Possible creep-related tilt precursors obtained in the Central Apennines (Italy) and in the Southern Caucasus (Georgia)

Daily averaged tilt component data from two sites of the Central Apennines (Italy) and of the Southern Caucasus (Georgia), respectively, revealed intermediate-term tilts as possible precursors to earthquakes (M=3.0÷4.7) which occurred in the above-mentioned seismic areas within a distance of 50 km from the sites. A good temporal correlation as well as a fair spatial correspondence between these residual tilts (with amplitude and duration of some microradians and months, respectively) and main shocks were pointed out, by removing both secular trends and seasonal thermoelastic effects from the raw tilts. An attempt was made to justify the above-mentioned results, based on the assumption that the observed intermediate-term preseismic tilts are the manifestation of aseismic creep episodes of comparable duration in the fault materials of thrust faults close to the tilt sites. The mechanism refers to a strain field slowly propagating from the preparation focal area to the tilt site, through crustal blocks separated by weak transition zones. This propagation is thought to be the cause of the local aseismic fault slip recorded by the tiltmeters. Previously, both discrete structures and strain propagation effects were revealed in the Central Apennines and are thought also to exist in the Southern Caucasus. As in the past, the rheological properties of fault materials are revealed as viscoelastic ones. In fact, creep equations obtained by applying several viscoelastic models on our data, proved to fit quite well some of the observed tilt precursors, producing viscosity and rigidity values very similar to those reported in literature.Professor Petr Viktorovich Manjgaladze died during the writing of this paper     

滇西区域构造应力场分析

云南地处印度板块、欧亚板块—中国大陆碰撞带东缘,地壳运动剧烈,主要受到印度板块NE向挤压与川滇菱形块体SSE滑移的联合作用.在构造上,云南地区可以划分为滇缅泰板块、印支板块、扬子板块、华南板块等4个一级构造单元和腾冲块体、保山块体、兰坪—思茅弧后盆地、盐源—丽江陆缘坳陷、滇中坳陷、康滇古隆起、滇东坳褶等7个二级构造单元...     

降雨下边坡开挖支护离心模型试验

为研究降雨下高速公路高边坡在开挖及运营过程中的变形规律及稳定性,以柳南公路改扩建工程某处典型高边坡为原型,利用大型土工离心机及自主研发降雨装置,开展12组不同开挖-支护时序边坡模型试验,通过对边坡从变形至破坏全过程监测,分析不同支护时序条件对边坡稳定性的影响。结果表明:实时支护能有效抑制边坡在水平和竖向的变形,在边坡开挖至第1级和第6级后,坡顶水平变形分别降低33.9%和30.4%,竖向变形降低54%和11.6%;实时支护对维持降雨下边坡稳定状态非常有利,边坡开挖至第2、4、6级后遭遇降雨,其稳定系数降低了10.1%、5.4%、6.5%;相同降雨量下,无实时支护边坡的稳定系数要比实时支护至少降低50%,说明了实时支护对降雨下边坡稳定性的意义巨大。      

Characteristics of horizontal crustal deformation in Japan as deduced from frequency distribution of maximum shear strain rate

In order to study characteristics of horizontal crustal strains, we divide the Japanese Islands into 14 tectonic provinces consistent with the suggestion given byMatsuda (1990). We calculate frequency distribution of strain rates using the results of the Precise Control Survey initiated by the Geographical Survey Institute in 1973. This survey is a revision of old first- and second-order triangulation networks by trilateration. The principal axes and principal strains inside all the geodetic triangles are deduced from the comparison of the old triangulation and the new trilateration networks. The maximum shear strain rates are calculated by dividing the accumulated strains with the time intervals. The frequency distribution of strain rates is counted for each tectonic province and for the entire Japanese Islands. It is proved that the maximum shear strain rate with highest frequency ranges from 0.10–0.15 microstrain/a for 4409 data in the Japanese Islands. The mean value of the strain rates throughout the Japanese Islands is deduced to be 0.18 microstrain/a. We also calculated a mean value of strain rates for each tectonic province. Comparison is made between mean geodetic strain rates in the provinces and Quaternary strain rates estimated by geomorphic data. It is found that 0.3–0.4 microstrain/a of the highest order strain rate is now prevailing in the Izu province, the south Fossa-Magna collision zone, and some special provinces along the eastern part of the Japan Sea coast.     

