An Evaluation of Methods for the Chemical Decomposition of Geological Materials for Trace Element Determination using ICP-MS

Complete dissolution is essential to obtain accurate analytical results using ICP-MS. In this study, decomposition techniques (i.e. acid digestions using Savillex Teflon vials, a high pressure digestion system and microwave oven, a combined lithium tetraborate fusion - HF/HNO3 acid decomposition and sodium peroxide sinter) for the total dissolution of different types of geological reference materials have been investigated. Savillex Teflon vial HF/HNO3 digestion is effective for basaltic samples. The high pressure HF/HClO4 digestion (PicoTrace TC-805 digestion system, Bovenden, Germany) allows dissolution of basalts and ironstones. Granites and magnetite-rich samples can be dissolved using a high pressure HF/H₂SO₄ method. Geological samples cannot be effectively attacked by microwave acid digestion. A combined lithium tetraborate fusion - HF/HNO3 acid digestion method allows complete dissolution of many different types of geological materials; however, this method precludes the determination of volatile elements due to the high fusion temperature (1000 °C). A sodium peroxide sinter method at 480 °C has the potential for the rapid determination of Y, Sc and REE in different types of geological materials. However, the lack of ultra-pure reagents precludes the use of lithium tetraborate fusion and sodium peroxide sinter methods for the measurement of geological samples with low trace element abundances.     

An Ion Chromatography Method for the Determination of Major Anions In Geothermal Water Samples

A single-column suppressed ion chromatography technique was employed for the simultaneous determination of major and trace anions in sulfaterich groundwater samples. An analytical column, a self regenerating suppressor and sodium carbonate as the eluent were used to separate the anions. Method detection limits for the anions of interest were 10.4, 15.9, 36.8, 62, 60, 61 and 67 μg l⁻¹ for F⁻, Cl⁻, NO₂⁻, Br⁻, NO₃⁻, PO₄³⁻ and SO₄²⁻ respectively. The precision of the method was tested at five different concentration levels for each anion reference sample to evaluate the effectiveness of the method for groundwater analysis. Recovery studies were performed between two successive months by adding reference samples to the geothermal groundwater and drinking water samples. Precision was also assessed as the relative standard deviation of both repeatability (within-day) and reproducibility (between-day and different concentrations) for groundwater samples. Standard deviation and RSD values of 220 groundwater samples acquired over 8 months were evaluated. The suppressed ion chromatography technique was found to be a suitable method for determining major anions in sulfate-rich geothermal water samples.     

化探样品中金、铋、钼化学光谱法联测

介绍了一种应用化学光谱法对化探样品中痕量金、铋、钼进行联测的方法。该方法是先将试样焙烧后，用王水溶解样品，在盐酸介质中用活性炭静态吸附痕量金、铋、钼，并与其它元素发生分离，再将吸附了待测元素的活性炭灰化后装入电极板，进行光谱测定。生产实践表明，该方法快速、准确，能够进行三元素联测，进一步改进测试工艺，还可进行多元素联测。     

微晶萘共沉淀富集－石墨炉原子吸收法测定痕量银金钯

基于贵金属同２－巯基苯并噻唑（ＭＢＴ）定量反应时的温度差异，在常温下采用ＭＢＴ为Ａｇ、Ａｕ和Ｐｄ的沉淀剂并藉微晶素共沉淀法富集痕量Ａｇ、Ａｕ和Ｐｄ，使之与Ｐｔ、Ｒｈ及贱金属分离。固相富集物溶解于Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基甲酰胺后，直接用原子吸收法测定。试验了定量共沉淀的最佳条件，方法用标样分析验证，结果吻合较好。     

第四纪沉积物光释光测年中等效剂量测定方法的对比研究

准确地测定碎屑矿物沉积后吸收的等效剂量第四纪沉积物释光测年中最关键的一环。用光释光测年技术对几年全新世坡积物,古土地和黄土等样品中的石英,长石等碎屑矿物进行了测定等效剂量的对比研究。     

冀东青龙一带双山子与朱丈子群的时代归属问题

本文谁了各类变质岩的全岩Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线所反映的岩石初始或叠加变质变形年龄。角闪岩相的锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ一致线和Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线则因原岩（火成或沉积成因）的差别分别反映生成年龄或变形年龄，实际是受原生水控制。Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线年龄偏低，还与低温动力变质中水的加入有关。由于本区２４５０Ｍａ的数据出现频率很高，反映了太古宙与元古宙间的主要地质事件，结合双山子群、朱丈子群中发育可供洲际对比的绿岩带，故二者统归太     

Iron Isotopic Compositions of Geological Reference Materials and Chondrites

High‐precision iron isotopic compositions for Fe‐bearing geological reference materials and chondrites with a wide range of matrices (e.g., silicates, oxides, organic‐bearing materials) are reported. This comprehensive data set should serve as a reference for iron isotopic studies across a range of geological and biological disciplines for both quality assurance and inter‐laboratory calibration. Where comparison is available, the iron isotopic compositions of most geological reference materials measured in this study were in agreement with previously published data within quoted uncertainties. Recommendations for the reporting of future iron isotopic data and associated uncertainties are also presented. Long‐term repeat analyses of all samples indicate that highly reproducible iron isotopic measurements are now obtainable (± 0.03‰ and ± 0.05‰ for δ⁵⁶Fe and δ⁵⁷Fe, respectively).     

改进单组CEI基线对卫星定轨精度的影响研究

短基线相位干涉测量是一种被动测角卫星定轨跟踪方法,测量精度高。利用该方法采用单组正交双基线对静地卫星的定轨精度进行了仿真计算,并分别采用物理延长东西基线和东西基线阵列两种方法来考察对卫星定轨精度的改进情况。仿真结果表明,物理延长东西基线可以显著提高定轨精度;若星下点与跟踪网相距较远,则东西向基线阵列可显著提高定轨精度,且该方法对我国北斗卫星群的整体定轨效果很好,能进行几十米级的定轨。     

变形监测网非线性一、二类同步设计的新方法

监测网的精度是通过它的网形和观测方案来实现,因而研究设计合理的观测网形和观测方案有很重要的意义。针对以往一、二类设计分开单独进行解算不可能求得整体上最优,提出了非线性一、二类同步设计的新方法。该方法将一、二类设计的决策变量在一个模型中解算,可获得整体最优解。     

补偿式量热计在热化学中的应用

简要介绍了 Ｄ Ｄ Ｃ Ⅱ型补偿式数字精密量热系统及原理和对系统的标定。报道了用该量热计对无限稀的酸和碱反应过程的微反应热的自动测定,为热化学反应过程中微热效应的测定和该量热计的拓展提供了一条新途径。