水泥-水玻璃注浆在围堰防渗漏浆处理中的应用

漏浆是围堰防渗注浆过程中常遇到的工程现象,采取合理有效的方法解决漏浆问题对注浆效果具有重要的工程意义。针对引黄工程某围堰防渗注浆过程中的大量漏浆问题,对现场工程情况及漏浆原因进行了分析,提出采用水泥-水玻璃双液注浆的解决方案。在分析水泥-水玻璃浆液凝结硬化机理基础上,主要从注浆材料、注浆方法、注浆压力、注浆结束条件及封孔等方面对其注浆技术的现场应用情况进行了分析。检查孔压水试验表明,通过水泥-水玻璃注浆处理后,漏浆地层透水率大幅减小,满足工程设计要求,达到漏浆封堵效果。     

Temporal variations in Sr and 87Sr/86Sr of the Ganga headwaters: estimates of dissolved Sr flux to the mainstream

The headwaters of the Ganga (the Alaknanda, Bhagirathi and the Ganga) were analysed for their dissolved major ions, Sr and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr on a biweekly to monthly basis over a period of one year to determine their temporal variations and the factors contributing to them. The concentrations of major ions and Sr show significant seasonal variation with lower values during monsoon period in all the three rivers. A similar trend is also observed for ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and Na*/Ca (Na* = Na_r? Cl_r) suggesting relatively lower contribution of Sr and Na from silicates (which are more radiogenic in Sr) during monsoon. Budget calculations show that silicate derived dissolved Sr (Sr_s) in the river Ganga, Alaknanda and the Bhagirathi varied from 10 ± 4 to 27 ± 11, 7 ± 3 to 30 ± 12, 16 ± 6 to 57 ± 23% of measured Sr respectively with lower values during monsoon. The relative decrease in silicate erosion compared to carbonate during monsoon can result from several factors, these include higher dissolution kinetics of the carbonates, lower water–rock interaction time and availability of larger area for weathering. The annual discharge weighted Sr flux derived from the time series data is higher by ～20% from that based on peak flow Sr, and lower by ～40% compared to that derived from lean flow Sr concentration. The area‐normalized annual flux of dissolved Sr from the Ganga at Rishikesh is about five times its flux at Rajshahi (Bangladesh) and a few other major global rivers, such as the Amazon, indicating higher erosion rate over the Himalaya. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

双液注浆技术在杭州市天城广场工程中的应用

针对杭州市天城广场工程在基坑开挖过程中地下连续墙接缝处局部出现渗漏水的情况,为确保基坑开挖及周边建筑物的运作安全,采用水泥-水玻璃双液注浆技术对该部位出现的渗漏进行技术处理。分析了渗漏的原因,介绍了水泥-水玻璃双液注浆工艺及施工技术措施。     

硅酸钙晶种法回收污水中磷的实验研究

实验研究了以钾长石水热分解的副产物沉淀硅酸钙为晶种,回收模拟污水中磷的效果。结果表明,晶种用量0.4 g/L、p H值为8、Ca/P(摩尔比)=2条件下反应2 h后,污水中剩余磷浓度为0.32 mg/L,低于我国污水综合排放一级A标准0.5 mg/L。沉淀硅酸钙重复使用60次后回收磷的效果仍然较好,回收率为79.5%以上。采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、粉晶X射线衍射等测试手段对回收产物进行的分析表明,回收磷产物以羟磷灰石形态存在,产物中P2O5含量在35%以上,达到了富磷矿的品位。沉淀硅酸钙有望成为回收磷的理想晶种材料。     

Application of Hydrothermal Diamond Anvil Cell to Homogenization Experiments of Silicate Melt Inclusions

The homogenization of silicate melt inclusions （SMIs）,small droplets of silicate melt trapped in magmatic minerals,is an important component of petrogenetic and magmatic research.Conventional homogenization experiments on SMIs use microscope-mounted heating stages capable of producing high temperatures at 1 atm and cold-seal high-pressure vessels.Heating stages are generally used for SMIs with low internal pressures and allow in situ observations of the homogenization processes.In contrast,cold-seal high-pressure vessels are generally used to heat SMIs that have high internal pressures,although the homogenized SMIs can only be observed after quenching in this approach.Here we outline an alternative approach that uses a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell （HDAC） apparatus to homogenize SMIs.This is the only current method wherein phase changes in high-internal-pressure SMIs can be observed in situ during homogenization experiments,which represents an advantage over other conventional methods.Using an HDAC apparatus prevents high-internal-pressure SMIs from decrepitating during heating by elevating their external pressure,in addition to allowing in situ observations of SMIs.The type-V HDAC that is currently being used has a shorter distance between the sample chamber and the observation window than earlier types,potentially enabling continuous observation of the processes involved in heating and SMI homogenization through an objective lens with a long working distance.Homogenization experiments using HDAC require that a number of steps,including HDAC preparation,sample preparation,sample loading,preheating,and formal heating,be carefully followed.Homogenization experiments on SMIs within granite samples from the Jiajika pegmatite deposit （Sichuan,China） are best performed using an HDAC-based approach,because the elevated proper external pressure of these SMIs,combined with a short heating duration,helps to suppress material leakage and any reactions within the SMIs,in addition to allowing in situ observatio     

