现代地壳应力场研究

本文简要介绍研究现代地壳应力场的途径,包括测震学、地应力测量、构造地质学、岩石有限应变测量和平衡剖面等方法。在内容方面强调历史分析。模拟实验的目的在于确定应力数据之间的内在联系和区域分布,以达到绘制一系列的应力图件。最后提出检验模拟实验结果的准确性和可靠性的三条判据。     

水位下降条件下土钉加固土坡破坏特性研究

水位下降是导致滑坡的重要原因之一,而土钉是加固土坡的有效手段。进行离心模型试验,再现了水位下降时土钉加固土坡的变形和破坏过程,测量了土坡的位移变化。试验结果表明,水位下降条件下土钉加固土坡的破坏模式以绕钉破坏为主,滑裂面从坡顶逐渐向下发展至坡面;土钉加固土坡的破坏过程与变形局部化过程表现出显著的耦合变化;土钉加固机制主要表现为通过土钉与坡体的相互作用,减小土坡的变形和变形局部化程度,从而提高土坡的稳定性。增加土钉长度使得滑裂面向坡内部移动,显著减小土坡的变形及变形局部化程度,从而提高了土坡安全性。     

Karst Collapse Mechanism and Criterion for Its Stability

Karst collapse, caused by natural or artificial abstraction of groundwater, has been a focus of environmentalgeological problems for its ever-increasing hazardousness. The potential erosion theory and vacuum suction erosion theory, which reveal the origin of karst collapse macroscopically, are popularly accepted. However, a mathematic prediction criterion for karst collapse cannot be established only by these two theories. From a new perspective, this paper attempts to explain the microcosmic mechanism of karst collapse on the basis of these two theories. When the shear stress surpasses the shear strength of soil, a certain point or a certain plane in the unconsolidated soil covering karst caves will fail under the mechanical effects of water and air as well as its load-pressure, and with the increase of damaged points, a breaking plane appears and the soil on karst caves is completely damaged; as a result, the karst ground collapses. On the basis of the Mohr-Coulomb failure theory and previous studies,     

Compressibility and shear strength of a residual soil

A detailed study was performed to investigate the compressibility and the shear strength of a residual soil in Omdurman, Sudan. The soil resulted from weathering of sandstone and mudstone. The soil is classified as sandy clayey silt (MH-CH) and is generally partially saturated. Consolidation tests were performed to study the compressibility of the soil and UU, CIU and insitu tests (CPT and SPT) were performed to study the shear strength characteristics of the soil. The characteristics of this residual soil can generally be predicted using correlations proposed in the literature for transported soils. The soil is of low to medium compressibility and exhibits slight apparent overconsolidation behavior. The soil dilates during shear and shows no long term effective cohesion. Problems associated with open cuts in this soil are attributed to loss of strength upon saturation.     

节理裂隙边坡锚注加固机制及特性研究

本文通过对节理裂隙边坡锚注加固模型的力学推导,得出锚注加固工法可以提高岩石边坡弱面抗剪强度和抗剪刚度的结论;指出锚注结构可以充分发挥锚杆和注浆体各自的材料潜能,从而避免锚杆单独作用所存在的弊端;结合某高速公路边坡加固工程,阐述了锚注加固工法的技术特点及工艺流程,指明压力注浆可以针对边坡岩体的薄弱环节,直接进行有效的处理,使边坡的稳定性得以提高,并就边坡锚注加固施工中存在的技术问题,提出相应的处理措施.     

非线性弹性模型的改进

本文在邓肯-张模型进行深入探讨的基础上,提出了切线模量实质物理意义是剪切模量的观点,并分别采用应力法和应变法推导了剪切模量和体积模量(或变形模量)公式,还进行了考虑Biot固结非线性弹性油罐地基有限元实例分析。对不同的变形模量计算方法进行了比较,提出了改进的非线性弹性模型。     

Prediction of pile settlement using artificial neural networks based on standard penetration test data

In recent years artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been applied to many geotechnical engineering problems with some degree of success. With respect to the design of pile foundations, accurate prediction of pile settlement is necessary to ensure appropriate structural and serviceability performance. In this paper, an ANN model is developed for predicting pile settlement based on standard penetration test (SPT) data. Approximately 1000 data sets, obtained from the published literature, are used to develop the ANN model. In addition, the paper discusses the choice of input and internal network parameters which were examined to obtain the optimum model. Finally, the paper compares the predictions obtained by the ANN with those given by a number of traditional methods. It is demonstrated that the ANN model outperforms the traditional methods and provides accurate pile settlement predictions.     

一种模拟韧性剪切带中椭球状标志体运动、变形的新方法

韧性剪切带中赋存的椭球状应变标志体(砾石、碎斑等)是研究剪切带运动学、动力学的重要应变标志体。传统研究中椭球状标志体通过对野外露头的观测或与实验岩石学结合,判断剪切带运动方向、探讨运动学和流变学特征。随着数值模拟技术在韧性剪切带中的引入和推广,国内外许多学者试图恢复椭球状标志体的运动轨迹和变形特征,并取得了显著的成果。然而,国内文献对于模拟韧性剪切带椭球状标志体的定量及模拟研究甚少,研究方法也鲜为介绍。基于此,针对韧性剪切带中椭球状标志体变形的最新研究进展,详细介绍建立在Jeffery理论和Eshelby理论之上的数值模拟思路和方法,并利用Mathcad软件模拟了给定条件下的椭球状标志体的运动轨迹、变形特征。     

对粉喷桩检验方法的认识和探讨

介绍了检验复合地基承裁力及桩身完整性的主要方法静裁荷试验、低应变反射波法，并对检测应满足的前提条件进行了认识和探讨。     

华北地台北缘花岗岩—绿岩型金矿田及盲矿体的找矿模型

花岗岩—绿岩型金矿田的找矿模型地质上是富镁铁质绿岩、韧性剪切带与重熔岩体的三体一位;物探上位于航磁高背景场的负磁异常带边缘,矿田晕分散流异常规模大、强度高,有明显的浓集中心。隐伏矿床、盲矿体的找矿模型地质上是韧性剪切带、退变质带及脆性断裂带的三体一位;物探上呈现高极化率、低电阻、位于磁异常边缘的“一高一低一边”模型;化探原生晕上呈现As、sb、F、Ag、Bi、W的找矿模型。