电提取技术中载体物质应用效果提高的途径

电提取器中用来承载提取物的载体,从最初的"液体"发展为"固体",为方法的实用性和标准化发展找到了方向.固体载体物质的粒度和纯度是提高元素提取效果的主要方面.对载体物质进行工艺性提纯处理,并加工到适宜的粒度范围,将可增强其技术作用.     

水下旁压试验在桥基原位测试中的应用

介绍了GA型预钻式旁压仪在水下沉积软土及砂土桥基原位测试中的成功应用。试验结果表明: 由旁压试验结果推求的地基承载力与标准贯入击数具有良好的线性关系, 随着标贯击数N_63.5的增大, 土质较硬的地基的承载力增长的幅度小; 而土质较软的地基的承载力增长的幅度反而大。为利用标贯试验和部分旁压试验结果能够较为准确地推求地基承载力, 确定持力层位置, 提供了依据。     

高寒荒漠区异常查证技术方法--以青海龙尾沟铜、金矿床为例

高寒荒漠干旱区由于其独特的自然地理条件而使异常查证工作困难重重,效果不佳.对此种地区的异常查证工作,需采用非常规的方法,同时要对所查证异常的特征、异常区成矿控矿地质条件以及工作尺度和目的物尺度的充分研究后决定.在青海龙尾沟地区采用综合配套方法技术,以研究区1:5万红外遥感航片解译为先导,技术上采用X荧光测量与现场快速分析相结合,配合基础地质路线调查,达到了快速查证异常之目的.结果表明,本文提出的高寒荒漠干旱景观区异常查证的综合配套方法是有效的.在青海龙尾沟地区的找矿工作中取得了突破,在阿尔金山南缘首次发现了具有工业意义、具一定规模和较大资源潜力的铜、金矿(化)体.     

成都市遥测地震台网通讯方式现状与思考

随着各种数据传输技术的不断成熟和发展,越来越多的数据传输方式在地震监测中得到了广泛应用。本文简要介绍了在地震监测台网中得到实际应用的几种数据传输方式的技术特点和组网方式。同时,将超短波传输、CDMA传输、DDN传输在成都市遥测地震台网中的实际运行情况及传输性能进行比较。     

Application of the ALE technique for underwater explosion analysis of a submarine liquefied oxygen tank

The design of submarines has continually evolved to improve survivability. Explosions may induce local damage as well as global collapse to a submarine. Therefore, it is important to realistically estimate the possible damage conditions due to underwater explosions in the design stage. The present study applied the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) technique, a fluid–structure interaction approach, to simulate an underwater explosion and investigate the survival capability of a damaged submarine liquefied oxygen tank. The Lagrangian–Eulerian coupling algorithm, the equations of state for explosives and seawater, and the simple calculation method for explosive loading were also reviewed. It is shown that underwater explosion analysis using the ALE technique can accurately evaluate structural damage after attack. This procedure could be applied quantitatively to real structural design.     

Colonization of Sulfurovum sp. on the gill surfaces of Alvinocaris longirostris, a deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp

Deep‐sea hydrothermal vents are unique light‐independent ecosystems that are sustained by chemosynthetic bacteria. For many of the invertebrates inhabiting in such environments, bacteria play essential roles in both energy acquisition and detoxification of potentially toxic gases such as H₂S. In this study, the bacterial flora present on the gills of Alvinocaris longirostris (Bresiliidae: Caridea), a shrimp inhabiting hydrothermal vents (1532 m depth) at the Hatoma Knoll of the Okinawa Trough, was investigated. Bacterial 16S rDNA fragments were successfully amplified from the gills and 70% of these fragments showed an identical pattern in the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. These fragments were assigned to the ribotype AL‐1. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that AL‐1 forms a monophyletic clade with Sulfurovum spp. (ε‐Proteobacteria). Fluorescence in situ hybridization for AL‐1 and electron microscopy showed the presence of short‐rod bacteria lining up on the cuticular layer of the surface of the gill filaments. These results suggest that bacterial association with gills also occurs in bresiliid shrimps.     

Comparison of techniques for pre-concentrating radium from seawater

In the framework of the KEOPS project (KErguelen: compared study of the Ocean and the Plateau in Surface water), we aimed to provide information on the water mass pathways and vertical mixing on the Kerguelen Plateau, Southern Ocean, based on ²²⁸Ra profiles. Because ²²⁸Ra activities are extremely low in this area (~ 0.1 dpm/100 kg or ~ 2.10^− 18 g kg^− 1), the filtration of large volumes of seawater was required in order to be able to detect it with minimal uncertainty. This challenging study was an opportunity for us to test and compare methods aimed at removing efficiently radium isotopes from seawater. We used Mn-fiber that retains radium and that allows the measurement of all four radium isotopes (²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Ra, ²²³Ra, ²²⁴Ra). First, we used Niskin bottles or the ship's seawater intake to collect large volumes of seawater that were passed onto Mn-fiber in the laboratory. Second, we filled cartridges with Mn-fiber that we placed in tandem on in situ pumps. Finally, we fixed nylon nets filled with Mn-fiber on the frame of in situ pumps to allow the passive filtration of seawater during the pump deployment.Yields of radium fixation on the cartridges filled with Mn-fiber and placed on in situ pumps are ca. 30% when combining the two cartridges. Because large volumes of seawater can be filtered with these pumps, this yields to effective volumes of 177–280 kg (that is, higher than that recovered from fourteen 12-l Niskin bottles). Finally, the effective volume of seawater that passed through Mn-fiber placed in nylon nets and deployed during 4 h ranged between 125 and 364 kg. Consequently, the two techniques that separate Ra isotopes in situ are good alternatives for pre-concentrating radium from seawater. They can save ship-time by avoiding repeated CTD casts to obtain the large volumes of seawater. This is especially true when in situ pumps are deployed to collect suspended particles. However, both methods only provide ²²⁸Ra/²²⁶Ra ratios. The determination of the ²²⁸Ra specific activity is obtained by multiplying this ratio by the ²²⁶Ra activity measured in a discrete sample collected at the same water depth.     

DETECTION OF WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS(WSSV) OF PENAEUS CHINENSIS BY IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION

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运用TRIZ理论改进固体载体型元素提取器

介绍了运用TRIZ理论改进固体载体型元素提取器的过程。首先找出现有元素提取器的优势与不足,提出理想解,再利用冲突矩阵提供的发明原理创新改进;改进后的球状元素提取器最大限度地扩展了其与周围土壤的接触面,更好地适应电场作用特性,为土壤中的电活动态物质进入提取器提供了更便捷、更广阔的通道,使得电提取作用过程的效率达到最大化。     

生物样品中硒形态分析前处理技术

样品前处理过程在硒形态分析中至关重要。文章对生物样品中硒形态分析的前处理方法,包括液相萃取、微波辅助萃取、固相微萃取、液相微萃取等及其应用进行归纳总结,指出了痕量、超痕量硒形态分析前处理技术的未来发展方向主要集中在满足简单、快速和环境友好的自动化处理,并着重于样品前处理的各种萃取技术在线耦合以及与硒形态分析检测器联用技术。