Possible climatic controls on the accumulation of Peru's most prominent alluvial fan: The Lima Conglomerate

Sediment accumulation can occur in response to a change in either tectonic or climatic driving forces. Here, we explore these controls on the deposition of the Lima Conglomerate, Peru. We use a combination of quantitative methods to explore the age of sediment accumulation, the provenance of the material and the paleo-erosion rates recorded by these deposits. Isochron burial dating with cosmogenic ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al yield an age of c. 500 ka for the base (490 ± 70 ka) and the uppermost sample situated c. 30 m higher upsection (490 ± 80 ka). Results of paleo-erosion rate estimates with concentrations of in situ ¹⁰Be show a c. 60% increase from 105 ± 10 mm ka^-1 for the base to 169 ± 14 mm ka^-1 for the uppermost sample. Finally, provenance tracing with in situ U/Pb ages on detrital zircon implies that the material has been derived from the entire drainage basin. The combination of results suggests that sediment accumulation occurred in response to an erosional pulse, which affected the entire basin within a short time interval. Because ¹⁰Be data represents a large spatial record of erosion, we exclude the possibility where a breakout of a lake or a focused release of material in response to earthquakes, were responsible for the large material flux. Instead, the erosional pulse was likely to have occurred at the scale of the entire basin, supporting the idea of a larger-scale, most likely climate driven control. In this context, the accumulation age of c. 500 ka falls into an orbital cycle fostering the emerging picture in the literature that sediment routing in the Andes have most likely been driven by climate and cyclic changes. We suggest that the Andean mountain range offers an ideal laboratory to explore the erosional history in relation to climate patterns, at least in Peru. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

矿物材料真密度测定方法的改进

传统的材料真密度测试方法操作步骤繁琐、精确度亦不高,尤其难以满足现代超细粉体真密度测试的要求。本文提出了一种改进的真密度测定方法,操作步骤简单,真密度的测定快速准确而且能同时测定多个样品,能节约大量时间。对几种不同粒度矿物样品的真密度实测结果（标准误差）表明本方法的精度比传统方法提高了近10倍。     

基于数值模拟的射电望远镜台址测风塔位置优选方法研究

射电望远镜天线结构设计和观测任务的正常进行都需要台址风场信息.随着望远镜性能要求的提高,天线结构设计越来越复杂,风载荷对天线观测时造成的指向影响也越发明显,如何在设计时保证结构刚度和强度,在观测时提高有效观测时间,都需要准确的风场数据.由于传统台址测风塔布置方法无法对测风塔拟设点的可靠性做出定量化评估,因此提出一种基于数值模拟优化测风塔位置的方法.数值模拟基于规范参数设置边界条件,与实测数据比较,整体趋势吻合,满足精度需求.对试验台址设置了4个测风塔位置,经分析P2点与天线位置的风速均方根误差值(root-mean-square error, RMSE)最小,测得的数据更能表征天线区域的风场特性.     

海洋测绘试卷自动创建系统的构建与实现

针对海洋测绘各专业日常技能考试的特点与存在的问题,在构建海洋测绘专业考试题库的基础上,架构了海洋测绘试卷自动创建系统,设计了海洋测绘试卷自动创建系统需要的后台数据库表单,结合实际需要,设置了相应的出题功能,对计算机自动化出题时用到的随机函数以及与数据库ADO访问方式,提出了试题编号的随机向量生成方式与批处理式地向数据库写入方法,加快了出题速度。通过重力测量试卷创建的实例认证,该系统实现了海洋测绘考试的试卷出题的自动化,使得题目分布具有均衡性与全面性,提高了出题效率与出题的客观性,有助于海洋测绘考试的规范性与公正性。     

