苏北东部海域辐射沙洲研究的新思路

苏北东部海域辐射沙洲以往仅侧重于外动力方面的研究，这里提出开展内动力与外动力同步研究的新思路，指出两者的结合点是旋扭运动，要在以往外动力研究的基础上，加强地震震中研究、地形变监测、地应力实测等方面内容，以确定该区不同层圈、不同介质条件下是否存在同一的旋扭运动。上述思路的实施，有利于地理学与地质学研究的沟通和溶合，同时提出地震往往伴随旋扭现象的事实，丰富了地震学的研究内容，其研究成果将为多方面的开发辐射沙洲提供基础资料。     

The 1-Centimeter Orbit: Jason-1 Precision Orbit Determination Using GPS, SLR, DORIS, and Altimeter Data

The Jason-1 radar altimeter satellite, launched on December 7, 2001 is the follow on to the highly successful TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) mission and will continue the time series of centimeter level ocean topography measurements. Orbit error is a major component in the overall error budget of all altimeter satellite missions. Jason-1 is no exception and has set a 1-cm radial orbit accuracy goal, which represents a factor of two improvement over what is currently being achieved for T/P. The challenge to precision orbit determination (POD) is both achieving the 1-cm radial orbit accuracy and evaluating the performance of the 1-cm orbit. There is reason to hope such an improvement is possible. The early years of T/P showed that GPS tracking data collected by an on-board receiver holds great promise for precise orbit determination. In the years following the T/P launch there have been several enhancements to GPS, improving its POD capability. In addition, Jason-1 carries aboard an enhanced GPS receiver and significantly improved SLR and DORIS tracking systems along with the altimeter itself. In this article we demonstrate the 1-cm radial orbit accuracy goal has been achieved using GPS data alone in a reduced dynamic solution. It is also shown that adding SLR data to the GPS-based solutions improves the orbits even further. In order to assess the performance of these orbits it is necessary to process all of the available tracking data (GPS, SLR, DORIS, and altimeter crossover differences) as either dependent or independent of the orbit solutions. It was also necessary to compute orbit solutions using various combinations of the four available tracking data in order to independently assess the orbit performance. Towards this end, we have greatly improved orbits determined solely from SLR+DORIS data by applying the reduced dynamic solution strategy. In addition, we have computed reduced dynamic orbits based on SLR, DORIS, and crossover data that are a significant improvement over the SLR- and DORIS-based dynamic solutions. These solutions provide the best performing orbits for independent validation of the GPS-based reduced dynamic orbits. The application of the 1-cm orbit will significantly improve the resolution of the altimeter measurement, making possible further strides in radar altimeter remote sensing.     

海洋沉积物中总硅的分光光度法测定

本文采用聚四氟乙烯高压罐消化海洋沉积物。这种密闭的消化体系避免了硅的挥发损失和玷污,能达到对高含量硅沉积物的完全消化,并且消除了氢氟酸的干扰;采用分光光度法测定总硅,简化了操作步骤,加快了测定速度。本法的精密度为0.8％,回收率为99—lOl％,测定水系沉积物标准样品的结果与推荐值的相对偏差小于O.5％。本法已应用于台湾海峡沉积物总硅的测定,获得满意的结果。     

海水中硝酸盐铜镉柱还原测定操作步骤的优化研究

本文比较了硝酸盐测定的铜镉柱还原法在两个规范中技术指标和操作工艺的差异.针对本实验室具体条件,对该测定方法的某些步骤(如镉柱制备、蠕动泵、流速选择、加氯化铵缓冲液方法等)进行优化研究,选择适宜的改进方法,以便将硝酸盐铜镉柱还原测定方法结合进本实验室已有的营养盐测定系统中.     

复配微乳增溶增敏分光光度法测定海水中硼的研究

首次把 SDS:OP乳化剂复配微乳的增溶增敏性应用于海水中硼的分光光度法测定研究中 ,确定了最佳实验条件 ,改进了现有的姜黄法。该方法的精密度为 8.9× 10 -3 ,回收率为 10 4 % ,硼浓度在 0～ 1.2 0μg/m L范围内遵守比耳定律。摩尔吸光系数为 1.5 9× 10 5,检出限为 0 .0 0 6 9μgm L-1。结果表明该方法可广泛应用于海水及其它水体中硼的水相直接显色分光光度测定     

光纤光化学氨传感器的研究及应用

氨是导致海洋水体富营养化的重要因素之一，基于光纤光化学检测的氨传感器特别适于氨的原位或在线分析。文章介绍了光纤光化学氨传感器的基本原理，光纤敏感膜的制备方法及其一些应用管况。发展小型、实用的光纤光化学传感器是未来海水中氨的原位、在线检测的发展趋势之一。     

Jason-1 Precision Orbit Determination by Combining SLR and DORIS with GPS Tracking Data

With the implementation of the Jason-1 satellite altimeter mission, the goal of reaching the 1-cm level in orbit accuracy was set. To support the Precision Orbit Determination (POD) requirements, the Jason-1 spacecraft carries receivers for DORIS (Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite) and GPS (Global Positioning System), as well as a retroreflector for SLR (Satellite Laser Ranging). The overall orbit accuracy for Jason will depend on the quality and the relative weighting of the available tracking data. In this study, the relative importance of the SLR, DORIS, and GPS tracking data is assessed along with the most effective parameterization for accounting for the unmodeled accelerations through the application of empirical accelerations. The optimal relative weighting for each type of tracking data was examined. It is demonstrated that GPS tracking alone is capable of supporting a radial orbit accuracy for Jason-1 at the 1-cm level, and that including SLR tracking provides additional benefits. It is also shown that the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) gravity model GGM01S provides a significant improvement in the orbit accuracy and reduction in the level of geographically correlated orbit errors.     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

BD卫星星间链路定轨结果及分析

我国新一代北斗导航系统试验卫星搭载了高精度星间链路载荷并已经得到了实测数据。本文给出了星间链路数据预处理方法,并介绍了星间链路数据独立定轨和星间Ka测量与L波段数据联合定轨的方法和初步结果。利用3颗试验卫星和1个地面Ka站在轨试验,结果表明:独立采用星间链路定轨,其结果 R方向误差小于0.5m;星间链路数据与L波段数据联合定轨,其对L波段定轨结果有显著改善,轨道R方向误差小于0.3m;星间测量设备时延标校精度优于0.1m。     

风云3C增强北斗定轨试验结果与分析

首次搭载GPS/BDS双模接收机全球导航卫星掩星探测仪(GNOS)的风云三号C星于2013年9月23日的成功发射,为研究低轨卫星对BDS定轨增强提供了便利。本文首先对低轨卫星GNOS搭载的GPS/BDS双模接收机的观测数据进行统计,并分析了伪距测量精度。然后在全球测站、区域测站两种布局情况下,对无GNOS的BDS单系统定轨、无GNOS的GPS/BDS双系统定轨、有GNOS的BDS单系统定轨增强、有GNOS的GPS/BDS双系统定轨增强4种方案进行北斗轨道及钟差比较分析。结果表明,GNOS对北斗卫星轨道增强在全球测站下,GEO卫星切向精度提升最为显著,提升程度达60%,其次是法向和其他类型卫星切向,部分弧段个别GEO卫星径向精度稍有下降。双系统定轨增强中可视弧段钟差重叠精度RMS值有0.1ns量级改善。7个国内测站区域监测网的定轨试验中对轨道进行了预报,结果表明GNOS对北斗GEO卫星轨道预报精度切向提升达85%,其余方向及卫星有较大改善,平均21.7%。可视弧段钟差重叠精度RMS值有0.5ns量级改善。