湖南黄沙坪钨钼多金属矿床矽卡岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

湖南黄沙坪钨钼多金属矿床位于中国南岭成矿带中段,是一个以矽卡岩型为主的多金属矿床。对矿床内矽卡岩、围岩(灰岩、大理岩)和与矽卡岩形成相关的花岗斑岩岩体进行地球化学分析表明:在主量元素方面,Fe、Al、Mg、Si等元素在花岗斑岩与矽卡岩中发生了迁入迁出,矽卡岩SiO2含量与MgO、MnO、CaO、Fe2O3+FeO含量呈线性递减的关系;在稀土元素方面,矽卡岩具有明显的LREE富集,HREE亏损,发育有明显的Eu负异常。花岗斑岩具有与矽卡岩相同的REE配分模式,其成岩年龄也与矽卡岩型辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素年龄(158.4±1.3 Ma)相一致,说明两者在成因上具有一定联系。同时根据矿床内矽卡岩几乎不发育Ce异常,说明形成矽卡岩的流体中没有海水的混合。结合矿床内不同岩石的地球化学特征,强烈的轻、重稀土分异,明显的Eu负异常,推测黄沙坪地区矽卡岩是由岩浆热液流体的接触交代作用形成的。     

青海同仁双朋西金铜矿矿床地质特征及矿床成因

在翔实的野外工作基础上,对青海省同仁县双朋西金铜矿床矿石与围岩的微量元素、稀土元素、流体包裹体和同位素地球化学特征展开了系统研究。研究结果表明,金矿石和花岗闪长岩的稀土元素配分模式具有相似性,均为轻稀土元素富集型,具负铕异常,基本上无铈异常,暗示它们之间存在成因联系;成矿流体为中高温、低盐度、中等密度、中等压力流体,且以含碳质为特征;铅、硫同位素结果均反映出成矿物质主要来源于深源。据此认为区内矿化是与中高温岩浆热液作用有关的矽卡岩型金铜矿化,属于印支-燕山期同一构造-岩浆作用的产物。     

西藏亚贵拉矿区两期岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 定年及地质意义

亚贵拉Pb-Zn-Ag矿床是冈底斯北侧Pb-Zn多金属成矿带内的一个大型矿床。钻孔编录发现,亚贵拉矿区内棕红色花岗斑岩和灰白色石英斑岩均被大量的含硫化物石英脉穿切。同时,与这两套斑岩直接接触的灰岩地层内同样伴有强烈的硫化物矿化和矽卡岩化。本文采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年技术,对矿区含矿棕红色花岗斑岩和灰白色石英斑岩分别进行了年代学研究,得到两者锆石的加权平均年龄分别为132.1±1 Ma和62.4±0.6 Ma。在钻孔编录过程中未发现典型沉积喷流成因的矿体,而绝大部分矿体以含有大量矽卡岩矿物为特征,表明亚贵拉Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿床应主要受岩浆热液控制。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,该矿区首先经历了早白垩世与棕红色花岗斑岩有关的岩浆事件,然后于古新世又受到了与灰白色石英斑岩有关的含矿热液富集沉淀。结合已有研究资料分析可知,冈底斯北带的成矿作用从白垩纪一直持续到中新世,且均以Pb-Zn-Ag等贱金属矿化为特征,显示冈底斯北带古老基底对矿化金属类型的强烈控制。     

牛苦头矿区隐伏矿床预测方法及其勘查成果

牛苦头隐伏大型铁多金属矿床的成因属于矽卡岩矿床。矿区出露地层为上石炭统四角羊沟组碳酸盐岩,岩浆岩为隐伏于矿区深部的印支期二长花岗岩,铁多金属矿体主要产于两者外接触带附近。矿区的勘查工作始于1969年,但主要工作一直针对近地表规模较小的零星铁多金属矿体开展,对矿区总体地质特征缺乏系统的认识,以致以往的勘查找矿工作始终进展不大。直到2006年,通过综合分析矿区内地质矿产和地球物理特征,根据矽卡岩型矿床成矿理论,以地球物理异常圈定等方法成功地进行了隐伏矿床预测,进而取得重大找矿突破。     

