二元羧酸对硅酸盐矿物溶解的实验初步研究

本实验在80℃水浴中和常压条件下,用0.1mol/L草酸及其中性钠盐溶液分别与石英和正长石颗粒共热240h。石英和正长石都发生不同程度的溶解。实验后的岩石颗粒,重量明显减少。溶液中Si,Al等主要造岩元素含量增加。对实验后的颗粒进行电子扫描显微镜观察,表面形貌有了较大变化,表明溶蚀不仅对次生孔隙绝对加大,而且对改变孔洞的流通喉道性质亦有贡献。     

高压下滑石的脱水实验研究

本实验由等化学计量的混合氧化物在高温高压下合成滑石之后,使温度继续升高,同时测定了不同压力下滑石的脱水温度、获得了合成滑石的脱水温度与压力的线性关系式: T_A(℃)=431.4+5.3P(k bar)。 此外,在30k bar和约900℃条件下,用Mg/Si比为1(原子比)的混合氧化物合成了三个含水镁硅酸盐新矿物相A,B,C。这三个相的红外光谱比滑石多886cm~(-1)和614cm~(-1)两个吸收峰,而且它的水区与滑石的水区有很大差别。     

硅酸盐熔体的体积行为

通过研究硅酸盐熔体的氧平均体积,并与硅酸盐玻璃相对比,提出硅酸盐熔体的体积可分为两部分,即硅-氧骨架部分和阳离子部分,根据氧平均体积变化规律,得出硅-氧骨架部分的体积基本不随温度变化,硅酸盐熔体的体积膨胀主要是由于“氧化物”部分的局部膨胀所致,进一步提出O~(2-)半径基本不变,而主要是阳离子半径变化,并讨论了膨胀的机制。     

The measurement of reactive silicate in saline-hypersaline lakes: examples of the problem

The analysis of reactive silicate or H₄SiO₄ in saline lake waters using the silicomolybdic acid method developed by Mullin and Riley (1955) suffers from a rather severe salt interference. Our data show that the interference occurs in waters where both chloride and sulfate are the major anions. The interference leads to lower than actual values (by as much as 50 per cent). Until the chemical mechanism of the interference is quantitatively understood, dilution with deionized water appears to be the best approach to obtaining reliable data. This may limit the technique's usage in waters of high TDS, and low reactive silicate.     

A Quartz-bearing Orthopyroxene-rich Websterite Xenolith from the Pannonian Basin, Western Hungary: Evidence for Release of Quartz-saturated Melts from a Subducted Slab

An unusual quartz-bearing orthopyroxene-rich websterite xenolithhas been found in an alkali basaltic tuff at Szigliget, Bakony–BalatonHighland Volcanic Field (BBHVF), western Hungary. Ortho- andclinopyroxenes are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE),middle REE and Ni, and depleted in Nb, Ta, Sr and Ti comparedwith ortho- and clinopyroxenes occurring in either peridotiteor lower crustal granulite xenoliths from the BBHVF. Both ortho-and clinopyroxenes in the xenolith contain primary and secondarysilicate melt inclusions, and needle-shaped or rounded quartzinclusions. The melt inclusions are rich in SiO₂ and alkalisand poor in MgO, FeO and CaO. They are strongly enriched inLREE and large ion lithophile elements, and display negativeNb, Ta and Sr anomalies, and slightly positive Pb anomalies.The xenolith is interpreted to represent a fragment of an orthopyroxene-richbody that crystallized in the upper mantle from a hybrid meltthat formed by interaction of mantle peridotite with a quartz-saturatedsilicate melt that was released from a subducted oceanic slab.Although the exact composition of the slab melt cannot be determined,model calculations on major and trace elements suggest involvementof a metasedimentary component. KEY WORDS: quartz; mantle; silicate melt inclusion; SiO₂-rich melt; subduction; Carpathian-Pannonian Region     

便携式近红外光谱对层状硅酸盐矿物结构及成因探讨

采用ore XpressTM便携式矿物分析仪获取了高岭石、蛇纹石、滑石、叶腊石、白云母五种层状硅酸盐的近红外光谱谱图,运用矿物学和近红外光谱原理研究发现:二八面体型层状硅酸盐由于八面体空隙的存在,使谱图上1400nm和1900nm附近处的吸收峰强度要强于三八面体型层状硅酸盐的吸收峰强度,并且二八面体型层状硅酸盐的结构单元层是1:1型,因此氢键效应会加剧这种作用;结构单元层类型相同的层状硅酸盐,因八面体片中的阳离子电负性不同,会使金属一羟基叠加峰峰位发生偏移;过渡离子的存在,会使吸收峰的峰强和峰形产生异常;利用不同矿物晶格中分子、离子吸收不同能量的光子后,会在图谱上表现出不同的吸收特征,可反映出样品的矿物类型、结晶度、含水量等信息。     

Crystallization and Breakdown of Metasomatic Phases in Graphite-bearing Peridotite Xenoliths from Marsabit (Kenya)

