回填贝壳砂耐久性试验研究

介绍了对我国浅海大量存在的贝壳砂进行化学性质和耐久性试验研究结果,从贝壳在酸雨中质量损失、溶蚀对贝壳成分和形态的影响及溶蚀对贝壳砂工程特性的影响三方面研究了贝壳砂的化学性质和耐久性,发现酸雨对贝壳有一定的溶蚀作用,在贝壳表面形成溶蚀凹坑,但是溶蚀作用缓慢,质量损失很小,酸雨溶蚀和海水溶出后的贝壳砂工程特性与未溶蚀的贝壳砂的工程特性相近,因而贝壳砂可用作海洋工程或港口工程回填砂。     

福建深沪湾地学旅游资源及其科学价值评价

在对福建深沪湾地学旅游资源进行综合、系统的考察基础上,对福建深沪湾旅游资源进行了系统的分析与统计研究,并对其中的地质遗迹景观和类型进行系统分类,着重对海底古森林、古牡蛎滩、红土台地、古人类活动遗迹发现点和海蚀地貌等核心地质景观进行了阐述,并对其科学意义进行了尝试性探讨。     

考虑土-结构相互作用双层柱面网壳在多点输入下的地震反应分析

目前对于网壳结构的地震反应研究大部分仍然采用一致输入,特别是没有考虑土-结构相互作用对网壳结构的影响。本文通过对大型有限元分析软件MSC.Nastran的二次开发,用等效线性化方法考虑土体的非线性,对土体采用三维实体单元建模,并对土体在基岩面上采用地震动的多点输入,计算分析了大跨度双层柱面网壳的动力反应,并且与一致地震动输入下网壳结构的地震反应进行了对比,考察了两者之间的差异,深入分析了考虑土-结构相互作用下,双层柱面网壳结构在多点输入和一致输入下的地震反应规律,并得出了一些重要结论。     

新型索承网壳结构非线性地震反应特性和参数分析

本文根据新型大跨空间杂交结构———索承网壳结构的受力特点,选用梁元、杆元和索元的混合有限元模型,给出了一种有效的适用于该类结构的非线性动力响应的增量、迭代有限元计算方法。以K8型索承网壳结构为研究对象,进行了时域内的三向地震作用下的非线性反应分析。计算结果表明,该结构具有良好的抗震性能。文中针对地震响应的主要影响参数,对其地震响应规律作了系统的研究,得出矢跨比和撑杆长度是抗震设计的主要控制参数等有应用价值的结论。     

Effects of parasitism and environment on shell size of the South American intertidal mud snail Heleobia australis (Gastropoda)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of parasitism and certain environmental factors on the shell size of Heleobia australis (Hydrobiidae, Cochliopinae). We report sporocysts and metacercariae of Microphallus simillimus (Microphallidae, Trematoda) parasitizing the gonad and digestive gland of H. australis specimens from two sites of Bahía Blanca estuary, Argentina. The prevalence of infection was significantly higher (34.17% in winter and 68.14% in late spring) in snails from the outer estuary at Site 2 than in those from the inner estuary at Site 1 (5.88% and 4.71% respectively). The only known definitive host for this digenean is the white-backed stilt Himantopus melanurus (Recurvirostridae, Aves), most abundant in the estuary during winter. Parasitism by M. simillimus causes variations in the shell dimensions of H. australis, the shells of infected snails being narrower than those of uninfected snails. Snails from Site 2 were found in general to be significantly smaller than those at Site 1, possibly as a result of differences in environmental factors such as the degree of exposure to wave energy, the allocation of energy to reproduction rather than growth (induced by predation and/or parasitic castrators) and anthropogenic stressors.     

