标准农田规划空间决策支持模型的研究与实现

在中国工业化与城市化进程加速的背景下,部分地区耕地的质与量难以得到保障,因此迫切需要在平衡粮食安全与经济社会增长的基础上对其做出科学规划,而空间决策支持模型的建立有助于该规划的编制。基于对标准农田规划过程的分析,将模型的概念框架分解为以下三个步骤:①构建标准农田资源评价模型:利用群体层次分析法和土地适应性评价模型评估标准农田资源;②构建标准农田规划备选方案生成模型:采用0￣1整数规划模型生成若干标准农田规划备选方案;③构建标准农田最优规划方案决策模型,采用非确定型决策模型辅助评价选取最优规划方案。文章对概念模型的规范化过程进行详细探讨,最后以浙江省桐庐县石阜镇为实验区,对模型进行实现和初步验证。     

古尔班通古特沙漠灌木冠幅预测模型

古尔班通古特沙漠是中国第二大沙漠,也是中国固定和半固定沙丘主要分布区,固沙灌木种较多。冠幅不仅是反映固沙灌木可视化的重要参数,也是反映沙漠植被生长情况的重要变量。以3种沙丘（固定沙丘、半固定沙丘和流动沙丘）上主要固沙灌木为研究对象,利用12种基础模型、BP(Backpropagation Neural Network)神经网络和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）机器学习算法建立了基于固沙灌木株高和冠长率的冠幅预测模型,同时将两种机器学习算法拟合结果与基础模型进行比较,最终选出了适合研究区的冠幅预测模型。结果表明：（1）不同沙丘类型和不同灌木种类的最优冠幅预测模型不同,且固定沙丘和半固定沙丘模型优于流动沙丘。3种沙丘类型最优拟合为M2(Quadratic Model)模型;（2）白梭梭（Haloxylon persicum）在半固定沙丘和流动沙丘上拟合的最优模型分别为M2、M7(Gompertz),沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum）最优模型为M2,蛇麻黄（Ephedra distachya）和油蒿（Artemisia ordosica）在...     

特征变量选择结合SVM的耕地土壤Hg含量高光谱反演

为探讨应用高光谱数据反演耕地土壤重金属汞(Hg)含量,对原始光谱进行10 nm重采样和SG平滑处理,用不同光谱变换数据与土壤重金属Hg含量进行相关性分析,采用IRIV、Random Frog和PCC提取光谱特征波段,分别建立SVM与GWO-SVM土壤Hg含量高光谱反演模型,获取Hg含量最优反演路径。研究表明,一阶微分变换光谱后土壤光谱特征更明显;上述特征提取方法在不同程度上减少光谱数据冗余,保留有效变量信息;经灰狼算法优化后支持向量机模型反演精度提高,IRIV结合GWO-SVM预测精度更高,其验证集R²为0.894,RMSE为0.082,MAE为0.016。研究成果可为类似土壤重金属含量的反演提供借鉴。     

Influence of longwall support on the occurrence of roof cavities

Summary The forming of roof cavities in longwall faces is a complicated process. A likely explanation for this process is the presence of relaxed zones in the first beds of the roof above and ahead of the support. If existing or potential fissures are allowed to open through insufficient constraint, the block of roof delimited by these fissures will collapse. An increasing unsupported distance, an increasing distance between the face and the first row of legs, a lower vertical bearing force and a lower support pressure on the roof will increase the extent of the relaxed zones. These effects are investigated through underground observations and numerical modelling.Supplementary to this local influence, there is also a spatial relation between the support characteristics of one element in one coal step and the occurrence of fall outs in the roof uncovered by the next coal steps (3 on average) and above the neighbourhood elements (2 to 4 on average). It is probable that, once a cavity is formed, it is extended easily (in the two directions), until appropriate measures are taken.     

Comparison of ordinary and disjunctive kriging in an Indian iron ore deposit

This paper presents the results of disjunctive kriging applied to a supergene iron ore deposit of Bailadila Range of India. Disjunctive kriging is applied firstly to compare estimates of the blocks by ordinary kriging and secondly to estimate benchwise local recoverable reserves of the orebody. Good agreement exists between block estimates by ordinary kriging and disjunctive kriging except for peripheral blocks with less borehole information. Estimation of benchwise reserves shows that the behavior of the distribution of grades is different in various benches. The study shows that disjunctive kriging can be applied successfully for estimation of local recoverable reserves in the case of a good grade hematite iron ore deposit.     

专题制图决策支持系统的设计

专题制图中有很多决策问题,如何建立一个专题制图决策支持系统是本文要讨论的问题。本文对下面的问题进行了讨论和介绍;专题制图决策支持系统的总体设计、子系统间的信息交换、地图表达手段、数据处理方法等。     

Roof bolting in underground mining: a state-of-the-art review

Conclusions With continuing investigations and developments, roof bolting today can in most cases successfully reinforce the mine roof in underground mining. In order to cope with the increasing use of roof bolts, efforts should be made to maximize the safety and minimize the cost. With regard to mechanical bolting, two important parameters need more advanced improvements and study, namely, optimum design of the shape and type of expansion shell and optimum bolt tension for a specific bolt pattern. For the fully grouted resin bolt, the most critical requirement is to develop a fast-setting, low-cost, intoxic, inflammable grouting material that can be used in the high speed mining cycle. It should be noted that geological conditions such as the strata type, rock properties,in situ stress, and planes of weakness play an important role in the successful application of any roof bolting system. These factors should be specified as accurately and quantitatively as possible in the design of any roof bolting system. Finally, proper and careful installation and continuous monitoring are imperative for the success of any roof bolting system.     

Non‐linear system identification of the versatile‐typed structures by a novel signal processing technique

Non‐linear structural identification problems have raised considerable research efforts since decades, in which the Bouc–Wen model is generally utilized to simulate non‐linear structural constitutive characteristic. Support vector regression (SVR), a promising data processing method, is studied for versatile‐typed structural identification. First, a model selection strategy is utilized to determine the unknown power parameter of the Bouc–Wen model. Meanwhile, optimum SVR parameters are selected automatically, instead of tuning manually. Consequently, the non‐linear structural equation is rewritten in linear form, and is solved by the SVR technique. A five‐floor versatile‐type structure is studied to show the effectiveness of the proposed method, in which both power parameter known and unknown cases are investigated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.