青藏高原退化高寒草甸生长季承载力

近年来,在气候变化和人类活动的共同影响下,青藏高原部分地区草场退化严重。在青藏高原北麓河流域多年冻土区选取中度退化及未退化高寒草甸,用热红外辐射器模拟气候变暖,研究草地退化和气候变化对生长季草场数量和营养承载力（可消化蛋白承载力和代谢能承载力）的影响。结果表明：（1）退化后,莎草科植物在群落中的重要值降低,而禾本科和杂草类植物重要值逐渐增加;（2）退化对植被地上生物量无显著影响,但退化伴随着气候变暖使地上生物量在6月和9月分别显著降低了（87.17±6.93） g·m^-2和（38.89±2.23） g·m^-2;（3）退化在6月和9月使牧草粗蛋白含量分别显著降低了29.15%和33.74%,但使牧草中酸性洗涤纤维含量分别显著增加了11.68%和15.34%,牧草品质下降明显;（4）退化伴随着气候变暖使数量承载力和代谢能承载力在6月分别降低了（2.63±0.21）、（6.94±0.55）羊单位·hm^-2,在9月分别降低了（1.17±0.07）、（3.1±0.17）羊单位·hm^-2。研究区草场代谢能承载力>可消化蛋白承载力>数量承载力。研究区生长季牧草营养供给充足,适宜承载力为数量承载力     

基于模拟退火和区域划分的海表流场反演算法研究

经典的海洋表面流场迭代反演算法采用固定的校正系数对探测区域进行整体分析和计算,因此耗时较长且反演精度也受到了一定程度的限制。本文提出利用模拟退火算法对反演过程中的校正系数进行优化,使其能根据每一次反演的结果进行自适应的调整和改变,从而减少迭代次数;同时根据流场分布的特点,提出划分探测区域的反演方法,最终,在经典算法的基础上给出了改进的海表流场反演算法。仿真反演实验结果表明,改进后的反演算法,其时效性和精度都有了明显提高。     

Adaptive hybrid global inversion algorithm

Most geophysical inversions can be regarded as multiparameter, nonlinear, and multiminimum discontinuous optimization problems. An adaptive hybrid global inversion algorithm based on simulated annealing, downhill simplex method, uniform design, and adaptive annealing rule is formulated. Numeral test and model computation show that this algorithm has very fast speed and high efficiency in searching for global minimum. Project sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49474232) and Special Foundation under the auspices of president of Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Mean Field Dynamos with Algebraic and Dynamic α-Quenchings

Calculations for mean field dynamo models (in both full spheres and spherical shells), with both algebraic and dynamic -quenchings, show qualitative as well as quantitative differences and similarities in the dynamical behaviour of these models. We summarise and enhance recent results with extra examples. Overall, the effect of using a dynamic appears to be complicated and is affected by the region of parameter space examined.     

What is a Poor Quality Strong-Motion Record?

Some accelerograms are affected by non-standard recording and digitization problems that mean they are often not used in strong-motion studies. These non-standard problems cannot be corrected by the standard processing techniques that remove low and high-frequency noise from the time-history. Records from analogue instruments are more prone to these problems but even records from digital instruments, which are becoming increasingly common, can be affected by such errors. Since all strong-motion data is valuable it is important to know whether any useful information can be obtained from accelerograms that are affected by such problems. This article examines whether strong-motion records from analogue instruments that are missing their initial part due to late triggering of the instrument and also strong-motion records from digital instruments with low A/D converter resolution can be used for response spectral studies. It is found, by simulating such errors on high-quality strong-motion records, that good response spectral ordinates can be obtained from such `poor-quality' records within the period range of most engineering interest. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

改进模拟退火法在估计河流水质参数中的应用

将模拟退火法应用于求解分析河流水团示踪试验数据，确定河流水质参数的函数优化问题。针对标准SA算法收敛速度缓慢的弱点，采取了增加附加约束条件、设置内阈值提前降温和增加记忆功能等综合措施对算法进行了改进。算例表明，综合改进措施能够明显地提高算法收敛速度，并可以得到满意的参数计算结果。计算结果也表明，内循环次数不会对外循环次数产生明显的影响。由于算法对目标函数没有附加要求，而且算法的收敛性与待估参数的初值无关，因此，改进SA算法在分析河流水质试验数据、确定水质参数方面．将会具有非常广的应用范围。     

模拟黄河水的声衰减测量

对两种含沙量(8.28千克/米~3和31.56千克/米~3)的模拟黄河水进行了在不同频率(3.2—20千赫)下的声衰减测量。结果表明:声衰减系数与频率之间基本上成线性关系,其斜率与含沙量有关。     

风浪波高和周期的联合概率密度分布

本文采用有代表性的44008美国国家浮标站2003年1～3月实测的海浪谱密度资料,选取三次大风过程进行风浪谱分析。通过对实测平均海浪谱与PM谱、JONSWAP谱及Torsethaugen谱的比较,得到PM谱拟和最好。然后用国际上最先进的随机波分析方法,根据协方差矩阵的循环嵌套技术,以实测平均谱与PM谱为靶谱,对随机波面进行模拟。得到由模拟波面统计的特征值及估计的谱与实测谱结果极为相近,谱峰及谱峰频率都基本一致。说明利用模拟波面研究海浪具有代表性,它可以反映实测海浪的特征。利用Longuet-Higgins(1983)模型计算波高-周期联合概率密度分布,得到变换高斯过程计算的波高、周期联合分布与实测情况基本相同,更好地描述了波高-周期联合概率密度分布。     

面向生态的额尔齐斯河水库群中长期调度

为解决水库群中长期生态调度问题,以新疆额尔齐斯河流域为研究对象,构建了水库调度的网络节点图,建立了面向生态的水库群中长期调度模拟和优化两种模型,分别采用历时水量平衡的自迭代模拟优化算法和大系统协调的动态规划方法求解。结果表明,中长期模拟和优化调度结果均满足流域水资源综合利用、生态供水及相应保证率要求,且优化调度模型计算的河道内外生态供水、北疆供水、农业供水等均优于模拟模型。同时,揭示了来水与生态供水的关系,制定了关键水库的生态调度图,建立了调度函数并通过合理性检验。研究成果对额尔齐斯河水资源综合利用、保障河道鱼类栖息地、河谷林草的生态安全提供了中长期战略支持,具有重要的理论意义与应用价值。