The Tongliao MS5.3 Earthquake and Its Foreshock Determination

Taking the 2013 Tongliao MS5. 3 earthquake as a research subject, on the basis of statistical analysis of earthquake sequence using the HypoDD location method and focal mechanism solutions,the paper analyzes and discusses the relationship between the ML4. 4 and MS5. 3 earthquakes. The results show that the Tongliao MS5. 3 earthquake occurred under the background of medium-small earthquakes long-term quiescence and short-term enhancement in the epicentral area. The results of accurate seismic location shows that the Tongliao MS5. 3 earthquake sequence is distributed in the NW direction,extending 10 km,and the ML≥3. 0 aftershocks are concentrated south of the mainshock. The distance between the MS5. 3 mainshock and the ML4. 4 foreshock is about 1. 8 km,with a focal depth of 7. 208 km and 7. 089 km,respectively,their focal location is very close,and may have occurred on the same fault plane. The results of focal mechanism shows that the Tongliao MS5. 3 earthquake is of the strike-slip type,the focal mechanism of aftershocks are disordered,and with time lapse,the type is changed from strike-slip to thrust and normal faulting. The bigger foreshocks had similar focal mechanism and were all normal fault types,which exhibits to some extent,an obvious crustal medium anisotropy in the epicentral area before macroscopic rupturing,as represented by alignment fractures,with stress action enhanced,this"consistency"of seismic precursor regime would gestate the mainshock. According to the characteristics of temporal-spatial distribution of earthquake sequence and similarity of focal mechanism,we judge that the Tongliao MS5. 3 earthquake sequence is a foreshock-mainshock-aftershock type.     

Relocation of the MS5.7 Earthquake Sequence in Songyuan, Jilin Province, 2018 and the Analysis of Its Seismogenic Structure

The 2018,Songyuan,Jilin M_S5. 7 earthquake occurred at the intersection of the FuyuZhaodong fault and the Second Songhua River fault. The moment magnitude of this earthquake is M_W5. 3,the centroid depth by the waveform fitting is 12 km,and it is a strike-slip type event. In this paper,with the seismic phase data provided by the China Earthquake Network, the double-difference location method is used to relocate the earthquake sequence,finally the relocation results of 60 earthquakes are obtained. The results show that the aftershock zone is about 4. 3km long and 3. 1km wide,which is distributed in the NE direction. The depth distribution of the seismic sequence is 9km-10 km. 1-2 days after the main shock,the aftershocks were scattered throughout the aftershock zone,and the largest aftershock occurred in the northeastern part of the aftershock zone. After 3-8 days,the aftershocks mainly occurred in the southwestern part of the aftershock zone. The profile distribution of the earthquake sequence shows that the fault plane dips to the southeast with the dip angle of about 75°. Combined with the regional tectonic setting,focal mechanism solution and intensity distribution,we conclude that the concealed fault of the Fuyu-Zhaodong fault is the seismogenic fault of the Songyuan M_S5. 7 earthquake. This paper also relocates the earthquake sequence of the previous magnitude 5. 0 earthquake in 2017. Combined with the results of the focal mechanism solution,we believe that the two earthquakes have the same seismogenic structure,and the earthquake sequence generally develops to the southwest. The historical seismic activity since 2009 shows that after the magnitude 5. 0 earthquake in 2017,the frequency and intensity of earthquakes in the earthquake zone are obviously enhanced,and attention should be paid to the development of seismic activity in the southwest direction of the earthquake zone.     

山西运城Ms4.3、3.4两次地震波形特征和震源新参数对比分析

对山西运城2016年3月12日Ms4.3和27日Ms3.4两次地震的波形特征和震源参数进行对比分析。结果显示,波形一致性很好,PmP波可能由于震源深度的差异,导致在同一台站的特征有所不同;震源机制解非常接近,说明两次地震的应力场作用方式一致。     

基于震源机制解的鄂霍次克微板块东部俯冲带地区构造应力场反演

基于国际地震中心(ISC)提供的1970年1月～2016年12月期间的地震震源机制解,对鄂霍次克微板块东部俯冲带地区进行了应力张量反演,得到了日本海沟、千岛海沟和勘察加海沟3个俯冲带区域的构造应力场特征。研究结果显示:①海沟地区浅部区域(h100km)的水平主压应力轴与西北太平洋板块的俯冲方位一致,与海沟走向近似垂直,其洋壳一侧以拉张型应力状态为主,而陆壳一侧则以挤压型应力为主,且在弧后区域均存在拉张的应力状态;80～200km深度范围区域表现出双地震带"Ⅰ"型构造应力场特征。②日本海沟带由于俯冲角相对较小(相比于千岛海沟和勘察加海沟),水平方向沿NWW向延伸更远,大洋板块与上覆板块之间耦合更加强烈,逆冲型地震发生数量最多。③对于深部区域(h300km),千岛地区应力场表现出非均匀性特征,可能是由地幔阻力导致的;而勘察加地区应力场表现出拉张型,可能是因为俯冲板片的拉伸拖曳作用更强。     

