Annotated bibliography of methodology for assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources

An annotated bibliography of methodology of assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources is presented as a useful reference for those engaged in resource assessment. The articles that are included deal only with quantitative assessment of undiscovered or inferred resources. the articles in this bibliography are classified largely according to the major assessment method that was applied in each situation. Major assessment methods include areal and volumetric yield methods, field size distributions, historical extrapolation, deposit modeling, organic geochemical mass balance methods, and direct expert assessment. Other categories include mathematical tools, reserve growth/confirmation, quantitative characterization of undiscovered resources, and general topics. For the purpose of future updates, we solicit contributions of articles that may have been missed in the preparation of this bibliography.     

Forecasting petroleum discoveries in sparsely drilled areas: Nigeria and the North Sea

Decline function methods for projecting future discoveries generally capture the crowding effects of wildcat wells on the discovery rate. However, these methods do not accommodate easily situations where exploration areas and horizons are expanding. In this paper, a method is presented that uses a mapping algorithm for separating these often countervailing influences. The method is applied to Nigeria and the North Sea. For an amount of future drilling equivalent to past drilling (825 wildcat wells), future discoveries (in resources found) for Nigeria are expected to decline by 68% per well but still amount to 8.5 billion barrels of oil equivalent (BOE). Similarly, for the total North Sea for an equivalent amount and mix among areas of past drilling (1322 wildcat wells), future discoveries are expected to amount to 17.9 billion BOE, whereas the average discovery rate per well is expected to decline by 71%.     

Lead-zinc resource prediction in India: An application of Zipf's law

Resource prediction is necessary for allocation of exploration efforts to keep pace with future demand and the growth pattern of a commodity. Zipf's law, a mathematical relationship between size and rank of discrete phenomena, has been used for resource prediction of oil in Western Canada, uranium, gold, tin, and lead-zinc deposits in Australia, and copper deposits in Zambia. The model, applied to lead-zinc metal accumulation of 24 known precambrain deposits in India, indicates that about 75% of the lead-zinc metal is yet to be discovered. The probability of occurrence of 14 deposits of larger dimensions based on the cumulative percentage frequency for different accumulations lies between 5 and 30%. In future exploration, preference should be given to more effort in the Banded Gneissic Complex of Rajasthan in comparison to Aravalilis of Rajasthan, followed by similar environments throughout the country and Palaeozoic strata of the Himalayas.     

我国“三北”防护林地区土地资源及其开发潜力探讨

本文简要总结了我国“三北”防护林地区土地资源的区域分异、质量、数量及防护林体系的开发潜力。     

红壤丘陵区地表水资源动态与合理调蓄利用研究

以红壤丘陵景观中相对独立且整体性强的集水区为基本单元,重点研究了集水区内降水、蒸散、水量蓄存等地表水资源的年变化。结果表明,降水资源在集水区内的陆面拦截蒸散、塘堰蓄存、排出集水区三者中的分布比例约为7:2:1,在水土保持型坡地的植被拦截、土壤渗流、地表径流三者中的分布比例约为3:5:2;每公顷1m土体中的土壤贮水量,在丰水季节,水土保持型坡地要比非水保坡地高出864.0～1067.0m3,少水季节则高出647.0～855.0m3。研究结果还表明,以集水区为单元的农业灌溉用水量,一般为年降水量的12%左右,蓄存此水量的塘堰面积应占集水区土地总面积的11%左右,对于塘堰面积已占土地总面积10%左右的红壤丘陵区而言,抗御季节性干旱依靠扩大塘堰蓄水已不现实,其主要途径应是充分发挥水库工程和"土壤水库"的巨大抗旱潜力。     

贵州省资源生态环境信息系统的建立

贵州省资源生态环境信息系统是贵州省生态环境建设规划 (黔府发 [1999]12号文件 )制订的八大重点建设工程项目之一。该系统的目的是进行资源及生态环境的动态监测 ,掌握其变化状况 ,为进行资源开发和山区生态环境的保护与综合治理提供可靠的决策信息支持。从贵州省资源生态环境信息系统省级系统的实际研建过程出发 ,介绍了地理信息系统技术和遥感技术相结合在此类信息系统中的应用情况和特点     

ERDAS软件在森林资源分类工作中应用

在森林资源分类经营工作的实践中,通过ERDAS软件和3S技术与传统资源调查方法的比较,提出了应用ERDAS软件和3S技术进行资源调查的技术手段具有无可比拟的优势的观点。采用3S技术来完成林业资源分类区划项目,克服了原先调查方法上存在的周期长、工作量大、费时、费力、结果不准确的问题,具有周期短、省时、省力、数据精度高、统计结果准确的优势。ERDAS软件在项目的进行过程中起到了非常重要的作用,有将近80%的工作都是在ERDAS软件中完成的。     

忻州市重点水源地监测调查报告

忻州市重点水源地的建设，关系到两地城市工、农业生产用水及生活用水等。为确保水资源的可持续利用，保证国民经济可持续发展，开展重点水源地调查和研究已成为一项十分必要和紧迫的工作。本调查报告为科学化管理水资源提供了第一手资料。     

"防止模拟失真,提高仿真性"是数值模拟的核心

提出地下水资源调查与评价的目标、基础、主线、手段和核心5个方面的基本关系;水文地质调查设计书应提出拟建的概念模型;指明当前数值模拟的核心是"防止模拟失真,提高仿真性";强调对水文地质条件的正确分析和建立模型论证的重要性。要避免对水文地质条件、地下水流动基本特征未加精细分析就提出数学模型。水文地质模拟者不应单纯地追求"拟合",只有在合理概化水文地质模型和采用正确的仿真技术的基础上才有真正意义上的拟合。模型识别是对水文地质条件的再认识。指出沿井孔滤管的进水流量和水头如何分布及用什么方法预测是当前井孔 含水系统数值模拟最基本的问题之一。列举了其中常见的、容易导致模拟失真的若干模拟要素。     

龙口市水资源时空分析信息系统构建研究

水资源时空分析计算是水利部门经常需要解决的问题。由于涉及的要素多、数据量大，每次分析计算都要投入大量的人力、物力和财力，成果的时效性也差，一定程度上影响了领导的决策。水资源时空分析系统可以有效地克服这些缺陷，为科学合理地利用水资源提供依据。文章介绍了龙口市水资源时空分析系统的构建方法、系统特点以及应用效果。