Cryopreservation of Veliger Larvae of Trumpet Shell,Charonia sauliae: an Essential Preparation to Artificial Propagation

Trumpet shell, Charonia sauliae, is an endangered and valuable species, but its artificial propagation protocol has not been successfully established. To estimate the possibility of cryopreservation for larvae of C. sauliae, which is a potential preparation for its artificial reproduction and further research, in this study a protocol for the cryopreservation of veliger larvae of trumpet shell was optimized. Through a two-step cryopreservation procedure, four kinds of cryoprotectants (ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol,dimethyl sulfoxide and glycerol) were employed at three concentrations (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 molL-1) respectively and survival rates of larvae were determined after a storage of 1h. The larvae frozen with these four cryoprotectants after 1h storage were cultured, and then survival rates were determined at 24, 72 and 120h after thawing. Dimethyl sulfoxide at a concentration of 1.5 molL-1 showed the best protective effect in all experiments (p<0.05). And survival rates of larvae frozen with dimethyl sulfoxide were determined after 1,7 and 15 d of storage. The survival rates of larvae frozen with 1.5 molL-1 dimethyl sulfoxide after 1h, 1d, 7 d and 15 d of storage were 80.77% ±7.51%, 80.34% ±11.28%, 83.10% ±9.14% and 77.23%±6.22% respectively. No significant differences in survival rates of larvae frozen with dimethyl sulfoxide were observed after various storage periods (p>0.05).     

Biometric,microstructural, and high-resolution trace element studies in Crassostrea gigas of Cantabria (Bay of Biscay,Spain): Anthropogenic and seasonal influences

Living Crassostrea gigas oysters of different ages and sizes were collected in three estuaries of Cantabria (Bay of Biscay, Spain): San Vicente de la Barquera Estuary, Santander Bay, and Marismas de Santoña Estuary. The main objective was to determine different shell responses to variable environmental parameters. A shell morphological study, based on three biometric indices, indicates that oysters of Santander Bay have two significant shell anomalies: abnormal thickening of the right valve and loss of vital cavity volume. These shell abnormalities are related with the presence in these waters of the chemical tributyltin. In the other two estuaries, the oysters show no detectable anomalies. Four shell microstructures have been distinguished: Regular Simple Prismatic, Regular Foliated, cone-Complex Cross Foliated, and Chalk. In Santander Bay oysters, the Chalk forms a “root-type” framework, whereas in the other two estuaries it forms a more compact microstructure. It is proposed that exposure to tributyltin has produced this modification. High-spatial-resolution geochemical transects have been carried out on the Regular Foliated microstructure in the umbo region in order to evaluate the distribution of Mg, Sr, and Na. The elements analysed exhibit clear cyclic variations in San Vicente de la Barquera Estuary and Marismas de Santoña Estuary oysters, related with seasonal periods, and characterised by broad maxima during months in which the waters are warmer and have higher salinity. These patterns are buffered in Santander Bay oysters. Our results demonstrate that biometric, microstructural, and high-resolution trace element studies in oyster shells can provide information about contaminants and seasonal variations in the estuarine environment.     

从贝丘遗址看绳纹人与环境的相互关系

介绍了自本世纪７０年代末以来，日本学者在绳纹时代的考古研究中开辟的一个新领域，即通过分析贝丘遗址和周围的自然环境去认识绳纹的环境变化及绳纹人与环境的关系。同时提出了笔者关于绳纹时代人与环境关系的一个模式。     

利用贝类(Lamprotula)化石碳氧同位素再建山西丁村地区晚更新世气候环境

较大的湖泊中的贝类生长线的氧同位素可能记录了季节性的温度变化。对拔氏丽蚌 (楔丽蚌 )Lamprotula(Cuneolamprotula)bazini (Heude)和环带丽蚌 (丽蚌 )Lamprotula (Lamprotula)zonata (Heude)的生长线进行氧同位素研究表明,前者有较强的适应环境变化的能力。δ18O值记录的襄汾地区晚更新世的古温度为 2 0～ 2 4℃至 30～34℃,古降雨量多出现代 2 0 0～ 2 6 7mm,河水排泄不畅,积水成湖。这些结果给人的启示是:全球变暖后,该地区气温可能有较大升幅 ;降雨量的增加有可能在排水不畅地区形成水灾,应注意防患于未然。     

鳖甲溃疡和穿孔病的病原及其防治

对鳖甲溃疡和穿孔病的病原进行了研究,提出了勒氏假单胞菌（Pseudomonaslemoignei）、产碱菌（Alcaligenessp）和枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillussubtilis）3种病原菌;同时在病原药敏试验的基础上筛选治疗药物（鳖康乐1号）,并进行了生产性防治试验。