动力变形条件下Au迁移、富集的构造地球化学实验研究

对海南二甲金矿和广东河台金矿形成的动力学条件进行了一系列的构造地球化学模拟实验。结果表明，动力变形中发生了明显的力学—化学耦合作用。云母矿物变形强烈，塑性变形，定向拉长显著。黑云母发生了褪色作用，从褐色变成浅褐色甚至无色；白云母干涉色从鲜艳的蓝色变为黄色，甚至无色。随试验温度、压力条件的升高，岩石、矿物从脆性变形向塑性变形演变。动力变形还使岩石和矿物中的元素呈现化学迁移和富集作用：云母矿物中的杂质容量降低，导致铁质释放；硫化物矿物的反射率增高，成矿元素特别是Au在其不同部位发生一定的变化。自然金颗粒在析出过程中，与Si、Fe分离而纯化。动力变形中成矿元素(特别是Au)的迁移、富集等效应是通过压溶作用实现。     

Analysis of the Major Fe Bearing Mineral Phases in Recent Lake Sediments by EXAFS Spectroscopy

Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and chemical analyses were combined to determine the Fe bearing minerals in recent lake sediments from Baldeggersee (Switzerland). The upper section of a laminated sediment core, deposited under eutrophic conditions, was compared to the lower part from an oligotrophic period. Qualitative analysis of FeK EXAFS agreed well with chemical data: In the oligotrophic section Fe(II)–O and Fe(III)–O specieswere present, whereas a significant fraction of Fe(II)–S sulfides was strongly indicated in the eutrophic part. A statistical analysis was performed by least square fitting of normalized reference spectra. The set of reference minerals included Fe(III) oxides and Fe(II) sulfides, carbonates and phosphates. In the oligotrophic regime no satisfying fit was obtained using the set of reference spectra, indicating that siderite (FeCO₃) was not present in a significant amount in these carbonate-rich sediments. Simulated EXAFS spectra for a(Ca_x, Fe_1-x)CO₃solid solution allowed reconstructing the specificfeatures of the experimental spectra, suggesting that this phase was the dominant Fe carrier in the oligotrophic section of the core. In the eutrophic part, mackinawite was positively identified and represented the dominant Fe(II) sulfide phase. This finding agreed with chemical extraction, which indicated that18–40 mol% of Fe was contained in the acid volatile iron sulfide fraction. EXAFS spectra of the eutrophic section were best fitted by considering the admixture of mackinawite and the Fe–Ca carbonate phase inferred to be predominant in the oligotrophic regime.     

Geodetic control on recent tectonic movements in the central Mediterranean area

During the Neogene and Quaternary, the western Mediterranean geodynamics was apparently dominated by the nearly eastward migration of the Apenninic arc and the associated opening (spreading) of the back-arc basin (Tyrrhenian Sea). However, during the last 5 My, the collision of the arc with the Apulian platform led to a dramatic change in the tectonic setting of the area. As geological processes require a long period of time to register the displacements of the different blocks, it is indispensable to take into account the present-day motion given by space geodesy data analysis in order to better constrain the geological models.Geodetic motions were derived from Global Positioning System (GPS), Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations collected from different networks. All the geodetic solutions have been computed and combined at the Centre of Space Geodesy (CGS), at Matera, Italy.The geodetic results show a NNE motion of the Adriatic plate with a small component of counter-clockwise rotation, in good agreement with the geological and geophysical observations.In the southern Tyrrhenian area, the lengthening of the Matera–Cagliari baseline should imply that convergence cannot be considered as the driving mechanism for the Apenninic subduction process. The estimated motion of Noto is in quite good agreement with the estimated motion of the African plate.     

电子商务的优势及其在地矿领域的发展对策

通阐明了电子商务的起源、特征和优势，以及我国电子商务现状及发展中存在的主要问题，提出了解决这些问题的主要对策，并对地质矿产领域电子商务提出了发展对策。     

Combined Method of Datum Transformation Between Different Coordinate Systems

The similarity transformation model between different coordinate systems is not accurate enough to describe the discrepancy of them.Therefore,the coordinate transformation from the coordinate frame with poor accuracy to that with high accuracy caanot guarantee a high precision of transformation.In this paper,a combined method of similarity tranformation and regressive approximating is presented.The local error accumulation and distortion are taken into consideration and the precision of coordinate system is improved by using the recommended method.     

