北斗系统星源伪距偏差特性分析及改正

北斗卫星伪距观测值存在一类与卫星相关的系统误差,称为星源伪距偏差,MEO和IGSO卫星可以通过其与高度角的关系建立改正模型,而GEO卫星由于其静止特性难以建立基于高度角的改正模型。据此,本文在分析GEO卫星伪距偏差特性的基础上,提出了一种基于奇异谱分析(SSA)的修正方法,并通过双频无电离层组合伪距单点定位(SPP)对比试验来验证修正效果。结果表明:修正后GEO卫星伪距观测值基本上消除了伪距偏差,MP观测值精度在B1、B2、B3频率上分别提高了39.9%、17.9%、29.4%,MW观测值精度提高了41.3%;传统改正模型修正IGSO和MEO卫星伪距偏差对SPP影响很小,而奇异谱分析方法修正GEO卫星伪距偏差使SPP的精度在平面、高程方向上分别提高了11.1%、21.1%。     

中国南方寒武纪岩相古地理

中国南方是指西至金沙江-元江断裂、西北至龙门山断裂、北至城口-房县-襄樊-广济断裂、东北至郯庐断裂、东至黄海和东海、南至南海的我国南方广大地区。在各露头剖面和钻井剖面地层学和岩石学研究所取得的各种定量及定性资料的基础上,采用单因素分析综合作用法,编制出了中国南方下寒武统下部和中部、下寒武统上部、中寒武统和上寒武统的各种单因素图以及相应的早寒武世早期和中期、早寒武世晚期、中寒武世和晚寒武世岩相古地理图。这些古地理图的最主要特征是定量,即每个古地理单元的划分和确定都有确切的定量的单因素图为依据。这种定量的岩相古地理图在中国南方寒武纪还是首次出现。中国南方寒武纪有7个主要的古地理单元,即滇西台地、康滇陆、扬子台地、斜坡、江南盆地、东南台地和华夏陆。滇西台地、康滇陆、扬子台地、斜坡和江南盆地属康滇古地理体系,东南台地和华夏陆属华夏古地理体系。这两个古地理体系拼合在一起,就构成了中国南方寒武纪的两陆、三台、一盆和一坡和古地理的基本格局。是寒武世早期和中期的岩相古地理特征与早寒武世晚期、中寒武世和晚寒武世岩相古地理特征有明显的不同。这是两个大不相同的演化阶段。这种定量的岩相古地理图在古地理学中是个重大的进展,对石油、天然气以及其他各种矿产的预测和勘探有重要的指导作用。     

格值分段计算重力单程观测,三程循环观测法的公式

总结了大测程重力仪分段标定的格值相对变化大于/1400时,单程、三程循环重力观测值居于不同测程段内可能出现的8种计算公式.     

A new numerical method of considering local longitudinal dispersion in single fractures

The solutions of advection–dispersion equation in single fractures were carefully reviewed, and their relationships were addressed. The classic solution, which represents the resident or flux concentration within the semi‐infinite fractures under constant concentration or flux boundary conditions, respectively, describes the effluent concentration for a finite fracture. In addition, it also predicts the cumulative distribution of solute particle residence time passing through a single fracture under pulse injection condition, based on which a particle tracking approach was developed to simulate the local advection–dispersion in single fractures. We applied the proposed method to investigate the influence of local dispersion in single fractures on the macrodispersion in different fracture systems with relatively high fracture density. The results show that the effects of local dispersion on macrodispersion are dependent on the heterogeneity of fracture system, but generally the local dispersion plays limited roles on marodispersion at least in dense fracture network. This trend was in agreement with the macrodispersion in heterogeneous porous media. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Statistical corrections of spatially interpolated missing precipitation data estimates

Spatial interpolation methods used for estimation of missing precipitation data generally under and overestimate the high and low extremes, respectively. This is a major limitation that plagues all spatial interpolation methods as observations from different sites are used in local or global variants of these methods for estimation of missing data. This study proposes bias‐correction methods similar to those used in climate change studies for correcting missing precipitation estimates provided by an optimal spatial interpolation method. The methods are applied to post‐interpolation estimates using quantile mapping, a variant of equi‐distant quantile matching and a new optimal single best estimator (SBE) scheme. The SBE is developed using a mixed‐integer nonlinear programming formulation. K‐fold cross validation of estimation and correction methods is carried out using 15 rain gauges in a temperate climatic region of the U.S. Exhaustive evaluation of bias‐corrected estimates is carried out using several statistical, error, performance and skill score measures. The differences among the bias‐correction methods, the effectiveness of the methods and their limitations are examined. The bias‐correction method based on a variant of equi‐distant quantile matching is recommended. Post‐interpolation bias corrections have preserved the site‐specific summary statistics with minor changes in the magnitudes of error and performance measures. The changes were found to be statistically insignificant based on parametric and nonparametric hypothesis tests. The correction methods provided improved skill scores with minimal changes in magnitudes of several extreme precipitation indices. The bias corrections of estimated data also brought site‐specific serial autocorrelations at different lags and transition states (dry‐to‐dry, dry‐to‐wet, wet‐to‐wet and wet‐to‐dry) close to those from the observed series. Bias corrections of missing data estimates provide better serially complete precipitation time series useful for climate change and variability studies in comparison to uncorrected filled data series. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

单基站CORS在矿山测量中的应用

露天矿山中需要进行工程控制测量、地形测量、土石方量测量、边坡稳定测量等工作,单基站CORS可以给测量工作带来很大的方便。论文介绍了单基站CORS的建设过程、坐标联测、精度等内容,并总结了单基站CORS在矿山测量中的应用。     

高精度单码道绝对式编码器的编码和解码研究

本文提出了一种全新的单码道绝对编码和解码方法.编码满足“惟一性”,即连续任取N位或大于N位的编码序列Nl,该序列在码道内是惟一的,并对应光栅上惟一的位移或角度值.圆光栅编码还满足“闭合性”,即以任意v位编码序列N0为起始,在圆光栅码道内按位顺序选取N1、N2、……、Nn,其中n为码道内编码的位数,均满足惟一性.解码由粗...     

GPS单频伪距相位平滑及其单点定位的精度分析

本文基于Hatch滤波方法进行GPS单频伪距相位平滑及其单点定位的研究,针对单频伪距相位平滑的离散性,给出了移动窗口分段平滑方法的具体处理方案,并研制了相应的软件模块。采用自编软件,利用IGS跟踪站观测数据,以静态模拟动态的方式,对GPS单频伪距进行了相位平滑处理和动态单点定位计算,并对单频相位平滑伪距及其单点定位的精度进行了分析。计算结果验证了本文基于Hatch滤波和移动窗口分段平滑的单频伪距相位平滑方法的可行性和有效性。     

Experimental investigation on seismic behavior of single piles in sandy soil

This paper describes a quasi-static test program featuring lateral cyclic loading on single piles in sandy soil. The tests were conducted on 18 aluminum model piles with different cross sections and lateral load eccentricity ratios, e/d, (e is the lateral load eccentricity and d is the diameter of pile) of 0, 4 and 8, embedded in sand with a relative density of 30% and 70%. The experimental results include lateral load-displacement hysteresis loops, skeleton curves and energy dissipation curves. Lateral cap...