台风"麦莎"的天气过程总结

利用全市21个自动气象站的逐时资料，分析了台风“麦莎”对苏州市的风雨影响，并将其与20世纪90年代以来对苏州造成严重影响的9015号和9711号两个台风，分别从登陆时强度、登陆后移动路径、影响苏州市的持续时间和形成的风雨实况等方面进行了对比分析。通过分析比较得出，台风“麦莎”是20世纪90年代以来对苏州影响最严重的一次台风过程。     

论秦岭造山带的成矿作用

对秦岭造山带区域成矿背景、矿床的时空分布、典型矿床矿田赋存部位、区域成矿元素地球化学背景、多重岩片控矿理论,构造成矿体系、成矿物质来源、矿床成因类型、矿床区域成矿模式进行了讨论,在对大量资料研究的基础上提出了新认识。最后指出秦巴地区进一步寻找大型矿床的地区。     

Solar Type III Bursts and the Generation of Backward Langmuir Wave

It is generally believed that the conversion of Langmuir wave (LW) to electromagnetic wave is the generating mechanism of solar type III bursts. The Langmuir wave can be easily excited by the instability of the electron-beam current, and the interaction of the forward and backward Langmuir waves is considered to be the cause for the second harmonic of a type III burst, but, so far, the dispersion equation and generating mechanism of the backward Langmuir wave have not yet been thoroughly studied. For the equation of two-stream instability with temperature included, an analytical solution is derived. It is found that the dispersion relation of the forward LW strongly depends on the beam-current speed, while that of the backward LW depends only on the thermal velocity, when the other parameters are fixed. These analytical results are partially confirmed by particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. With the PIC simulation, the generating mechanism of the backward LW is studied, and it is revealed that the backward LW can not be excited directly by the electron-beam current, and that its energy is obtained basically from the scattering of the forward LW. However, the electron-beam current does cause a direct amplification of the second harmonic of the forward LW.     

On mixing processes in cumulus clouds

An examination is made of the hypothesis that internal cloud properties are determined by the mixing of dry air from above the cloud top and cloud base air in such a way that the mixture is neutrally buoyant with respect to the clear air environment at each level. It is concluded that the resulting mixture is much drier than is actually observed. Comments are made about observed cloud properties which need to be taken into account in any model of the mixing process.     

禾青井动水位对断层蠕动与慢地震过程的响应初析

以湖南禾青井深井水位观测的异常图象为例进行定性分析，发现动水位观测有可能直接反映出断层的滑动或断层的慢地震过程，前者可能为地下水物理参量的观测与研究提供亲折思路，后者则可能对震源物理学的发展和地震预报水平的提高具有特殊的意义。     

西藏当雄地区构造地貌及形成演化过程

西藏当雄地区在区域性挤压缩短期后发育2种典型层状地貌面,即山顶面与盆地面,不同地块具有不同特点与不同高度的山顶面.山顶面形态与分区性、分段性明显受早期逆冲推覆构造与晚期断裂所控制,山顶面梯级带对应于区域张性-张扭性断裂与盆-山构造-地貌边界.原始山顶面或高原主夷平面主要形成于15~8 Ma,念青唐古拉山脉开始快速隆升与两侧地块初始断陷时代为8~4 Ma,羊八井-当雄-谷露盆地快速裂陷事件发生于2~1.5 Ma,区域NW向走滑断裂与现今河流峡谷主要形成于1.4 Ma以来.当雄及邻区层状地貌面的形成、裂解与演化良好地反映了青藏高原腹地挤压缩短与地壳增厚期后区域构造活动和地貌环境变迁的动力学过程.     

