Sedimentary processes,stratigraphic sequences and middens: the link between archaeology and geoheritage—a case study from the Quaternary of the Broome region,Western Australia

The cliffed and active dune coastal region of Broome provides an excellent record of Pleistocene and Holocene stratigraphy of desert environments interfacing with the Indian Ocean. The Mesozoic Broome Sandstone is the basal stratigraphic unit in the area and is overlain by Pleistocene red desert quartz sand (Mowanjum Sand). Modern coastal processes of waves, wind and tide have resulted in distinctive sedimentary bodies (stratigraphic units) clearly linked to the sedimentary environment. The Mowanjum Sand, reworked by coastal winds, generates the landward-ingressing orange quartzose Churchill Sand, or reworked by waves and abraded to white sand with the addition of carbonate grains that form the beaches (Cable Beach Sand) and with eolian action, coastal dunes or inland-ingressing white dunes (Shoonta Hill Sand). These sedimentary bodies and stratigraphic units form a template with which to locate and interpret archaeological middens and Indigenous occupation over the past 5000?years in a context of coastal occupation, coastal stability, mean sea-level changes, climate changes, and availability of marine food and freshwater. Shell middens and stone artefacts form definitive layers or horizons in relation to the stratigraphy, in places in situ, and elsewhere reworked as sheets and plumes; understanding their inter-relationships has enabled the unravelling of the archaeological history and relating Indigenous occupation to biofacies and lithofacies. The array of sedimentary, biofacies and stratigraphic units are of national geoheritage significance in their own right. The addition of archaeological deposits as stratigraphic units provides a link between geoheritage and archaeology, where the archaeological materials are viewed as part of the complex stratigraphic story, part of the coastal history, and part of the geoheritage story.     

加强XENIX系统安全性的若干方法

ＸＥＮＩＸ作为一种多用户多任务的开放性的操作系统,容易受到攻击和破坏。本文介绍的产种方法可用来提高ＸＥＮＩＸ系统的安全性。     

东平原狭蚌虫外壳的组织学研究

本文对东平原狭蚌虫外壳的组织结构进行了研究。外壳由内外角质层、内外上皮层和皮下结缔组织共同组成。外角质层厚,较规则。上皮细胞有柱状细胞和具有胞突的锥形细胞两种形态。同侧及相对两侧的上皮胞突相连接,构成了许多具有血细胞的血腔隙。     

地震作用下单层柱面网壳的动力稳定性能分析

以单层柱面网壳结构为研究对象,利用El-centro地震波对该类结构进行了时程地震反应分析,考察了结构的地震响应和抗震性能,研究了其在地震作用下的动力失稳特点。选取了几种几何尺寸不同的单层柱面网壳,分析了矢跨比和长跨比对单层柱面网壳动力稳定性能的影响。     

东风螺、弯竹蛏和斑节对虾的壳基质蛋白组学分析

从软体动物中的腹足纲、双壳纲以及节肢动物中的甲壳纲分别选取了3种中国沿海常见的品种——东风螺、弯竹蛏、斑节对虾,提取并分析它们的壳基质蛋白。利用液相色谱串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）技术对蛋白质组学进行分析发现特定的蛋白质具有明显的种属差异：①N66蛋白（一种碳酸酐酶）通常存在于弯竹蛏中,但不存在于东风螺和斑节对虾中,揭示N66蛋白质具有特异性,在未来的物种鉴定中可能具有重要的参考意义;②角质层蛋白AM1199和CP14.6存在于斑节对虾的表皮结构中,在东风螺和弯竹蛏中未检测到;③血蓝蛋白同时在3种动物外壳的基质蛋白中被鉴定出来,揭示了其在不同物种的外壳形成与发育过程中的重要作用。该研究为壳基质蛋白在软体动物或节肢动物外壳中的鉴定提供了基础,也为探索不同物种的生物矿化过程提供了重要参考。     

The sedimentary characteristics and formation mechanism of shell ridges along the southwest coast of Bohai Bay

The present paper studies the sedimentary characteristics and mechanism of the shell ridges on the southwestern coast of Bohai Bay, which are the largest and have the highest shell (or shell fragment) content in the world. These shell ridges are composed of two sedimentary subfacies: the ridge subfacies and the ridge infill subfacies with different inner textures and sedimentary structures. The ridge subfacies primarily consists of fresh shells and/or shell fragments with parallel beddings and high-angle oblique beddings. The ridge infill subfacies consists of finer shell fragments and silty sand with parallel beddings oblique to land. The evolution of the shell ridge is controlled by the accumulation of substantial shell material,the relative slow erosion of shoreline, storm waves, winds and the shift of river routes. Wind tunnel tests indicate that the critical movement velocity of shell is lower than that of quartz sand of the same grain size. Deltaic progradation alternates with shell ridge growth. While the Yellow River empties into the sea through this area, accompanied by deltaic progradating, the shell material is scarce, which is unfavorable to the growth of the shell ridge. Conversely, erosion occurs along an abandoned delta coast where a shell ridge may develop, e.g. the shell ridge on the southwest of Bohai Bay.     

