中天山基底岩系的韧性-脆韧性改造作用

造山带核部往往都存在一些古老的中深变质岩系,后期都受到多次构造作用的叠加,从而呈现出一种极其复杂的面貌。夹于中东阿尔卑斯造山带中的门德雷斯、克谢希尔、尼德、阿拉尼亚和比特利斯等变质地块(阿达米亚等,1976),以及我国大别群(陈江峰等,1993)、秦岭群(游振东等,1994)等都是如此。中天山地区存在类似情况,这里存在两类基底岩系,一类基本未变质,另一类则由中深变质岩系所组成。前一类以伊犁地块的基底为代表(车自成等,1994),出露地层由中晚元古界浅海碎屑岩、叠层石碳酸岩和上覆的冰债层组成,构成区内稳定型基底;另一类以巴伦台群为代表(车自成等,1994),由各类结晶片岩、片麻岩、混合岩和不同时代的岩体组成活动型基底。后者形成于中晚元古代,并受到多期构造热事件的改造,除明显的多期变形外,其同位素年龄也从元古代直至中生代呈现连续演化的趋势。     

泥石流成因机理的非饱和土力学理论研究

泥石流是一种具有较强破坏力的自然山地灾害。对于它的预报研究历来为人们所重视，并建立了很多雨量预报模型。然而，这些雨量预报模型的预报时间很短，往往只能在灾害发生前几十分钟作出预报。论文应用非饱和土强度理论对降雨型泥石漉的成园机理进行了研究，提出降雨型泥石流的形成过程可以划分为2个阶段：第一个阶段与前期实效降雨量有关；第二个阶段与短历时强降雨有关。并对各个阶段降雨作用机理以及固体松散物质的力学性质变化特征进行探讨。为预先判断在降雨条件下，会不会发生泥石流以及所需要的降雨量和雨型提供依据。     

运用卫星像片研究中国大地构造

运用中国的卫星像片 ,发现中国大陆存在一个纵贯全国的“×”型剪切断裂系统。在此基础上进行了中国的断块划分及大地构造分区 ,并对中国大地构造结构上的特征和空间及时间上表现出的地壳波状运动进行了探讨。     

河南桐柏县银洞坡金矿地球物理特征

银洞坡金矿是我国重要的大型金矿之一。通过区域地球物理场、物性参数及局部异常特征的分析研究,建立地球物理找矿标志及不同工作阶段的方法组合,以期提高矿床研究水平和地质找矿效果。     

泸定M6.8地震同震重力与形变效应模拟研究——闭锁剪力孕震模式的新证据

2022年泸定M6.8地震为近期川滇地区显著强震。本文基于Okubo平面矩形弹性位错理论,采用已有的由地震波反演获得的同震破裂模型,模拟研究了泸定M6.8地震产生的地表同震重力变化、垂直位移和水平位移。结果表明:(1)同震重力变化图像具有以发震断层为界,呈正、负四象限对称分布特征,与震前(2019年9月—2020年9月)实测重力变化图像和发震断层左旋走滑特征具有一致性,说明其孕震过程可用闭锁剪力模型来解释;(2)在远场区域,同震垂直位移图像与重力变化图像类似,位错引起的介质密度变化效应大于地表垂直位移效应,而近场地表垂直位移效应大于介质密度变化效应,显示出负相关性;(3)同震水平位移图像具有对称的四象限特征,与GNSS实测结果显示的变形特性一致。该结果可为地震前后重力、形变观测结果的解释提供依据,同时为强震孕育的机理研究提供线索,尤其为闭锁剪力孕震模式的进一步完善提供了新的实例依据。     

