了区域重力场和金矿发育的关系，详细论述了本区金矿发育的区域地球化学背景、区化异常特征及东北寨金矿的地球化学特征。从地球化学方面进行了成矿预测，指明本区尚有较好的找矿前景，应进一步加强工作。     

山东省齐河—禹城富铁矿勘查区工作进展及对策

近年来,在山东省齐河—禹城地区矽卡岩型铁矿勘查工作取得了重大突破,该勘查区内相继发现了李屯、大张和潘店矽卡岩型铁矿床,同时科研工作也取得了较大进展。本文在全面收集和综合分析区内矿产勘查和科研成果的基础上,对该区以往勘查经验和研究现状进行总结,分析该区勘查研究过程中主要制约因素和亟待解决的关键问题。通过对制约因素和关键问题开展对策研究,为今后该区铁矿勘查工作提供借鉴。通过分析表明该区矽卡岩型铁矿的成矿地质体（即燕山晚期中基性侵入岩）应属于沂南序列。勘查区内深部地质体三维空间特征精细刻画、深部地质体控矿构造研究、物探数据深度解译、矿产勘查空间拓展、铁矿成矿规律和矿体赋存规律深入研究等多个方面将是下一步勘查研究工作的重点,加强对上述方面的研究有助于促进区内铁矿勘查工作顺利开展。在加强对物探异常西半环已发现矿体的勘查和类似异常的查证工作的同时,对物探异常东半环加强勘查研究工作对于拓展整个齐河—禹城地区矽卡岩型铁矿的勘查空间具有十分重要的意义。     

宁芜盆地凹山铁矿床辉长闪长玢岩和花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

宁芜盆地是长江中下游多金属成矿带的重要矿集区之一,是玢岩型铁矿成矿模式建模的基地.玢岩型铁矿床成矿时代的约束对区域成岩成矿作用及成矿动力学背景研究具有重要的意义.凹山铁矿床是宁芜盆地玢岩型铁矿床的典型代表之一,本文选择矿区发育的两种与成矿作用关系密切的岩浆岩为研究对象,进行锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研...     

长江中下游庐江-枞阳矿集区龙桥铁矿成矿时代研究

龙桥铁矿床是长江中下游地区隐伏的富铁矿床,位于庐江-枞阳火山岩矿集区的北缘,铁矿体主要赋存于下白垩统龙门院组火山岩之下和石英正长岩、二长岩之上的泥质粉砂岩和碳酸盐之中;本文分别采集了龙桥铁矿床井下370中段与黄铁矿矿体、方解石共生的黑云母样品(Lz370-1)和矿体围岩蚀变粗安岩中的黑云母样品(Lz370-2),进行A...     

南岭东段钨锡多金属矿床地质特征、成矿模式及找矿方向

南岭东段地区是世界著名的钨多金属矿集区。近年来中国地质调查局在该区实施钨多金属矿调查评价,找到了一批具有中大型远景的与花岗岩有关的新类型钨锡多金属矿床,特别是在复式岩体中的花岗岩型新类型钨钼多金属矿床（简称＂体中体＂式钨钼多金属矿床）和受中、上泥盆统地层控制的层控矽卡岩型钨锡多金属矿床的发现,不仅实现了南岭东段地区找矿新突破,而且对整个南岭乃至我国华南地区钨锡多金属矿找矿具有重要指导作用。本文根据近年来南岭东段地区钨锡多金属矿找矿新成果,通过该区钨锡多金属矿床地质特征的总结,建立了南岭东段地区钨锡多金属矿成矿模式,提出了南岭东段地区今后钨锡多金属矿找矿方向应重点注意与燕山期复式花岗岩有关的＂体中体＂式钨钼多金属矿床和中、上泥盆统控制的层控矽卡岩型钨锡多金属矿床的寻找。     

河南遂平石寨铺铁矿区地球物理特征及找矿远景

遂平石寨铺铁矿区位于河南省隧平县境内,属于沉积变质型铁矿,含铁层位是太古界太华岩群。依据地球物理特征及物探高精度磁法工作结果,与舞阳铁矿成矿条件对比,预测西北部找矿远景较好。     

Patterns of rare earth and other trace elements in different size fractions of clays of Campanian–Maastrichtian deposits from the Portuguese western margin (Aveiro and Taveiro Formations)

The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) Taveiro and Aveiro Formations belong to the northern sector of the Lusitanian basin (Portuguese western margin). The Taveiro Formation was deposited in alluvial fans, including mud flow beds, lakes and sinuous rivers. The Aveiro Formation was deposited in a flat region with low hydrodynamics channels, with the formation of a barrier island-tidal system. The reconstruction of this sedimentary basin may be difficult due to its complex architecture. This work aims a methodology to be used in the reconstruction of Cretaceous sedimentary environments of the Lusitanian basin, through the establishment of geochemical patterns of different size fractions of those deposits. Chemical analysis was performed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and the mineralogical composition obtained by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The whole rock and different size fractions (? ≥ 125 μm, 63–125 μm, 20–63 μm, 2–20 μm and ? < 2 μm) of selected samples were studied aiming the rare earth elements (REE) and other trace elements distribution and its correlation with the grain size and mineralogy.The results obtained for the studied Cretaceous sediments showed that REE patterns and other trace elements distribution in the different size fractions may be used as a tool to differentiate deposits within and between sedimentary formations. Within the Taveiro Formation, REE are concentrated in the silt fractions (20–63 μm and 2–20 μm) of the Reveles deposit, and in the clay size fraction of S. Pedro deposit, which is richer in kaolinite. The 1st transition elements, particularly Zn, are correlated with the presence of smectite in the clay fraction of Reveles deposit. In the sand and silt size fractions (>2 μm) of samples from Taveiro Formation correlations were found between: Ga and 1st transition elements, and phyllosilicates; Cs and mica; and Rb and Ba, and K–feldspars.The Bustos deposit (Aveiro Formation) samples are very fine-grained and with a high proportion of the fine silt fraction where REE are concentrated, especially the heavy ones. Incorporation of MREE, Co and U in carbonates of the coarser fraction appears to occur. The abundances of the 1st transition elements, Ga and As, are correlated with phyllosilicates.Significant differences were found in the trace elements patterns of the various analysed size fractions of the Lusitanian basin of Cretaceous sediments, between and even within formations, which can be used as a methodological approach for a fine paleogeographic reconstruction.     

纳米铁还原脱氮动力学及其影响因素

饮用水中硝酸盐(NO3-)对人体健康有危害。为了去除水溶液中NO3-,在实验室制得纳米铁颗粒。它的粒径为20～40 nm,比表面积(BET)为49.16 m2/g。本研究通过批实验考察了纳米铁对NO3-还原脱氮动力学性质和影响NO3-脱氮快慢的主要因素,如反应pH、纳米铁投加量和NO3-起始浓度。实验结果表明,pH越低越有利于NO 3-还原。在一定范围内,NO 3-还原速率随纳米铁投加量增加而增大,而随NO 3-起始浓度升高而降低,反应遵循准一级反应动力学方程,表面吸附和氧化还原反应是纳米铁对NO3-脱氮的主要去除机理。纳米铁对NO3-还原过程中可能反应的途径进行了讨论,NO3-还原产物取决于反应条件。在本研究条件下,纳米铁对NO3-脱氮的最终产物主要为NH4+-N而不是N2,必须进行更多的研究来解决这一问题。