栉孔扇贝壳粉对刚果红的吸附性能研究

栉孔扇贝是中国养殖量最大的扇贝,其废弃的贝壳资源利用也成为了关注的热点。贝壳粉是一种天然的生物吸附剂,本文通过高温煅烧处理,进一步优化了栉孔扇贝壳的吸附性能,采用扫描电镜分析、红外光谱分析表征手段对其形貌、组成进行分析;同时探讨了不同贝壳粉煅烧温度、反应时间、反应温度、刚果红初始浓度对其吸附性能的影响以及吸附动力学模型和等温吸附模型。结果表明, 900℃下煅烧的贝壳粉吸附性能最好;吸附反应在5 min内迅速发生,在150 min后基本达到平衡;该反应符合准二级吸附动力学过程(R2=0.999 1),吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型,属于多相吸附,低温更有利于刚果红在煅烧栉孔扇贝壳粉上的吸附。以上结果对于解决印染废水的净化处理具有重要意义,也为栉孔扇贝壳废弃资源综合利用奠定理论基础。     

冲击荷载下玄武岩纤维水泥土吸能及分形特征

为研究玄武岩纤维对水泥土冲击破坏过程中能量吸收及碎块块度分布特征的影响,采用Φ50 mm变截面霍普金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar,简称SHPB）试验装置对不同玄武岩纤维掺量的水泥土进行了冲击压缩和动态劈裂试验,分析了冲击荷载作用下玄武岩纤维掺量与水泥土吸收能、破坏形态和分形维数 的关系,试验结果表明：随着玄武岩纤维掺量的增加,水泥土吸收能呈先增大后减小的趋势,超过最佳掺量后,由于纤维-纤维薄弱面的存在,水泥土吸收能减少;冲击破坏后水泥土破碎块度分布是具有统计意义上的分形,冲击压缩试验中水泥土破碎块度平均粒径随玄武岩纤维掺量的增加而不断增大,对应的 值总体上呈现不断减小的趋势;在动态劈裂试验中,玄武岩纤维掺量在0～2.0%范围内,水泥土破碎块度平均粒径呈现上升趋势, 值不断减小,玄武岩纤维掺量超过2.0%后,平均粒径有所降低,对应 值增大。玄武岩纤维水泥土吸收能和 值之间有着密切的联系,冲击压缩试验中,吸收能在分形维数为2.20～2.26范围内呈先增大后减小的趋势,而在动态劈裂试验中,吸收能在分形维数为1.85～2.20范围内总体呈现下降趋势,两者具有一定的负相关性;合适掺量的玄武岩纤维对水泥土动态特性起着积极作用,通过试验得出玄武岩纤维的合适掺量为1.5%～2.0%。     

Comparison of web plate numerical models for self‐centering steel plate shear walls

Previous research has shown that self‐centering steel plate shear walls (SC‐SPSWs) are capable of achieving enhanced seismic performance at multiple hazard levels, including recentering following design‐level earthquakes. When modeling SC‐SPSWs numerically, these studies considered an idealized tension‐only steel plate shear wall (SPSW) web plate behavior. Research has shown that web plate behavior is more complex than predicted by the idealized model, and web plates can provide more strength, stiffness, and energy dissipation than predicted by the idealized model. The idealized model of web plate behavior is used widely in SPSW numerical models where the moment‐resisting boundary frame provides supplemental hysteretic damping and stiffness; however, in SC‐SPSWs, where the post‐tensioned boundary frame is designed to remain elastic during an earthquake, accounting for the more complex web plate behavior can have a significant impact on seismic performance estimates from numerical simulation. This paper presents different methods for modeling SC‐SPSWs. Responses from these models are compared with experimental results. A simple modification of the tension‐only model, referred to as the tension‐compression strip model, is shown to provide a reasonable approximation of SC‐SPSW behavior. Results from nonlinear response history analyses of SC‐SPSWs with the tension‐only and tension‐compression web plate models are compared to assess how the approximation of web plate behavior affects SC‐SPSW seismic performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

强震下四边钢柱支承单层柱面网壳弹塑性地震响应研究

采用集中塑性铰理论和SAP2000结构分析软件,对某体育练习馆（钢柱周边支承单层柱面网壳）整体结构进行了强震下弹塑性地震响应分析。分析中考虑了几何和材料双重非线性影响,获得了节点位移响应、杆件塑性铰的分布特征和结构的整体变形与失效形态,并评定了整体结构在强震下的极限承载力与失效类型。结果表明：该结构在强震下的失效界限地震加速度峰值为1260gal,最大竖向变形为短向跨度的1/163,满足＂避难与救灾建筑结构＂的抗震性能设防要求;结构的失效类型为动力失稳破坏,临界失效时出现塑性铰的杆件较少,结构塑性发展程度不充分;由整体稳定控制的单层柱面网壳在满足稳定承载力的要求下具有较大的抗震潜能。