Incorporating Information About Edge Effects When Simulating Lithofacies

Some years ago, earth scientists came to realize that knowing more about the geology of an orebody or an oil reservoir makes it easier to make the appropriate decisions concerning mine planning or reservoir exploitation. Geostatistical techniques for simulating lithofacies—that is, the geometry of the geology—were developed as a result of this. These methods should be able to produce geological images that respect not only the anisotropies of the different lithofacies but also their spatial layout relative to one another. While indicator variograms ensure that anisotropies are respected, another tool needs to be incorporated in the simulation technique to reflect the relative spatial layout of the different lithofacies. We propose to use the concept of edge effects that define the position of one lithofacies relative to another. Simple tests using direct and cross indicator variograms confirm the presence or absence of edge effects. We investigate if and how edge effect information can be incorporated in the different indicator simulation techniques—sequential indicator simulations, simulated annealing, the truncated Gaussian method and plurigaussian simulations. Results show that the choice of simulation method must be guided by the edge effect characteristics of the experimental lithologic data.     

钻机转盘用大型推力轴承淬火工艺分析及改进

工程钻机及水井钻机转盘用大型推力轴承的加工比较困难,存在淬火变形问题,分析了轴承圈的淬火工艺及淬火变形产生的主要原因,通过设计心用简易淬火压床,改进淬火工艺,减小了轴承圈的变形,提高了制造质量。     

不同pH水环境下土变形特性的试验研究

涉及水土化学作用的研究,以往更多观注水土作用的极限状态—污染土等方面的研究,而忽略处在常态即常温、常压、缓变异的水化学环境中的城市区域土体稳定性研究,在这种环境中,影响土体稳定的要素—土体细观结构扮演着重要的角色,而其对诸如宏观现象—地面沉降、土洞的产生都有重要影响。理论与实践分析表明,在常态水环境下,土结构的破裂面并不是通过颗粒本身,而是通过颗粒、颗粒集合体与集合体之间粒间连接结。本文从易被忽略的化学作用角度、侧重分析水土作用中的化学作用、通过土细观结构这个桥梁进行水土化学相互作用分析,针对不同pH水环境下土的宏观变形过程进行试验,展示了土体宏观变形特性,试验证实土的细观结构是水土化学作用发生与发展的“平台”和主要场所。     

模拟退火法及其在抗差估计中的应用

抗差估计结果的好坏与初值的选取密切相关。当迭代初值偏离较大时,ρ函数不是严凸时,采取的选权迭代法往往不能获得全局最优值,而只能得到局部的最优解。本文提出一种新的抗差估计求解过程,即把它看作是关于未知参数的全局最优化问题,应用模拟退火法进行求解。计算结果表明:相对于传统的选权迭代法,模拟退火法对初值的选取不敏感,能给出全局最优值。     

组合图像模拟和精配准的星载SAR图像正射校正

本文给出了一种采用DEM模拟出的影像和星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)精配准策略的正射校正方法。首先根据DEM数据采用距离-多普勒模型和经验公式模拟出SAR图像,然后分别采用Harris算子和互信息匹配的方法提取模拟图像和实际SAR图像上的同名特征点,并根据这些特征点构建的不规则三角网(TIN)实现模拟SAR图像和实际SAR图像的精确配准。最后将星载SAR图像通过实际图像和模拟图像的精确配准关系以及模拟图像和DEM数据之间的对应关系校正到DEM所在的地理坐标中,实现SAR图像的正射校正。     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Quorum-sensing of bacteria and its application

Quorum sensing, or auto induction, as a cell density dependent signaling mechanism in many microorganisms, is triggered via auto inducers which passively diffuse across the bacterial envelope and therefore intracellulaly accumulate only at higher bacterial densities to regulate specialized processes such as genetic competence, bioluminescence, virulence and sporulation. N-acyl homoserine lactones are the most common type of signal molecules. Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food-producing industries, but disease outbreaks caused by pathogenic bacteria are a significant constraint on the development of the sector worldwide. Many of these pathogens have been found to be controlled by their quorum sensing systems. As there is relevance between the pathogenic bacteria’s virulence factor expression and their auto inducers, quorum quenching is a new effective anti-infective strategy to control infections caused by bacterial pathogens in aquaculture. The techniques used to do this mainly include the following: (1) the inhibition of signal molecule biosynthesis, (2) blocking signal transduction, and (3) chemical inactivation and biodegradation of signal molecules. To provide a basis for finding alternative means of controlling aquatic diseases by quorum quenching instead of treatment by antibiotics and disinfectants, we will discuss the examination, purification and identification of auto inducers in this paper.     