华北一次暴雨过程中潜热对中尺度系统和降水影响的数值研究

针对2005年7月22日的发生于华北的暴雨中尺度对流系统,在用中尺度ARPS模式数值模拟和分析云场、动力场以及微物理过程释放的潜热垂直分布和作用特征的基础上,通过改变主要微物理过程潜热做敏感性数值试验,研究和分析了潜热对云系发展演变、云系宏观动力场、水汽场、云场和降水的影响,总结出云暖区潜热的影响途径。结果表明,在对流云团中,5000 m以上微物理过程起加热作用,以下起冷却作用。不同物理过程潜热加热的云层高度不同:高层起加热作用的主要为水汽凝结、云冰初生和雪凝华增长、霰撞冻云水过程;中层起加热/冷却作用的主要为水汽凝结、霰/雹融化过程;低层雨水的蒸发过程起冷却作用。微物理过程潜热通过影响云系和降水发展过程、云系动力场,进而影响水汽场、云场和降水。忽略霰/雹融化潜热,相当于增加云系暖区潜热,促进了低层气旋性环流的形成,增强了低层动力场的辐合,使得低层辐合区增多、增强;中低层水汽通量辐合区增多、面积扩大,明显地促进了对流云系的发展,增大了含水量和覆盖范围,云系的降水量显著增加,强降水区覆盖范围扩大。即使减少20%的凝结潜热,云系的发展也受到极大抑制,没有气旋性环流生成,低层辐合区缩小、强度降低,水汽通量辐合区也同样缩小、强度降低,云系对流发展减弱、含水量降低,因此,降水量大为减小,降水范围也显著缩小。此外,微物理过程潜热还影响到此次中尺度对流系统发展演变过程,改变了云系的形态、影响到系统的移动和系统中对流云团的发展强度和分布情况。     

东非鲁武马盆地始新统超深水重力流砂岩储层特征及成因

鲁武马盆地古近系-新近系发育多套超深水、超大型、富含天然气藏的重力流沉积砂体。以始新统砂体为解剖对象,分析区内重力流砂岩储层特征及成因。结果表明砂体以巨厚层状产出于深海泥岩内部,并与周围泥岩截然接触,测井曲线表现出宏观均一性;岩心揭示此类巨厚砂体是由多期单砂体叠置而成,单砂体是由底部高密度颗粒流和顶部低密度浊流两部分组成,且经历过强底流改造。鲁武马河流三角洲强大物源供给决定了区内砂体分布面积和体积规模;深海滑塌、块体搬运等重力流沉积过程控制了沉积体粒序构造和内部结构;海底区域性强底流持续冲刷并携带走单砂体顶部细粒沉积物,残留了底部“干净”的中粗粒砂岩;多期沉积事件和频繁水道迁移决定了砂体纵、横向叠加展布,并最终形成了区内厚度巨大、岩性宏观均一且连通性极好的超大型深水重力流沉积砂岩储层。     

Grassland degradation in the “Three-River Headwaters&rdquo|region, Qinghai Province

Supported by MSS images in the mid and late 1970s, TM images in the early 1990s and TM/ETM images in 2004, grassland degradation in the “Three-River Headwaters” region (TRH region) was interpreted through analysis on RS images in two time series, then the spatial and temporal characteristics of grassland degradation in the TRH region were ana-lyzed since the 1970s. The results showed that grassland degradation in the TRH region was a continuous change process which had large affected area and long time scale, and rapidly strengthen phenomenon did not exist in the 1990s as a whole. Grassland degradation pattern in the TRH region took shape initially in the mid and late 1970s. Since the 1970s, this deg-radation process has taken place continuously, obviously characterizing different rules in different regions. In humid and semi-humid meadow region, grassland firstly fragmentized, then vegetation coverage decreased continuously, and finally “black-soil-patch” degraded grassland was formed. But in semi-arid and arid steppe region, the vegetation coverage de-creased continuously, and finally desertification was formed. Because grassland degradation had obviously regional differences in the TRH region, it could be regionalized into 7 zones, and each zone had different characteristics in type, grade, scale and time process of grass-land degradation.     

中国庐山晚第四纪沉积岩系的石英形貌显微结构及环境过程

基于庐山山地晚第四纪地层典型断面的系统调查,从地层剖面层序中筛选的微粒(θ=1～3mm)石英颗粒进行环境电子显微镜观测研究,辨认出显微结构-颗粒形态-变形构造-动力化学作用等特征,运用系统过程发展中的节点事件进行层型剖面的环境响应分析,采取综合指标表征地球表层过程及环境响应情景,明确划分出四个古气候环境发展阶段,由下往上分别表现为冰期环境-间冰期环境-冰缘环境-冰后期环境,为深入研究及科学认识庐山第四纪环境演化过程及全球变化提供了新的基础依据。