A new concept to forecast the process of suspended sediment accumulation in the bottom sediment of small reservoirs

The new concept presented for forecasting the rate of accumulation of suspended sediment in reservoir water in the bottom sediment allows reasonable estimates of the siltation process globally, regionally, or locally, to be obtained without the need for costly research. The method draws on three key parameters, i.e., the concentration of suspended sediments (SS), and its organic matter (OM_SS) content, as well as the storage capacity (V_R) (i.e., the water storage in the reservoir). All of these parameters easy to determine, with information on them, in fact, made widely available by most agencies managing reservoirs in different parts of the world. In practice, the proposed method can represent a missing link in the precise determination of a reservoirs rate of siltation (and hence, losses of storage capacity).     

试论煤层气藏概念与成藏要素

通过对前人煤层气藏概念的调研和对煤层气性质及成藏要素的研究, 认为: 煤层气藏是在压力封闭作用下, 吸附煤层气达到相当数量的煤岩体或煤层, 是煤层气聚集和煤层气勘探开发的基本地质单元。煤层气藏的成藏要素主要包括煤层条件、压力封闭和保存条件。煤层条件是煤层气藏形成的物质基础, 压力封闭是煤层气藏的必要条件, 保存条件是煤层气藏从形成到现今能够存在的前提。      

三峡库区与西南库区消落带植物多样性及群落构建比较

近年来,我国西南流域陆续建成多座梯级高坝大库工程,随之形成的大面积水库消落带面临着植物恢复等问题,能否借鉴三峡库区消落带已有的大量植物修复成果和经验尚缺乏科学依据。通过对2021年出露期三峡库区和西南库区消落带现存植物进行调查,采用淹水时间统一划分淹水梯度带,淹水时间7个月及以上为重度淹水区(S)、淹水时间为5～6个月为中度淹水区(M)和淹水时间4个月及以下为轻度淹水区(L),定量比较了三峡库区和西南库区消落带沿各淹水梯度的物种组成、物种多样性和系统发育多样性,探讨了水库消落带物种组成的驱动因子、植物群落构建策略以及多样性维持机制等。结果显示,三峡库区消落带共发现维管束植物20科36属36种,西南库区消落带共发现维管束植物21科41属45种,二者物种组成的Jaccard、Sorensen相似性系数分别为30.65%、46.91%,均以一年生为主要生活型、菊科和禾本科为优势科,相似的淹水时间可能是导致二者物种组成相似的主要因素;西南库区消落带的Gleason丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数整体优于三峡库区消落带,二者物种...     

A one‐dimensional process‐based approach to study reservoir sediment dynamics during management operations

A comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of erosion and sedimentation in reservoirs under different management conditions is required to anticipate sedimentation issues and implement effective sediment management strategies. This paper describes a unique approach combining fluvial geomorphology tools and morphodynamic modeling for analyzing the sediment dynamics of an elongated hydropower reservoir subjected to management operations: the Génissiat Reservoir on the Rhône River. Functional sub‐reaches representative of the reservoir morphodynamics were delineated by adapting natural river segmentation methods to elongated reservoirs. The segmentation revealed the link between the spatial and temporal reservoir changes and the variability of longitudinal flow conditions during reservoir management operations. An innovative modeling strategy, incorporating the reservoir segmentation into two sediment transport codes, was implemented to simulate the dynamics of erosion and sedimentation at the reach scale during historic events. One code used a bedload approach, based on the Exner equation with a transport capacity formula, and the other used a suspended load approach based on the advection–dispersion equation. This strategy provided a fair quantification of the dynamics of erosion and sedimentation at the reach scale during different management operations. This study showed that the reservoir morphodynamics is controlled by bedload transport in upper reaches, graded suspended load transport of sand in middle reaches and suspended load transport of fine sediments in lower reaches. Eventually, it allowed a better understanding of the impact of dam management on sediment dynamics. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