Mantle-derived xenoliths from the Marsabit shield volcano (easternflank of the Kenya rift) include porphyroclastic spinel peridotitescharacterized by variable styles of metasomatism. The petrographyof the xenoliths indicates a transition from primary clinopyroxene-bearingcryptically metasomatized harzburgite (light rare earth element,U, and Th enrichment in clinopyroxene) to modally metasomatizedclinopyroxene-free harzburgite and dunite. The metasomatic phasesinclude amphibole (low-Ti Mg-katophorite), Na-rich phlogopite,apatite, graphite and metasomatic low-Al orthopyroxene. Transitionalsamples show that metasomatism led to replacement of clinopyroxeneby amphibole. In all modally metasomatized xenoliths melt pockets(silicate glass containing silicate and oxide micro-phenocrysts,carbonates and empty vugs) occur in close textural relationshipwith the earlier metasomatic phases. The petrography, majorand trace element data, together with constraints from thermobarometryand fO₂ calculations, indicate that the cryptic and modal metasomatismare the result of a single event of interaction between peridotiteand an orthopyroxene-saturated volatile-rich silicate melt.The unusual style of metasomatism (composition of amphibole,presence of graphite, formation of orthopyroxene) reflects lowP –T conditions (850–1000°C at < 1·5GPa) in the wall-rocks during impregnation and locally low oxygenfugacities. The latter allowed the precipitation of graphitefrom CO₂. The inferred melt was possibly derived from alkalinebasic melts by melt–rock reaction during the developmentof the Tertiary–Quaternary Kenya rift. Glass-bearing meltpockets formed at the expense of the early phases, mainly throughincongruent melting of amphibole and orthopyroxene, triggeredby infiltration of a CO₂-rich fluid and heating related to themagmatic activity that ultimately sampled and transported thexenoliths to the surface. KEY WORDS: graphite; peridotite xenoliths; Kenya Rift; modal metasomatism; silicate glass     

Evolution of Mafic Alkaline Melts Crystallized in the Uppermost Lithospheric Mantle: a Melt Inclusion Study of Olivine-Clinopyroxenite Xenoliths, Northern Hungary

Olivine-clinopyroxenite xenoliths exhumed in alkali basalts(sensu lato) in the Nógrád–GömörVolcanic Field (NGVF), northern Hungary, contain abundant silicatemelt inclusions. Geothermobarometric calculations indicate thatthese xenoliths crystallized as cumulates in the upper mantlenear the Moho. These cumulate xenoliths are considered to representa period of Moho underplating by mafic alkaline magmas priorto the onset of Late Tertiary alkaline volcanism in the Carpathian–Pannonianregion. The major and trace element compositions of silicatemelt inclusions in olivine display an evolutionary trend characterizedby a strong decrease in CaO/Al₂O₃. The parental melt of thecumulates was a basanite formed by low-degree ( 2%) partialmelting of a garnet peridotite source. The compositional trendof the silicate melt inclusions, textural features, and modellingwith pMELTS show that the parental melt evolved by major clinopyroxeneand minor olivine crystallization followed by the appearanceof amphibole simultaneously with significant resorption of theearlier clinopyroxene and olivine. The resulting residual meltwas highly enriched in Al₂O₃, alkalis and most incompatibletrace elements. This type of melt is likely to infiltrate andreact with surrounding mantle peridotite as a metasomatic agent.It might also form high-pressure pegmatite-like bodies in themantle that might be the source of the amphibole and sanidinemegacrysts also found in the alkali basalts of the NGVF. Preferentialremelting of the later-formed (i.e. lower temperature) mineralassemblage (amphibole, sanidine, residual glass) might havesignificantly contaminated the host alkaline mafic lavas, increasingtheir Al₂O₃ and total alkali contents and, therefore, reducingtheir MgO, FeO and CaO content. KEY WORDS: silicate melt inclusions; geochemistry; petrogenesis; Nógrád–Gömör Volcanic Field; Pannonian Basin     

常压下硫酸盐与基性硅酸盐熔体不混溶的实验研究

自然界中广泛存在硅酸盐与硫酸盐之间的熔体不混溶现象,这种不混溶过程控制了岩浆演化过程的氧逸度变化和岩浆中S的含量,同时也对金属元素的富集具有重要意义。前人对硫酸盐与硅酸盐的熔体不混溶过程及稀土元素在不混溶相分配行为的研究主要集中在碱性硅酸盐与硫酸盐体系,但对基性硅酸盐与硫酸盐的熔体不混溶行为及稀土元素在此过程中的分配规律研究仍相对薄弱。本文选择基性硅酸盐样品与实验用Na₂SO₄按质量比1∶1制成混合实验样品粉末,并添加少量H₃BO₃作为助熔剂,通过马弗炉加热至1 200℃,使粉末完全熔融,并在1 200℃恒温12 h后在马弗炉中快速冷却至常温。对加温-冷却后的样品进行详细的岩矿相、SEM/EDS和不同相态的原位LA-ICP-MS分析。研究结果表明,在1 200℃的条件下,硫酸盐与基性硅酸盐熔体可以大比例混溶,且降温会造成两者的不混溶,在不混溶过程中Na、Ca、K、REEs等趋向于进入硫酸盐熔体。不混溶形成的硫酸盐熔体中,稀土元素含量明显高于残余硅酸盐熔体,但轻重稀土元素没有明显的分异。不混溶硅酸盐熔...     

温度改性水玻璃固化黄土冻融特性试验研究

随着各种复杂黄土湿陷问题的呈现,不断有新的地基处理方法得到推广应用,硅化法是主要化学方法之一。为了探究温度改性水玻璃固化黄土在冻融环境下的加固效果,对其进行了冻融特性试验研究。通过控制不同温度的水玻璃溶液配制黄土试样,研究其经过冻融循环的无侧限抗压强度、质量损失以及微观结构的变化特征,分析温度改性水玻璃对加固黄土工程特性的影响和冻融循环对试样的破坏作用机理。试验结果表明：固化黄土试样随着冻融循环次数的增加,质量损失率增加;冻融循环次数相同时,质量损失率随着改性温度的增加而减小;固化黄土样的无侧限抗压强度在冻融初期存在补强作用,以后随着冻融循环次数的增加而减小;改性温度越高,20°Bé水玻璃固化黄土样的冻融循环次数相对值越大。