海岸线变化速率的灰关联分析方法研究

海岸线的变化是一个复杂的灰色过程,了解海岸线的变化特征、变化过程和变化趋势,对促进海岸带的管理起着重要作用。针对海岸线历史数据的有限性和变化过程的灰色性,介绍了海岸线变化速率计算方法及其意义,以及灰关联分析方法的基本原理,提出了海岸线变化速率灰关联分析模式的基本步骤,分析了泉州古浮澳的海岸线变化情况。     

辽宁省海岸线近百年变迁特征分析

基于RS和GIS技术,利用多期遥感影像数据,结合地形图、历史海图,定量分析了辽宁省海岸线近百年变迁特征.结果表明,自1909年以来,辽宁省海岸线的构型和长度发生了很大变化,陆地面积也相应增加.在全省范围内,从时序变化看,1909~1932年期间,海岸线变化最大,陆地面积增加最多,年增加速率也较快,1950~1980年期间,海岸线变化速率最小.从空间上看,各地段的岸线变化极不均衡,主要变化区域是辽东湾北部淤泥质海岸,大连附近的基岩岸段变化最小,最大的变化区段是双台子河段、复州湾和大洋河附近.     

Geometric Integration of Aerial and High-Resolution Satellite Imagery and Application in Shoreline Mapping

This paper investigates the geopositioning accuracy achievable from integrating IKONOS and QuickBird satellite stereo image pairs with aerial images acquired over a region at Tampa Bay, Florida. The results showed that the accuracy is related to a few factors of imaging geometry. For example, the geopositioning accuracy of a stereo pair of IKONOS or QuickBird images can be improved by integrating a set of aerial images, even just a single aerial image or a stereo pair of aerial images. Shorelines derived from the IKONOS and QuickBird stereo images, particularly the vertical positions, are compared with the corresponding observations of water-penetrating LiDAR and water gauge stations and proved that differences are within the limit of the geopositioning uncertainty of the satellite images.     

Horizon scanning for alien predatory crabs: insights from South Africa

Due to the presence of few dominant predators on South African rocky shores, this coastline could be vulnerable to invasion by predatory crabs. This study applied horizon scanning to create an ordered watch list of alien crab species that could establish along this coastline under present-day and future temperature scenarios. This was done by: (i) identifying the species with both an invasion history and a possible pathway to South Africa; (ii) comparing the temperature ranges of the species’ native and introduced distributions to those of each of the four South African ecoregions; and (iii) ranking the species based on their potential ecological impacts. Of the 56 alien predatory crab species known worldwide, 28 species have pathways to South Africa. Incompatible temperature ranges excluded only two species from each ecoregion. Negative ecological impacts in their invaded ranges placed Japanese shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus, brush-clawed shore crab H. takanoi and Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis at the top of the watch list. This study highlights that many alien crab species have the potential to reach South Africa, with most likely to survive. This watch list should be used to support targeted monitoring and so facilitate early detection of these species, should they reach South Africa.     

Beach Morphodynamics influenced by an ebb‐tidal delta on the north Florida Atlantic coast

Tidal inlets interrupt longshore sediment transport, thereby exerting an influence on adjacent beach morphology. To investigate the details and spatial extent of an inlet's influence, we examine beach topographic change along a 1.5 km coastal reach adjacent to Matanzas Inlet, on the Florida Atlantic coast. Analyses of beach morphology reveal a behavioral change between 0.64 and 0.86 km from the inlet channel centerline, interpreted to represent the spatial extent of inlet influence. Beyond this boundary, the beach is narrow, exhibits a statistically significant inverse correlation of shoreline position with offshore wave conditions, and has a uniform alongshore pattern in temporal behavior, as determined from empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. On the inlet side of the boundary, the beach experiences monotonic widening (with proximity to the inlet), lacks spatial consistency in correlation between shoreline position and wave conditions, and exhibits an irregular pattern in spatial EOF modes. We augment the field observations with numerical modeling that provides calculations of wave setup and nearshore current patterns near the inlet, highlighting the effects of the ebb‐tidal delta on the assailing waves. The modeling results are verified by a natural experiment that occurred during May 2009, when a storm‐produced sedimentary mass accreted to the lower beach, then subsequently split into two oppositely directed waves of sediment that migrated away from the initial accretion site in the subsequent months. Our results suggest that the ebb‐tidal delta produces a pattern of wave setup that creates a pressure gradient driving an alongshore flow that opposes the longshore currents derived from breaking of obliquely oriented incident waves. The resulting recirculation pattern on the margin of the ebb‐tidal delta provides a mechanism through which the inlet influences adjacent barrier island beach morphology. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于遥感的广西防城湾海岸线变迁分析