Experimental Study of Geoneutrinos with KamLAND

The Kamioka liquid scintillator antineutrino detector (KamLAND), which consists of 1000 tones of ultra-pure liquid scintillator surrounded by 1879 photo-multiplier tubes (PMT), is the first detector sensitive enough to detect geoneutrinos. Earth models suggest that KamLAND observes geoneutrinos at a rate of 30 events/10³²-protons/year from the ²³⁸U decay chain, and 8 events/10³²-protons/year from the ²³²Th decay chain. With 7.09×10³¹ proton-years of detector exposure and detection efficiency of 0.687 ± 0.007, the ‘rate-only’ analysis gives geoneutrino candidates. Assuming a Th/U mass concentration ratio of 3.9, the ‘rate + shape’ analysis gives the 90% confidence interval for the total number of geoneutrinos detected to be from 4.5 to 54.2. This result is consistent with predictions from the Earth models. The 99% C.L. upper limit is set at 1.45×10⁻³¹ events per target proton per year, which is 3.8 times higher than the central value of the model prediction that gives 16 TW of radiogenic heat production from ²³⁸U and ²³²Th. Although the present data have limited statistical power, they provide by direct means an upper limit for the Earth’s radiogenic heat of U and Th. Sanshiro Enomoto (on behalf of the KamLAND Collaboration)     

山西本溪组铝土矿成矿条件及成矿规律探讨

通过对山西石炭系本溪组铝土矿,即华北G层铝土矿形成的构造背景、古地理环境及铝土矿床的分布分析,指出了山西铝土矿矿床主要分布在各古陆、古岛边缘的成矿盆地中,且成矿盆地的封闭性越好越有利于成矿.古陆上广泛出露的铝硅酸盐岩经过风化分解,其中的K、Na、Ca、Mg等元素大多数被淋失,Fe、Al、Ti、Si等元素相对富集,残留在红土风化壳中,经海侵短距离机械搬运至沉积盆地沉积.通过对铝土矿成分及其围岩物质组分的分析,进一步确认沉积在古陆边缘的原始铝土矿层埋藏于潜水面以下的还原环境中,经地下水、地表水等酸性溶液的淋滤脱硅后沉积成矿,后经地壳抬升,通过对原始铝土矿的渗流作用、氧化改造而达到铝土矿的富集,且铝土矿多分布在靠近古陆边缘的缓坡一侧,在沟谷两侧的高山低洼处矿体较富,而埋藏越深越则不利于成矿.     

星际红外消光律

该文综述了星际尘埃在红外波段的消光律。现有的观测表明,在0.7μm≤λ≤5μm范围内的星际消光可以近似用幂律函数来拟合,而对5μm≤A≤8μm范围内的星际消光争论比较多,但现在已明确该范围内消光律是随视线方向的变化而变化,这与以往认为在整个0.7μm≤λ≤8μm范围内星际消光为各处一致的结论是相左的。在8μm≤λ≤30μm范围内的消光主要由硅酸盐在9.7μm和18μm处的吸收特征所决定,其中9.7μm处的吸收所引起的消光强度(相对可见光波段消光)在太阳邻近弥漫星云和银心方向上有较大变化,其原因仍有争论;同时,由脂肪族碳氢化合物的C-H键伸缩振动引起的在3.4μm处的谱特征强度也和9.7μm硅酸盐谱特征类似,在太阳邻近弥漫星云和银心方向有较大变化。在λ≥30μm以上的远红外范围,由于观测的限制,人们主要利用尘埃红外辐射理论来间接研究消光率,不同尘埃模型给出的红外辐射明显地不同,对λ≥30μm的红外观测将提高该范围内消光律的准确性。