葡西地区油气储层泥质与粘土含量的计算方法研究

泥质和粘土含量是储层评价中很关键的参数,但是其解释精度一直难有很大的提高。以大庆油田西部地区的储层为例,研究了提高解释精度的方法。首先对粒度和X衍射粘土分析数据的用途和质量检查方法进行讨论。对自然伽马、自然电位等多种方法计算泥质含量的效果进行了对比,筛选了适合本区的解释方法。在此基础上,进一步对砂岩、泥岩参数的选取方法进行了研究,提出了变砂岩参数和分层平均方法。应用结果表明,在研究的区域,采用本文论述的方法计算泥质含量和粘土含量,比以往的解释精度有了大幅度的提高。     

国外油页岩的地下开采及环境恢复

介绍了国外油页岩地下开采方法、疏干井、加热井／生产井和监测井的分布，以及开采结束后环境的恢复治理方法。值得国内借鉴。     

The application of elastic impedance inversion in reservoir prediction at the Jinan area of Tarim Oilfield

The Triassic reservoir in the Jinan area of Tarim Oilfield consists largely of interbedded sand and shale. Because of the large overlap between sandstone and shale impedance, it is difficult to distinguish sandstone from shale by acoustic impedance alone. Compared to acoustic impedance, elastic impedance contains more lithologic and physical information of the reservoir. Based on meticulous well-tie calibration, elastic impedance data volumes for 10°, 20°, and 30° emergence angles are obtained using pre-stack elastic impedance inversion. A non-linear statistical relationship between elastic impedance and shale content is set up by a PNN neural network. The non-linear mapping relationship is used to predict the reservoir shale content from elastic impedance, which will depict and predict the reservoir oil-bearing sands.     

奇偶齿鱼脊式聚晶钻头的设计及在油页岩地层的钻进效果

在壳牌石油公司油页岩资源项目钻探施工中，针对复合片钻头产生滑槽式的研磨回转而出现憋泵、糊钻、烧钻、进尺慢等问题，研制了奇偶齿鱼脊式聚晶钻头，并设计了合理的水路系统，与复合片钻头相比钻进效率成倍提高。     

Strength of two structured soils in triaxial compression

Oil sands are dense granular materials with interlocked structure and clay shales are heavily overconsolidated clays. They are classified as structured soil or weak rock, exhibiting high peak strength with severe softening and dilation, particularly at low confining stress. The triaxial compression test results indicate that both materials yield linear Mohr–Coulomb envelopes with an apparent cohesion for peak and residual strengths. However, the strength components mobilized from these two materials are very different. This paper investigates if these strength parameters are intrinsic properties or responses derived in triaxial compression conditions. Computer tomography scanning technique is used to aid in examining the micro‐structural features of the sheared specimens such as shear banding pattern, shear band thickness, spatial porosity distributions inside and outside shear bands. These micro‐structural features are used to explain the macro‐deformation response observed in the triaxial compression tests. Mobilization of strength components derived from interlocked structure, cementation, dilation, rolling and critical state are analysed for pre‐, post‐peak softening and residual stages. It is found that the empirical correlation such as Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion based on triaxial compression test results does not necessarily reflect the intrinsic properties of the test materials. Testing conditions are embedded in the empirical correlation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Parametric study of site instability due to presence of a weakening shale layer above sloping bedrock

Several areas of St. Louis County, Missouri have been classified as unstable for any type of construction because of the presence of highly plasticity soil/shale on sloping bedrock. These areas have the potential of becoming unstable due to change in any natural condition that can change its moisture content and/or its steepness. One of the structures constructed in this area showed significant movements several years after its construction. The primary goal of this investigation was to analyze site slope configurations in these problematic areas. A parametric study of two site slope profiles, natural and modified, was performed to investigate the effects of various variables such as slope configuration and shale properties, on the stability of a site where potential of site instability exists due to the presence of a shale/clay layer above sloping bedrock. From the results of the parametric study, design charts were developed that incorporate all variables studied in this investigation. These charts will help engineers make informed decisions and help them recognize conditions, which may cause the site slope to become unstable. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Characteristics of sulfur species and their implications in Lower Cambrian black shales from southern margin of Yangtze Platform

There are different sulfur forms in the black shales from the Early Cambrian of the Yangtze platform. With its emphasis on pyrite and organosulfur, this paper discusses their distribution and formation. The research shows that sulfur phases take regular variations laterally as well as vertically in the research areas. In western researched profile with high terrigenous supply at the time it formed, there exists a larger amount of pyrite and less organosulfur, and pyrite amount declines while organosulfur content increases upwards along the profile. This black shale profile is characterized by relatively light sulfur isotope composition with evolution trend of becoming heavier both for pyrite and organosulfur from bottom to top along the profile. Opposite situation occurs in eastern profiles which were located farther away from terrigenous land. Here pyrite amount obviously decreases and organic matter has combined more sulfur, although these two kinds of sulfur species take similar trend in content variation along profiles to that for western profile. At the same time more³⁴S is accumulated in sulfur species of black shale samples from eastern profile, and sulfur isotope composition gradually turns lighter from bottom to top. In combination with other information of iron, organic carbon contents and petrographic features, it can be established that sea-level change, supply of terrigenous matters, tectonic background and natures of paleoceanic chemistry have exerted great influence on the distribution of sulfur species in these black shales.     

酯基钻井液的性能评价

近期在室内研制成功了新型的第一代合成基钻井液的代表－酯钻井液：首先成功制备了酯基液，进而从大量的试验结果中优选出了酯基钻井液配方，在此基础上，对酯基钻井液的性能进行了系统的评价，研究结果表明，所研制的酯基钻井液体系具有优良的润滑性能、储层保护性能和抗污染能力，其页岩抑制性介于柴油基和水基钻井液之间，可以适用于井底温度＞120℃的钻井条件。     

Evidence of Bio-Organic Mineralization

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