济阳坳陷油田卤水溶解金属元素的初步实验研究

本文用模拟实验方法研究了不同水型的油田卤水在低温（40－150℃）条件下对金、银等金属元素的溶解和迁移作用，以及不同络阴离了对金属元素溶解迁移的贡献。结果表明，油田卤水促进了含油气盆地中Au、Ag、Pb、Zn元素的淋滤、溶解和迁移，起到了成矿流体的作用，从而积极参与了沉积改造矿床的成矿作用。CaCl2型油田卤水易溶解Pb、Zn，而NaHCO3型油田卤水溶解Au、Ag的能力较强。在油田卤水中HS^-及SO4^2-离子对Au、Ag元素的络合能力强，而乙酸根离子及HS^-(或S^2-）易络合Pb、Zn元素。     

斜方顽火辉石-正铁辉石固溶体出溶机制的研究

通过组成－自由能关系曲线的分析，提出斜方顽火辉石－正铁辉石（MgSiO3-FeSiO3)固溶体出溶的临界温度约为753K；组成XFe为0.82左右的富铁辉石固溶体处于介稳态，出溶作用有利于系统自由能降低；出溶作用是以Fe^2 、Mg^2 离子逆扩散的方式进行的；出溶作用的推动力是上凸区域介稳相与平衡相之间的化学位差。     

Measurements Of Thermal Updraft Intensity Over Complex Terrain Using American White Pelicans And A Simple Boundary-Layer Forecast Model

An examination of boundary-layer meteorological and avian aerodynamic theories suggests that soaring birds can be used to measure the magnitude of vertical air motions within the boundary layer. These theories are applied to obtain mixed-layer normalized thermal updraft intensity over both flat and complex terrain from the climb rates of soaring American white pelicans and from diagnostic boundary-layer model-produced estimates of the boundary-layer depth z_i and the convective velocity scale w_*. Comparison of the flatland data with the profiles of normalized updraft velocity obtained from previous studies reveals that the pelican-derived measurements of thermal updraft intensity are in close agreement with those obtained using traditional research aircraft and large eddy simulation (LES) in the height range of 0.2 to 0.8 z_i. Given the success of this method, the profiles of thermal vertical velocity over the flatland and the nearby mountains are compared. This comparison shows that these profiles are statistically indistinguishable over this height range, indicating that the profile for thermal updraft intensity varies little over this sample of complex terrain. These observations support the findings of a recent LES study that explored the turbulent structure of the boundary layer using a range of terrain specifications. For terrain similar in scale to that encountered in this study, results of the LES suggest that the terrain caused less than an 11% variation in the standard deviation of vertical velocity.     

Similarity Scaling Of Surface-Released Smoke Plumes

Concentration fluctuation data from surface-layer released smokeplumes have been investigated with the purpose of finding suitable scaling parametersfor the corresponding two-particle, relative diffusion process.Dispersion properties have been measured at downwind ranges between 0.1 and 1 km from a continuous, neutrally buoyant ground level source. A combinationof SF₆ and chemical smoke (aerosols) was used as tracer. Instantaneous crosswind concentration profiles of high temporal (up to 55 Hz) and spatialresolution (down to 0.375 m) were obtained from aerosol-backscatter Lidar detectionin combination with simultaneous gas chromatograph (SF₆) reference measurements. The database includes detailed crosswind concentration fluctuation measurements. Each experiment, typically of 1/2-hour duration, containsplume mean and variance concentration profiles, intermittency profiles andexceedence and duration statistics. The diffusion experiments were accompanied by detailed in-situ micrometeorological mean and turbulence measurements. In this paper, a new distance-neighbour function for surface-released smoke plumes is proposed, accompanied by experimental evidence in its support. The new distance-neighbour function is found to scale with the surface-layer friction velocity,and not with the inertial subrange dissipation rate, over the range of distance-neighbour separations considered.