Shearing wind helicity and thermal wind helicity

Helicity is defined as H ： V ω, where V and ω are the velocity and vorticity vectors, respectively. Many works have pointed out that the larger the helicity is, the longer the life cycle of the weather system is. However, the direct relationship of the helicity to the evolution of the weather system is not quite clear. In this paper, the concept of helicity is generalized as shearing wind helicity （SWH）. Dynamically, it is found that the average SWH is directly related to the increase of the average cyclonic rotation of the weather system. Physically, it is also pointed out that the SWH, as a matter of fact, is the sum of the torsion terms and the divergence term in the vorticity equation. Thermal wind helicity （TWH）, as a derivative of SWH, is also discussed here because it links the temperature field and the vertical wind field. These two quantities may be effective for diagnosing a weather system. This paper applies these two quantities in cylindrical coordinates to study the development of Hurricane Andrew to validate their practical use. Through analyzing the hurricane, it is found that TWH can well describe the characteristics of the hurricane such as the strong convection and release of latent heat. SWH is not only a good quantity for diagnosing the weather system, but also an effective one for diagnosing the development of the hurricane.     

Effects of periodic saturation on stress–strain relationship of a sandstone mixture

While a crushed sandstone particle mixture, usually used as an engineering fill, is filled along bank of or in a large reservoir, it is subjected to periodic saturation induced by filling-drawdown cycles of reservoir water. The periodic saturation may induce post-construction settlement, and reduce stability of the filled body. In order to evaluate the effects of periodic saturation on stress–strain relationship of the mixture, several triaxial tests are carried out. According to experimental data, the periodic saturation may induce an increment of axial strain (Δε; <0.226%), a decrement of crest of deviator stress (Δ(σ₁?σ₃)_f; <0.192?MPa) and a decrement of angle of shearing resistance (Δφ; <3.70°). With increment of the number of periodic saturation cycles, the variations of the three parameters may be fitted by logarithmic curves. And with increase in the stress level for periodic saturation, the variations of the three parameters may be fitted by straight lines. Three fitting equations to predict the three parameters’ values, and an equation to calculate the settlement induced by the periodic saturation of a large-area filled foundation, are suggested.     

Groundmass pargasite in the 1991–1995 dacite of Unzen volcano: phase stability experiments and volcanological implications

Pargasite commonly occurs in the dacitic groundmass of the 1991–1995 eruption products of Unzen volcano. We described the occurrence and chemical compositions of amphibole in the dacite, and also carried out melting experiments to determine the low-pressure stability limit of amphibole in the dacite. The 1991–1995 ejecta of the Unzen volcano show petrographic evidence of magma mixing, such as reverse compositional zoning of plagioclase and amphibole phenocrysts, and we used a groundmass separate as a starting material for the experiments. Reversed experiments show that the maximum temperature for the crystallization of amphibole is 930°C at 196 MPa, 900°C at 98 MPa, and 820°C at 49 MPa. Compared with the experimental results on the Mount St. Helens dacite, present experiments on the Unzen dacitic groundmass show that amphibole is stable to pressures ca. 50 MPa lower at 850°C. Available Fe–Ti oxide thermometry indicates the crystallization temperature of the groundmass of the Unzen dacite to be 880±30°C, suggesting that the groundmass pargasite crystallized at >70 MPa, corresponding to a depth of more than 3 km in the conduit. The chlorine content of the groundmass pargasite is much lower than that of phenocrystic magnesiohornblende in the 1991–1995 dacite of Unzen volcano, indicating that vesiculation/degassing of magma took place before the crystallization of the groundmass pargasite. The present study shows that the magma was water oversaturated and that the degassing of magma along with magma mixing caused crystallization of the groundmass amphibole at depths of more than 3 km in the conduit.     

在二维应力状态下土体地震动偏应力的特征

地震作用在土体中产生的动偏应力包括动水平剪应力τｖｈ 和动正应力差［σｐ － σｈ］ ／２ 。本文讨论了这两种动偏应力分量之间相互变化的关系     

土剪切流变试验仪改进设计

土流变测定仪由土剪切试验仪改制而成,主要由剪切仪机架、剪切盒、垂直荷载杠杆加压系统、水平剪力施加系统等部件组成。水平剪力施加系统采用重力加压,两级变矩传动,传动系中配置了滚动轴承,安装了测力计,保证了试验数据的准确性。该土流变测定仪重量轻,体积小,结构紧凑,操作简便,具有剪切试验和流变试验两用功能。