随着人口增长、城市化和工业化的迅速发展、政策刺激以及对外贸易的日渐加强,防城湾沿岸海岸线变迁加剧。本文利用1973,1979,1990,2000年的Landsat卫星遥感影像和2010年的HJ-1B(环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座B星)卫星遥感影像,分析了近40 a来防城湾海岸线的变化特征。结果表明:1973—2010年间,防城湾沿岸不断向海推进,陆域面积共增加了4 216.61 hm²;海岸线总长度则减少了36.96 km,其中淤泥质岸线减少最为剧烈,其次为基岩岸线;海岸线变化主要受人为因素影响。根据防城湾的区域特征,将整个研究区划分为防城江口、暗埠口江和渔澫岛3个岸段分别进行详细分析表明:防城江口沿岸以基岩岸线为主,海岸线在1973—2010年间变迁程度很小,仅在防城江河口沿岸向海扩张了约74.58 hm²;暗埠口江沿岸以淤泥岸线为主,近40 a间该岸段岸线不断向海推进,许多原本曲折多变的鹿角湾被逐渐填充;渔澫岛海岸线变迁最为剧烈,近40 a来陆域面积共增加了2 027.41 hm²,岸线长度缩短了2.46 km,遥感影像监测显示1990年时渔澫岛已经陆连,同时从渔澫岛的分形维数计算结果可以看出其海岸线日趋平直。     

Hurricane damage along natural and hardened estuarine shorelines: Using homeowner experiences to promote nature-based coastal protection

Growing coastal populations, rising sea levels, and likely increases in the frequency of major storm events will intensify coastal vulnerability in coming decades. Decisions regarding how and when to fortify estuarine shorelines against coastal hazards, such as erosion, flooding, and attendant property damages, rest largely in the hands of waterfront-property owners. Traditionally, hard engineered structures (e.g. bulkheads, revetments, seawalls) have been used to protect coastal properties, based on the assumption that these structures are durable and effective at preventing erosion. This study evaluates the validity of these assumptions by merging results from 689 surveys of waterfront-property owners in NC with empirical shoreline damage data collected along estuarine shorelines after Hurricanes Irene (2011) and Arthur (2014). The data show: 1) homeowners perceive bulkheads to be the most durable and effective at preventing erosion, but also the most costly; 2) compared to residents with revetments and natural shorelines, property owners with bulkheads reported double the price to repair hurricane damage to their property and four times the cost for annual shoreline maintenance; 3) 93% of evident post-hurricane shoreline damage was attributable to bulkheads or bulkhead hybrids and a higher proportion of surveyed homeowners with bulkheads reported having property damage from hurricanes; and, 4) shoreline hardening increased by 3.5% from 2011 to 2016 along 39 km of the Outer Banks. These results suggest that bulkheads are not meeting waterfront property-owner expectations despite continued use, and that nature-based coastal protection schemes may be able to more effectively align with homeowner needs.     

实行海岸线分类保护 维护海岸带生态功能——《海岸线保护与利用管理办法》解读

《海岸线保护与利用管理办法》是我国专门针对海岸线管理的首部规范性文件,弥补了我国海岸线管理的空缺。文章简要介绍《海岸线保护与利用管理办法》出台的背景;详细分析海岸线保护与利用管理的重要举措:(1)提出自然岸线保有率控制制度,(2)提出海岸线分类保护制度,(3)实施自然岸线保护与利用的年度计划管理,(4)编制全国和省级海岸线整治修复五年规划和年度计划以及建立全国海岸线整治修复项目库;阐述《海岸线保护与利用管理办法》对海岸线保护的作用与意义;最后对全面加强海岸线保护与利用管理提出建立健全各项配套制度、不断完善技术标准体系以及开展海岸线保护管理专项行动的建议。     

The Composite Nature of the Provo Level of Lake Bonneville, Great Basin, Western North America

Deposits of a transgressive-phase Lake Bonneville stillstand or oscillation are found just below the elevation of the regressive-phase Provo shoreline at numerous exposures throughout the Bonneville basin. Existence of these subProvo shoreline deposits provides a new explanation for the massive size of Provo depositional and erosional landforms, which can no longer be explained by a long stillstand at the Provo shoreline. Provo coastal landforms are large because they are superimposed on subProvo landforms. Results also help to clarify divergent interpretations regarding the relative age of the Provo shoreline and the number of times it was occupied by the water plane. Occupation of approximately the same level during both the transgressive and the regressive phase of Lake Bonneville may be coincidental, or it may indicate that a bedrock sill controlled outflow at subProvo as well as Provo time. Rise to the Bonneville level could have occurred after massive slope failure plugged the outlet pass.     

Impact of river training walls on adjacent beaches, Ballina, New South Wales, Australia

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