GRACE时变重力数据后处理方法评价

针对GRACE Level2卫星时变重力数据后处理方法如何评价的问题,该文以中国数字地震观测网络获得的青藏高原地区地面重力变化图像为参考,基于平均结构相似性等图像相似度指标,研究了与该区域地面重力观测同期、不同后处理方法得到的GRACE卫星重力变化图像的可靠性。结果显示,GRACE卫星重力和地面重力观测结果具有一定的可比性,滑动窗口去相关滤波和高斯400 km滤波的组合方法可以获得最优的处理效果。本文的方法和结论对GRACE及GRACE Follow-On卫星重力数据应用中后处理方法和参数的选取有一定的借鉴意义。     

河南栾川百炉沟铅锌矿床地质、流体包裹体和稳定同位素地球化学

百炉沟矿床是近年来在盛产斑岩_矽卡岩型钼矿床的河南栾川地区新发现的一处铅锌矿床,位于豫西南牛心剁穹状背斜之西侧,与栾川地区的南泥湖、三道庄、上房沟、马圈等斑岩型及斑岩_矽卡岩型钼矿床相毗邻。矿体呈脉状、板状产在中元古界变质碳酸盐岩-碎屑岩层中,受NWW向层间断裂构造控制。矿石由闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿、石英、方解石等矿物组成。矿石中石英和闪锌矿所捕获的原生流体包裹体有富液体气液两相包裹体、富气体气液两相包裹体、纯气体包裹体、含子矿物三相包裹体等4种类型,邻近分布,其均一温度相近,表明成矿过程中可能存在流体沸腾作用。气液两相包裹体的均一温度为180～327℃,以中温（250～260℃）为主;盐度 w (NaCl_eq)为4.0%～14.0%,以5.0%～9.0%为主;依据均一温度峰值所对应的压力（38.94～44.87 MPa）,求得成矿深度为1.44～1.66 km。表明该矿床明显具有浅成、中温、低盐度热液成矿的特征。单个流体包裹体的气相成分至少有纯H₂O蒸汽、N₂+CO₂+CH₄、N₂+CO₂和N₂+CH₄等4种组合。矿石中石英和方解石内包裹体水的δD_V-SMOW为-76‰～-90‰,方解石的δ¹³C_V-PDB为-0.44‰～1.80‰,选取所对应的流体包裹体均一温度,计算得到包裹体水的δ¹⁸O_水为2.51‰～10.96‰,反映出成矿流体的主体为岩浆热液。矿石中硫化物的δ³⁴S_V-CDT为-1.2‰～10.9‰,其峰值（1‰～2‰）与该地区斑岩型钼矿床中的硫化物相近,指示其具有岩浆来源硫的特征。矿石中硫化物²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=17.552～18.426,²⁰⁷Pb/^{204Pb=15.451～15.5794,208Pb/204Pb=38.264～39.637,反映出成矿金属主要来自于岩浆,有少量地层岩石铅的加入。百炉沟铅锌矿床应属受层间构造控制的中温岩浆热液充填-交代矿床。}     

软土地基中基坑渗透破坏机理和对策

软土地基中基坑渗流诱发的土体破坏是引起基坑工程事故的一个重要因素。针对基坑工程渗流问题的特殊性,探讨了基坑渗透破坏的机理。结合基坑工程典型工况,阐述了进行渗流控制研究的重要意义,讨论了渗流控制的关键问题,对于深基坑的工程施工具有重要的指导意义。     

从硫酸锂粗矿中分离富集锂的实验研究

针对从西藏查波措盐湖卤水中获得的硫酸锂粗矿,开展从该矿物中分离提取锂的研究。根据该矿物的组成,设计了去除与锂离子共存的镁、硫酸根等主要离子的工艺路线,通过除镁、硫酸根、钙等过程和蒸发浓缩、结晶分离等步骤,得到了杂质离子含量较低的富锂溶液。实验对除镁步骤的加水量、加料方式、反应时间、Ca O加入量等反应关键控制因素进行了考察,确定了较优的分离条件。     

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Study on deformation law of circular foundation under combined loading

The foundations of some ocean engineering structures are built to withstand not only the vertical gravity load V, but also the horizontal load H induced by sea waves and current. The horizontal load includes the concentrated force load, the moment load M, and the torque load T termed also as combined loading. It is of academic and engineering significance to study the deformation law of submarine seabed due to combined loading. On the basis of the three-dimensional elastic mechanics solution of circular foundation, numerical methods are used to analyze the deformation law of submarine soil under circular foundation with six degrees of freedom. The finite element analysis results give the elastic deformation law of soil in three dimensional spaces, modify the theoretical elasticity solution, and presents nonlinear soil deformation mechanism under the circular foundation with six degrees of freedom.     

一次强台风引发的沧州沿海风暴潮过程及成因分析

文章利用沧州海洋站观测资料对本次台风风暴潮过程进行分析,发现天文高潮时沧州沿海出现了远超警戒潮位的高潮位,而后"达维"中心带来的东北大风使沧州沿海风暴增水值达到最大。对建国以来6次北上影响沧州的致灾台风进行了路径相似分析,获取影响台风风暴潮强度的重要因素,可为研究本地区台风风暴潮规律,提高预警报准确度,减少风暴潮灾害带来的损失提供经验和参考。     

Sedimentary stylolite networks and connectivity in limestone: Large-scale field observations and implications for structure evolution

Stylolites are rough surfaces, formed by localized rock dissolution, and prevalent in carbonates and other sedimentary rocks. Their impact on porosity and permeability, and capacity to accommodate compactive strain, are well documented. This paper presents a meso-scale field study on sedimentary stylolites in carbonates, characterizing large-scale distributions of stylolites, including measurements conducted on longer than kilometer-long stylolites. Our field study suggests that on large scales connections between stylolites become important. Since connectivity, and also lack of connectivity, are expected to play a significant role in strain accommodation and hydraulic rock properties, we suggest that large-scale analysis may require a new characterization scheme for “stylolite populations”, based on their connectivity. We therefore divide sedimentary stylolite populations into three end-member types, which are correlated with the three possibilities for percolation of such systems: isolated stylolites (with zero percolation/connectivity), long-parallel stylolites (with 2-dimensional percolation/connectivity), and interconnected stylolite networks (with 3-dimensional percolation/connectivity). New statistical parameters and measures are devised and used to quantitatively characterize the different population types. Schematic mechanistic models are then offered to explain the evolution of the three end-member connectivity-classes. In addition we discuss the effect on fluid flow of the different population types.     

Semi-analytical solution to one-dimensional consolidation for viscoelastic unsaturated soils

This paper presents a semi-analytical solution to one-dimensional consolidation of viscoelastic unsaturated soils with a finite thickness under oedometric conditions and subjected to a sudden loading. The solution is obtained by using Lee’s correspondence principle based on the semi-analytical solution to one-dimensional consolidation of elastic unsaturated soils. The boundary contains the top surface permeable to water and air and the bottom impermeable to water and air. A typical example is given to show the evolution of excess pore-air and pore-water pressures as well as the total degree of consolidation of the soil layer with time for different ratios of air–water permeability coefficient, elastic modulus and viscoelastic coefficient. The one-dimensional consolidation behavior of viscoelastic unsaturated soil is discussed according to the semi-analytical solution. These results contribute to a better understanding of the consolidation behavior of viscoelastic unsaturated soils.