广东梅县嵩溪Ag（Sb）矿床特征及成因探讨

广东梅县嵩溪Ａｇ（Ｓｂ）矿床,位于广东东北部、蕉梅凹陷区内,中生代寨岗上火山喷发沉积盆地的北部边缘外侧。本文在研究矿床特征的基础上,着重研究了矿床成因特征,并做了成矿模拟实验,提出了该矿床是一个火山喷流沉积－热液改造的大型Ａｇ（Ｓｂ）矿床。火山喷流沉积大约发生于１５４Ｍａ（相当于下侏罗统）,热液改造发生在上侏罗统大规模火山活动时期,是一个具有重要经济价值和理论意义的低温Ａｇ矿床。     

应用Cotton2k模型模拟北疆棉花生长结果的分析

Cotton2k模拟模型是一个动态模型,能在生理过程水平上模拟棉花的生长发育和产量形成。通过应用棉花生产管理系统(GOSSYM/COMAY)中一种机理性很强的棉花生长模拟模型Cotton2k,对新疆北部地区棉花的生长状况进行模拟。从生育期的模拟结果分析得出除60%吐絮期误差较大外,其他生育期的模拟结果非常好;从形态发育模拟和实测结果比较表明:形态发育在花铃期前基本吻合;各器官干物质重的模拟和实测结果比较表明:除叶重误差较大外,其他的模拟结果较为满意,特别是植株干重的模拟可以作为精准农业水肥诊断的依据;植株中氮浓度的模拟误差较大,其原因分析有二:(1)棉花在生长发育过程中本身的生物学特性决定了每个生育期对不同肥的吸收量值不同,导致模拟值与观测值有差异;(2)在播种前应对试验地的肥力进行测定,使原始含N量的差异排除,会对模拟结果的精度有所提高。各层土壤含水量的模拟结果表明:耕作层0~45的土壤水分含量差异较大,但是45 cm以下土层的土壤含水量模拟结果与实测值基本吻合;不同水肥处理方式下的产量模拟结果和实测结果比较,产量模拟的误差较大。     

华北山区坡地产流规律试验研究

人工模拟降雨是研究坡地产流规律的一种有效手段。在华北石质山区东台沟流域的5m×10m的坡面径流小区中,进行了13场不同雨强和历时的人工模拟降雨试验,并同步监测了降雨、地表径流、壤中流、风化带出流和土壤含水量。结果表明,各层出流过程均呈现起涨与回落迅速的特点;相比较而言,地表径流和壤中流的退水很快,而风化带出流的退水则相对缓慢。地表径流量是研究小区内总径流的主要组成部分,其占了总径流量的60%以上,在大雨强下甚至能超过90%。径流系数主要受雨强、降雨量、土壤前期含水量的影响,它们的多元线性回归关系式为琢=0.002P 0.182i 4.88Wa-0.821。地表径流、壤中流、风化带的出流滞时与降雨强度均符合幂函数关系。可将退水常数分为2层,计算得到地表径流退水常数为0.75,壤中流和基岩风化带出流的退水常数为0.94;研究区主要以超渗产流方式为主,可以用Horton模型来描述,在不同雨强下均监测到了约0.10mm/min的深层渗漏,该值可以认为是该区的稳定入渗率。     

蒙脱石吸附模拟核素Sr、Cs的性能研究

基于蒙脱石具有良好的阳离子交换性能,采用静态吸附法,对阜新钙基蒙脱石吸附模拟核素Sr、Cs的吸附条件和吸附行为进行了研究。结果表明:蒙脱石样品对Sr2+、Cs+的饱和吸附量分别为0.271mmol/g和0.780mmol/g,在较大的pH值范围(4～11)内具有良好的吸附稳定性;蒙脱石对Sr2+、Cs+的吸附类型以阳离子交换吸附为主,符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型,但与Langmuir吻合更好,相关系数分别达到0.99924和0.99995。本实验研究对于处理低浓度的含Sr、Cs放射性废液具有重要的意义。