潮页1井钻探施工技术

潮页1井是在潮水盆地布置的第一口页岩气资源调查井,取心质量要求较高,地层有大段泥页岩层段,易水化剥落,施工难度大。本文着重介绍了潮页1井取心工艺、钻头选型、冲洗液技术及井斜控制技术等相关的施工经验。潮页1井采用大口径绳索取心技术,第四系地层以深全井取心,该技术在甘肃地区鲜有可供参考的施工案例,而该井岩心采取率接近90%。钻进过程中通过选用合理的钻进参数和护壁性能较强的冲洗液体系,解决了施工中遇到的地层“打滑”、井壁稳定性差等技术难点,保障了潮页1井的顺利完工。     

含水率对页岩动态弹性力学性质的影响研究

声波测试是研究岩石动态力学性质的一种重要的无损检测方法。在有机质丰富的页岩中,页岩的力学性质受含水量、岩石层理、总有机碳含量(TOC)和微观结构变化的影响。本研究在声波测试前,首先使用CT扫描技术对鹰滩页岩的每组测试样品进行扫描,对实验样品的完整性进行筛选,利用核磁共振法(NMR)测定样品的含水率。然后利用超声波脉冲传输技术在不同围压下对每组测试岩心进行声波测试。测试后,利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析了样品的矿物组分,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对微结构进行了表征。研究结果表明:围压和含水率对纵波(P波)和横波(S波)速度均有显著影响,两种速度都随着围压的增加而增加。含水率的增加会降低横波与纵波的波速,含水率对横波速度比纵波速度的影响更大。含水率降低了杨氏模量和剪切模量,增加了体积模量、拉梅参数和泊松比。分析表明,引起岩石力学性质含水率变化的机制可能是粘土-水相互作用、化学反应和毛细压力变化的综合结果。     

Relationship Between Electrical Properties and Sedimentary Environment of the Longmaxi Formation Shale, Southern Sichuan

The Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the south of Sichuan is a key player in the exploration and development of shale gas in China. Due to a highly complex topographic area, electromagnetic methods (EM) become important exploration means in this area. Many studies have been conducted on the shale mineral composition and electrical properties of shale, however, the correlation between sedimentary environments and the electrical properties of shale remain poorly understood. The electrical properties and sedimentary environment of the organic-rich shale of the Longmaxi Formation have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction, organic geochemistry, scanning electron microscopy and complex resistivity measurements. The discovered high quartz content of the Longmaxi Formation shale results in low resistivity. Deep-water shelf biogenic quartz contributes lower resistivity more than that of shallow-water terrigenous quartz. The deep-water anoxic and organic sedimentary environment led to major enrichment of pyrite, leading to a high polarization effect in shale. We present the correlation between the lithofacies types and electrical properties of Longmaxi Formation. The mixed siliceous shale lithofacies is the most favorable among the three lithofacies, which is characterized by high total organic carbon (TOC) content, high brittleness mineral content, high polarization and low resistivity (“three high and one low”). This feature is an effective identification of shale gas reservoirs by electromagnetic prospecting. Our study can provide constraints on electrical parameters of rocks for electromagnetic “sweet spot” exploration of shale gas, and so this has important geological significance to shale gas exploration and development.     

西昌盆地上三叠统白果湾组富有机质泥页岩沉积岩相古地理与孔隙特征

海陆过渡相富有机质泥页岩是页岩气勘查开发的重要领域。本文以西昌盆地上三叠统白果湾组富有机质泥页岩为研究对象,对研究区内富有机质泥页岩的沉积岩相古地理特征、微观孔隙类型、孔隙结构特征进行研究。白果湾组富有机质泥页岩段沉积相主要为湖泊相、三角洲相、河流相。发育不同类型的微孔隙,孔隙主要以小孔为主,微孔次之,平均孔径分布在5.56~56.89nm之间,比表面积平均为9.44m²/g,总孔体积平均为0.0187cm³/g。页岩气主要形成于滨浅湖亚相及半深湖亚相中,并主要吸附于富有机质泥页岩的小孔、微孔内;西昌盆地白果湾组富有机质泥页岩储集空间较好,具有良好的勘探潜力。