夜间气象能见度的测量研究

运用能见度理论和双止偏光能见度测定仪原理，讨论了夜间气象能见度的测量原理和一种新的测量方法，并完成了初步的野外对比试验，得出了比较结论。     

五台山西部狐狸山含金韧性剪切带的地球化学研究

狐狸山金矿区，在无蚀变作用参与的韧性变形过程中，岩石化学成分发生了明显的变化。但大多数微量元素含量变化不大，稀土元素配分模式基本不变，它们可以反映原岩的特点。蚀变糜棱岩型矿体与围岩相比，稀土配分模式、亲硫元素Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｃｕ和两性元素Ａｓ、Ｓｂ含量差别显著，尤其是Ａｕ含量，前者是后者的百倍～几万倍，金的成矿作用主要与韧性变形后期富金流体的蚀变作用关系密切。     

华家岭雾凇气候特征与预报研究

基于华家岭国家基本气象站 1951-2020 年气候资料,应用Morlet小波分析法、Mann-Kendall突变检验、气候倾向率等方法分析华家岭雾凇气候变化特征,应用箱线图法分析适宜雾凇形成的气象条件,应用Bayes逐步判别法建立雾凇预报模型。结果表明：华家岭年平均雾凇日数69.1 d,呈减少趋势,气候倾向率为-2.5 d/10a,2018年后减少显著,2015年为突变年;呈现稳定的5 ａ短波动周期和25 ａ长波动周期。各季节变化趋势存在差异,春季（-1.2 d/10a）、秋季（-1.5 h/10a）呈减少趋势,冬季（0.05 d /10a）呈微增加趋势。从月分布看,华家岭除7、8月份其余时间均有雾凇出现,2月最多;各月雾凇日数的线性变化趋势不一致,4、10月下降显著;1、2月雾凇日数年际变化小。适宜华家岭雾凇形成的气象条件是日平均气温-10.8～-1.0 ℃、最低气温-13.5～-3.5 ℃、风速2.3～6.3 m/s、相对湿度大于65%。选用日平均气温等13个变量作为预报因子建立雾凇预报模型,经回判检验,分月检验准确率84.0～90.0%。研究结果可为地区旅游产业的发展规划和冰雪旅游气象服务提供参考,加速推进冰雪旅游产业发展,助力乡村振兴战略。     

螺旋桩基础抗拔试验研究

异型的桩体几何形式增加了抗拔螺旋桩的桩土相互作用复杂性,抗拔试验研究有利于了解螺旋桩基础的承载机制和影响因素。通过16次原型桩抗拔试验,实测了单桩上拔荷载-位移曲线（U-Z曲线）,该曲线表现出多拐点、渐进型特点,采用单位荷载的桩顶位移变化率、桩顶位移增量以及结合地基变形特征的方法判定了3种桩型的抗拔极限荷载。用U-Z曲线、lgU-Z曲线和P/Pu-Z曲线初步分析了桩体埋深、深宽比、首层叶片埋置深度以及叶片距宽比等参数对螺旋桩基础抗拔承载性状的影响。试验表明,抗拔螺旋桩的埋深、首层叶片埋置深度和叶片距宽比存在临界点,影响桩土的工作性状和破坏模式。     

高地应力围岩分区碎裂化的时间效应分析和相关参数研究

本文阐述了高地应力围岩分区碎裂化现象的形成需要经过一定的时间,但这段时间不会很长;采用蠕变理论对岩石分区碎裂化的时间效应进行了分析;推导了能够描述加速蠕变阶段的流变模型-改进的西原模型的本构方程和蠕变方程,在此基础上求出了岩石分区碎裂化发生时破裂带半径(破碎带距巷道中心的距离)的公式。     

强夯法处理某变电站红砂岩填土地基的试验研究

通过对某变电站红砂岩填土地基的强夯试验研究,验证了强夯设计参数,为基础设计提供了依据,并对红砂岩地区采用强夯地基处理技术进行了探讨,供类似工程的设计、施工及检测借鉴参考。