Atmospheric densities derived from CHAMP/STAR accelerometer observations

The satellite CHAMP carries the accelerometer STAR in its payload and thanks to the GPS and SLR tracking systems accurate orbit positions can be computed. Total atmospheric density values can be retrieved from the STAR measurements, with an absolute uncertainty of 10-15%, under the condition that an accurate radiative force model, satellite macro-model, and STAR instrumental calibration parameters are applied, and that the upper-atmosphere winds are less than . The STAR calibration parameters (i.e. a bias and a scale factor) of the tangential acceleration were accurately determined using an iterative method, which required the estimation of the gravity field coefficients in several iterations, the first result of which was the EIGEN-1S (Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 (14) (2002) 10.1029) gravity field solution. The procedure to derive atmospheric density values is as follows: (1) a reduced-dynamic CHAMP orbit is computed, the positions of which are used as pseudo-observations, for reference purposes; (2) a dynamic CHAMP orbit is fitted to the pseudo-observations using calibrated STAR measurements, which are saved in a data file containing all necessary information to derive density values; (3) the data file is used to compute density values at each orbit integration step, for which accurate terrestrial coordinates are available. This procedure was applied to 415 days of data over a total period of 21 months, yielding 1.2 million useful observations. The model predictions of DTM-2000 (EGS XXV General Assembly, Nice, France), DTM-94 (J. Geod. 72 (1998) 161) and MSIS-86 (J. Geophys. Res. 92 (1987) 4649) were evaluated by analysing the density ratios (i.e. “observed” to “computed” ratio) globally, and as functions of solar activity, geographical position and season. The global mean of the density ratios showed that the models underestimate density by 10-20%, with an rms of 16-20%. The binning as a function of local time revealed that the diurnal and semi-diurnal components are too strong in the DTM models, while all three models model the latitudinal gradient inaccurately. Using DTM-2000 as a priori, certain model coefficients were re-estimated using the STAR-derived densities, yielding the DTM-STAR test model. The mean and rms of the global density ratios of this preliminary model are 1.00 and 15%, respectively, while the tidal and latitudinal modelling errors become small. This test model is only representative of high solar activity conditions, while the seasonal effect is probably not estimated accurately due to correlation with the solar activity effect. At least one more year of data is required to separate the seasonal effect from the solar activity effect, and data taken under low solar activity conditions must also be assimilated to construct a model representative under all circumstances.     

利用中心差分法进行GPS定速时最佳点数的选取

分析了利用中心差分法进行GPS定速时的主要误差来源,证明了当数据采样率一定时,增加中心差分法的点数可减少微分过程中的截断误差,但同时会放大导出相位率的观测误差,得出中心差分法的最佳点数应使这两种误差之和最小的结论。实验结果表明,当数据采样间隔为1s、载体平均速度和加速度为20m.s-1和0.2m.s-2时,9个点的中心差分法定速精度最高。     

利用C波段转发数据实现GEO卫星轨道确定

为了提高我国卫星导航系统GEO卫星定轨能力,针对我国卫星导航系统所特有的新数据和新方法,利用CAPS系统的C波段转发式测距数据进行了单GEO卫星定轨实验.在分析该方法技术特点的基础上,从定轨残差和轨道重叠弧段比较等方面,对定轨结果进行了分析.由于设备转发时延是影响该方法定轨精度的重要因素,因此同时还分析了系统偏差对定轨精度的影响,得出了一些有益的结论.     

GPS网中基线边和观测时段的关系分析

GPS网布设过程中,如果测区面积较大、网形复杂,则经常需要计算各点的设站次数与各点相关的基线数目以便进行GPS网的图形设计和精度估算。而基线边数、观测时段数与接收机数量密切相关,本文通过分析得出了三者之间的关系的一般公式。     

利用GPS伪距导出的多普勒频移测速

推导了利用伪距观测值获取多普勒频移的公式,并利用导出的多普勒频移来确定载体的速度。实测数据表明,利用伪距导出的多普勒频移测速,可以达到dm/s级的水平。在没有原始多普勒观测值或者相位观测出现了频繁周跳的情况下,可以利用伪距导出的多普勒频移获得载体概略的速度信息。     

云的立体观测研究进展

对云的立体观测的研究历史做了回顾,按照具有代表性的观测平台的变化划分了4个发展阶段,分别予以介绍,内容包括典型平台、技术途径和特点、同步精度、云高指定精度等。重点介绍了双星联合观测的云高指定技术,分析了关键技术和可能存在的问题,为技术实现做了较好的准备。     

The Data Depth-weight-kernel Estimation of the Model Error of Satellite Orbit Determination

It is an objective fact that there exists error in the satellite dynamic model and it will be transferred to satellite orbit determination algorithm, forming a part of the connotative model error. Mixed with the systematic error and random error of the measurements, they form the unitive model error and badly restrict the precision of the orbit determination. We deduce in detail the equations of orbit improvement for a system with dynamic model error, construct the parametric model for the explicit part of the model and nonparametric model for the error that can not be explicitly described. We also construct the partially linear orbit determination model, estimate and fit the model error using a two-stage estimation and a kernel function estimation, and finally make the corresponding compensation in the orbit determination. Beginning from the data depth theory, a data depth weight kernel estimator for model error is proposed for the sake of promoting the steadiness of model error estimation. Simulation experiments of SBSS are performed. The results show clearly that the model error is one of the most important effects that will influence the precision of the orbit determination. The kernel function method can effectively estimate the model error, with the window width as a major restrict parameter. A data depth-weight-kernel estimation, however, can improve largely the robustness of the kernel function and therefore improve the precision of orbit determination.     

Multiple solutions in preliminary orbit determination from three observations

Charlier’s theory (1910) provides a geometric interpretation of the occurrence of multiple solutions in Laplace’s method of preliminary orbit determination, assuming geocentric observations. We introduce a generalization of this theory allowing to take into account topocentric observations, that is observations made from the surface of the rotating Earth. The generalized theory works for both Laplace’s and Gauss’ methods. We also provide a geometric definition of a curve that generalizes Charlier’s limiting curve, separating regions with a different number of solutions. The results are generically different from Charlier’s: they may change according to the value of a parameter that depends on the observations.     

微波消解等离子体发射光谱和石墨炉原子吸收光谱法联合测定土壤中多元素

采用密闭式微波消解系统处理土壤样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法或石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤样品中铜、砷、铅、锌、钴、铬、锰、镍、钒9个元素。分别从消解液的选择、用酸量及样品消解量等方面进行消解条件的优化,确定了一个最适合土壤消解的前处理体系。各元素的检出限为0.16～2.52μg/g,回收率为95.2%～106.6%,精密度为2.03%～9.79%(n=7)。方法简单快速,效率高,劳动强度低,是进行土壤中多元素测定的高效方法。     

波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定铜精矿中铜铅锌硫镁砷

采用偏硼酸锂和四硼酸锂混合熔剂熔融法制样,波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定铜精矿中铜、铅、锌、硫、镁、砷,考察了熔剂、玻璃化试剂和预氧化条件对制样的影响。采用理论α系数和经验系数相结合的方法校正元素间的效应。测定铜精矿试样各组分的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)均小于3%,结果与化学分析法吻合。