Detrital anisotropic grandite garnet as an indicator of denudation level of Permian volcanic arc in the provenance of the South Kitakami Belt,Northeast Japan

In this study, the chemical and optical features of detrital garnets from the Middle Permian to Upper Triassic sandstones in the South Kitakami Belt, Northeast Japan, were examined to reveal the tectonic movement in the provenance. The sandstones contain a large amount of detrital grandite garnet grains with a wide range of andradite content. Among them, some grandite garnet grains show optically anisotropic features and rarely oscillatory zoning and sector twinning. The proportion of the detrital anisotropic grandite garnet increases from the Permian to the Middle Triassic and decreases in the Late Triassic. Such grandite garnets with various andradite contents occur in skarn deposits. Isotropic grandite garnets in the early stage of skarn evolution are distributed widely around a pluton, which affects the thermal metamorphism of the surrounding strata. However, anisotropic grandite garnets are formed along veinlets and fractures in the middle to late hydrothermal stage as the pluton cools, and their distribution is limited to a narrower area near the pluton compared to the metamorphic aureoles formed in the early stage. Changes in the chemical and optical features of the detrital garnets indicate a progressive denudation of the plutonic body accompanying skarn deposits in the provenance. The proportion of detrital anisotropic grandite garnet grains among all of the detrital grandite garnet is considered to be a sensitive indicator of the denudation level in a deeper part of the volcanic arc in association with skarn deposits, together with traditional sandstone composition datasets. This newly proposed method should be useful for clarifying the paleogeography during the Permian to Triassic in the East Asian continental margin, associated with uplift and denudation of the Permian volcanic arc, which seems to have been induced by the collision of the North China and South China Blocks.     

安庆夕卡岩型铁铜矿床流体包裹体研究

对安庆夕卡岩型铁铜矿床中各成矿阶段的夕卡岩矿物、石英和方解石中流体包裹体的岩相学、显微测温及显微激光拉曼光谱分析等的研究结果表明,成矿流体可能为源自深部的岩浆热液,具高温、高盐度和富CF4等还原性挥发分的特征.流体包裹体的均一温度和盐度在夕卡岩期表现为高温(400～570℃)和高盐度(40%～46%NaCl)特征,代表了夕卡岩形成及铁矿化时的流体活动情况;在石英硫化物期表现出中低温(124～396℃),盐度变化较大(6%～38%NaCl)的特征,代表了铜矿化时的流体活动情况.从成矿早期到晚期,流体包裹体的均一温度和盐度都不断降低,且在铜的主成矿阶段曾发生过流体沸腾作用和混合作用.岩浆水在流体成矿过程中占主导地位.     

不整合面控制内生金属成矿的新实例:山东沂南金铜铁矿床

山东沂南矽卡岩—热液型金铜铁矿床产于燕山期中酸性杂岩体的接触带及其外侧围岩中。近年来,在太古宇与新元古界之间不整合面及其上覆的新元古界地层中新发现了两层矿体,同时在不整合面以下局部地段的太古宇花岗片麻岩中也见有金铜矿化。受控于不整合面的矿体多呈层状、似层状,埋藏深度大(一般介于430~650 m),产状平缓,侧向延伸连续且稳定。作为一种容易失稳的构造薄弱带,不整合面及其上下机械性质不同的岩层之间极易产生层间破碎、滑脱,导致岩浆及其所分泌的含矿气水热液顺层贯入,并通过交代—充填作用成矿。同时,不整合面又是一个地球化学性质的转换带或地球化学屏障,盖层(含砾砂岩、砂岩、页岩夹泥灰岩)与基底岩石(花岗片麻岩、斜长角闪岩)化学成分和性质的显著差异,也是控制不整合面成矿的重要因素之一。不整合面以下太古宇花岗片麻岩中细脉浸染状金铜矿化,则可能与沿不整合面的拆离断裂活动引发的基底张性裂隙有关。该矿床中不整合面附近矿体的发现,对矿山深部、外围乃至整个鲁西地区的成矿规律研究和找矿勘探工作,具有重要的理论和实际意义。     