甲醛溶液对发头裸腹溞及其体表聚缩虫影响的试验

不同浓度的甲醛溶液对枝角类发头裸腹溲Ｍｏｄｉｎａｉｒｒａｓａ的致毒效应以及对其体表附着的聚缩虫Ｚｏｏｔｈａｍｉｕｍｓｐ．的杀灭效果的试验结果表明,１２ｈ、２４ｈ两俱和用时段中,甲醛浓度与发头裸腹溲相对存活率之间以及甲醛浓度与发头裸腹溲体表聚缩虫营养体脱落率之间存在一定的函数关系。     

2017年8月9日精河MS6.6地震序列震源机制解及震源处应力场特征

基于新疆测震台网的宽频带观测记录,利用CAP方法反演2017年8月9日精河M_S6.6地震及早期14次M_S≥3.0余震的震源机制解,应用MSATSI软件反演震源处应力场。结果表明,此次地震为逆断型,结合震源机制解和附近地质构造背景,推断此次地震的发震构造为库松木契克山前断裂的东段,节面Ⅰ走向89°,倾角43°,滑动角91°为发震断层面。14次余震中有11次为逆断型地震,1次为正断型地震,2次为走滑型地震。P轴在近NS向有明显的优势分布且倾角较小,T轴倾角较陡,表明震源处主要以近NS方向的水平挤压作用为主。反演得到的震源深度分布在12~21 km,深度优势分布为15~20 km,略小于主震的震源深度21 km。应力场的反演结果与震源机制参数统计结果一致,均显示震源处主要受近NS向水平应力场控制。     

Perfectly matched layer boundary conditions for the second-order acoustic wave equation solved by the rapid expansion method

We derive a governing second-order acoustic wave equation in the time domain with a perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition for general inhomogeneous media. Besides, a new scheme to solve the perfectly matched layer equation for absorbing reflections from the model boundaries based on the rapid expansion method is proposed. The suggested scheme can be easily applied to a wide class of wave equations and numerical methods for seismic modelling. The absorbing boundary condition method is formulated based on the split perfectly matched layer method and we employ the rapid expansion method to solve the derived new perfectly matched layer equation. The use of the rapid expansion method allows us to extrapolate wavefields with a time step larger than the ones commonly used by traditional finite-difference schemes in a stable way and free of dispersion noise. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed perfectly matched layer scheme, numerical modelling examples are also presented. The numerical results obtained with the put forward perfectly matched layer scheme are compared with results from traditional attenuation absorbing boundary conditions and enlarged models as well. The analysis of the numerical results indicates that the proposed perfectly matched layer scheme is significantly effective and more efficient in absorbing spurious reflections from the model boundaries.     

Automatic stacking‐velocity estimation using similarity‐weighted clustering

Local seismic event slopes contain subsurface velocity information and can be used to estimate seismic stacking velocity. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to estimate the stacking velocity automatically from seismic reflection data using similarity‐weighted k‐means clustering, in which the weights are local similarity between each trace in common midpoint gather and a reference trace. Local similarity reflects the local signal‐to‐noise ratio in common midpoint gather. We select the data points with high signal‐to‐noise ratio to be used in the velocity estimation with large weights in mapped traveltime and velocity domain by similarity‐weighted k‐means clustering with thresholding. By using weighted k‐means clustering, we make clustering centroids closer to those data points with large weights, which are more reliable and have higher signal‐to‐noise ratio. The interpolation is used to obtain the whole velocity volume after we have got velocity points calculated by weighted k‐means clustering. Using the proposed method, one obtains a more accurate estimate of the stacking velocity because the similarity‐based weighting in clustering takes into account the signal‐to‐noise ratio and reliability of different data points in mapped traveltime and velocity domain. In order to demonstrate that, we apply the proposed method to synthetic and field data examples, and the resulting images are of higher quality when compared with the ones obtained using existing methods.     

基于StarFire星站差分GPS系统的精密静态解研究

针对StarFire星站差分GPS系统静态观测定位结果存在收敛和发散现象,提出了直接平均法、平均中位法和密度中位法以获取其精密静态解。平均中位法考虑了收敛和发散过程,其计算结果要优于直接平均法;但由于没有相应的收敛点和观测点定位模型,平均中位法获取的精密静态解存在一定的不确定性;基于观测值密度分布的密度中位法不需要确定收敛点和发散点,就能得到精密静态解。实例表明,当观测环境相对稳定,观测过程没有明显的收敛和发散现象时,直接平均法、平均中位法和密度中位法的精密静态解基本相同,密度中位法略优;当观测环境差,观测过程出现明显收敛和发散现象时,密度中位法最优,平均中位法次之。     

Study on three independent parameters of focal mechanism solution

In this paper, the relationships of the plunges and azimuths of T and P axes versus the strikes, dips, and rakes of two seismic nodal planes were derived to provide reference for earthquake researchers. The independence of the plunges and azimuths of T, B, and P axes in focal mechanism solution was discussed, and it was concluded that three parameters, i.e., the azimuths of T, B and P axes, are completely independent. The focal mechanism solution representation based on Euler rotation was introduced, using three Euler angles in place of the plunges and azimuths of T, B, and P axes, and three focal mechanism solution representations were briefly compared and analyzed in respect of accuracy on the basis of the assumption of rounding; it was concluded that the Euler angle representation has better accuracy, compared with the azimuth representation and the traditional representation with T, B, and P axes.