福建滨海石英砂矿选矿试验研究及采样建议

石英砂原矿质量的优劣,有害杂质铁、铝的赋存状态及其在各粒级砂矿中的分布,是决定选矿效果的关键。当有害杂质赋存于泥中或呈颗粒状态存在时,通过水洗脱泥,螺旋溜槽流程极易选别,水力分级和振动筛起到去粗弃细的效果;擦洗可除去部分薄膜铁,而包裹铁、固溶铁一般难于剔除。福建生产玻璃砂的矿山均采用喷射泵采砂船水下开采,自上而下玻璃砂、型砂一次采空,建议选矿样要按大块段采集,玻璃砂、型砂分别包装,先作小样除铁效果试验并确定玻璃砂、型砂的混合比例,再进行选矿流程试验,以免造成整个样品达不到选矿目的。     

海底底质声学性质原位测量技术研究

系统介绍了海底底质声学性质原位测量技术,提出了新的原位测量方法,并根据这一测量方法,初步设计制作了相应的海底原位测量仪器。利用初步制作的测量仪器在实验室内对砂质沉积物进行了模拟测量试验,仪器测量得到的沉积物声速与直接透射法测量获得的声速基本一致。在宁波近海海域进行了海上实际测量试验,获得了该测量区域海底底质的声速,验证了此测量技术的可行性,为进一步研发先进的海底原位测量仪器奠定了基础。     

Cytogenetic analysis in two scallops (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) by PRINS and PI banding

Cytogenetic analysis was performed for the bay scallop(Argopecten irradians Lamarck 1819) and the Japanese scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis Jay 1857) by primed in situ labeling(PRINS) and propidium iodide(PI) banding techniques.The PRINS analysis revealed that major rRNA genes were clustered in two loci on the telomeric regions of the short arms on two acrocentric chromosome pairs in A.irradians and on two submetacentric pairs in P.yessoensis.The histone H3 gene sites differed in number and location between these two species.The C-band-like patterns revealed by PI staining varied considerably between these two species.A.irradians displayed terminal bands at long arms on all chromosomes,centromeric bands on some pairs and interstitial bands on five pairs.P.yessoensis exhibited only centromeric bands on all chromosomes.These results would contribute to the better understanding of karyotype evolution in A.irradians and P.yessoensis.     

南海北部陆坡海区春末第一模态内孤立波观测及特征分析

为获取南海北部陆坡海区第一模态内孤立波的动力结构及时间变化特征,本文利用该海区1套内孤立波浮标观测数据,对陆坡海区的内孤立波现场观测数据分析,识别判定了2021年5月5日至6月3日共30 d的179次第1模态内孤立波过程,并进行了内孤立波的特征分析。南海北部陆坡海区第1模态内孤立波剖面流场为双层结构,上层主要为西偏北向流动,下层流向与之相背,流速转向发生在100～150 m深度处。内孤立波期间,最大流速多发生于上层,流速为60～120 cm/s,底层流增强,上层流与下层流流向相反。受内潮影响,研究区域内孤立波存在半日和全日2个周期,主要以20～30 min间隔的波列形式向西偏北方向传播。本文关于南海北部陆坡海区第一模态内孤立波的分析研究有助于提升对该海区内孤立波时空变化特征的认识,为工程水下施工提供参考和依据。     

直管损伤识别的一种简化方法

本文首先讨论了将直管中三维频散波问题简化为一维定型波问题的条件。在此条件下讨论了将管中全波场分离为单向波场的方法。由此提出了使用敲击方法检测直管损伤是否存在和判断损伤程度的两个简化模型：连续损伤模型,用于描述直管在有限长度上刚度的改变;简化裂缝模型,用于近似描述裂缝自由面效应。基于这两个模型提出了直管损伤的简化反演方法,并通过数值算例详细讨论了此法的可行性和灵敏度。在结语中简要讨论了进一步研究工作。     

高阶单步力控制拟动力试验方法研究

本文采用高阶单步力控制试验方法,提出了减少试验误差的若干处理技术,进行了三层底部框支配筋砌块短肢砌体剪力墙足尺结构的拟动力试验,实现了大刚度多自由度复杂结构拟动力试验。试验结果表明,足尺拟动力试验可以很好地反映结构在真实地震作用下的反应,而采用力控制试验方法在结构恢复力特性进入下降段之前是可行的。