云南郎都铜矿地质特征与矿床成因分析

郎都铜矿位于义敦-中甸岛弧带南段,红山复式背斜北东翼。矿体主要赋存于张性破碎带、层间破碎带、褶皱的转折端以及外接触带。矿床的形成与围岩性质、构造破碎带和围岩蚀变类型有较为直接的联系。矿床类型属接触交代热液型铜矿床,与成矿有密切关系的岩体为石英二长斑岩,围岩为碳酸盐岩类中的灰岩类,典型的矽卡岩矿物为透辉石,其次为石榴子石,其中透辉石矽卡岩含矿性明显高于石榴子石矽卡岩。根据同位素研究成果,郎都铜矿的成矿年龄大致为214.8±3.8 Ma;成矿的大地构造环境属于造山带环境。成矿物质主要来源为下地壳,次为地幔,具备壳幔混合和深源-浅源混合的特征。矿床的形成是多期次交代作用叠加的结果,具典型的矽卡岩型铜矿床基本特征。     

山东齐河—禹城地区矽卡岩型富铁矿的发现及其意义

在山东省齐河—禹城一带,选择航磁异常与区域重力异常套合地区,实施了大比例尺重磁测量,经钻探验证在该区首次发现了总厚度72.73m、全铁平均品位56.75%的厚大富磁铁矿,取得了地质找矿的重大新发现。矿体产于燕山晚期中-基性岩浆岩与奥陶纪马家沟群灰岩的接触带上,矿床成因为矽卡岩(接触交代)型磁铁矿床。该铁矿的发现是山东省近年来地质找矿的重大发现之一,预示在齐河—禹城地区进一步开展富铁矿找矿工作具有十分广阔的前景。     

Geology and Isotope Geochemistry of the Dongzhongla Pb–Zn Deposit in Tibet: Implications for the Origin of the Ore‐Forming Fluids and Storage Condition of Certain Metals

As a newly discovered medium‐sized deposit (proven Pb + Zn resources of 0.23 Mt, 9.43% Pb and 8.73% Zn), the Dongzhongla skarn Pb–Zn deposit is located in the northern margin of the eastern Gangdese, central Lhasa block. Based on the geological conditions in this deposit of ore‐forming fluids, H, O, C, S, Pb, Sr, and noble gas isotopic compositions were analyzed. Results show that δ¹⁸O_SMOW of quartz and calcite ranged from −9.85 to 4.17‰, and δD_SMOW ranged from −124.7 to −99.6‰ (where SMOW is the standard mean ocean water), indicating magma fluids mixed with meteoric water in ore‐forming fluids. The δ¹³C_PDB and δ¹⁸O_SMOW values of calcite range from −1.4 to −1.1‰ and from 5.3 to 15.90‰, respectively, show compositions consistent with the carbonate limestone in the surrounding rocks, implying that the carbon was primarily sourced from the dissolution of carbonate strata in the Luobadui Formation. The ore δ³⁴S composition varied in a narrow range of 2.8 to 5.7‰, mostly between 4‰ and 5‰. The total sulfur isotopic value δ³⁴S was 4.7‰ with characteristics of magmatic sulfur. The ³He/⁴He values of pyrite and galena ranged from 0.101 to 5.7 Ra, lower than those of mantle‐derived fluids (6 ± 1 Ra), but higher than those of the crust (0.01–0.05 Ra), and therefore classified as a crust–mantle mixed source. The Pb isotopic composition for ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb values of the ores were in the ranges of 18.628–18.746, 15.698–15.802, and 39.077–39.430, respectively, consistent with the Pb isotopic composition of magmatic rocks in the deposit, classified as upper‐crust lead. The ore lead was likely sourced partially from the crustal basement of the Lhasa Terrane. The initial (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i value from five sulfide samples ranged from 0.71732 to 0.72767, and associated ore‐forming fluids were mainly sourced from the partial melting of the upper‐crust materials. Pb isotopic compositions of ore sulfides from the Dongzhongla deposit are similar to that of the Yuiguila and Mengya'a deposit, indicating that they have similar sources of metal‐rich ore‐forming solution. According to basic skarn mineralogy, the economic metals, and the origin of the ore‐forming fluids, the Dongzhongla deposit was classified as a skarn‐type Pb–Zn deposit.