The Reference Manure Concept for Transformation Tests of Veterinary Medicines and Biocides in Liquid Manure

Veterinary medicines and biocides are frequently applied in animal houses of livestock husbandry. Due to these application patterns, they reach liquid manure. So far these substances are not transformed during manure storage, they enter soil by the application of manure as organic fertilizer. Therefore, biodegradability of veterinary medicines and biocides in manure is in the focus of regulatory procedures of environmental risk assessment. Since the representative and reproducible sampling of manures from high volume tanks is considered impossible due to high matrix variabilities, the reference manure concept was developed to utilize liquid bovine and pig manures for reproducible laboratory testing. Accordingly, excrement samples of cattle and pigs individually kept at experimental and conventional animal houses were taken. Tap water was added to matrix characterized excrements in order to prepare bovine and pig reference manures of 10 and 5% dry substance contents, respectively. Subsequently, the long‐term transformation of selected ¹⁴C‐labeled test substances was investigated under strictly anaerobic conditions. The application of different batches of bovine or pig reference manures indicated that extrapolation of transformation rates within the same animal species was possible. However, results cannot be transferred from bovine to pig manure because of substance specific interactions with the different manure matrices. The dependency of metabolic dynamics on different dry substance contents (2.5, 5, 10%) was additionally investigated in both manure matrices. These tests clearly showed that the dry substance content of the reference manure is one of the most relevant factors affecting the transformation of veterinary medicines and biocides. In contrast to highly variable tank manures, the reference manure concept allows for the exact adjustment of this parameter to guarantee reproducible laboratory testing.     

Temporal and spatial dynamical simulation of groundwater characteristics in Minqin Oasis

Application scope of geostatistics has been gradually extended from original geologic field to soil science and ecological field, etc. and its successful application results have been widely demonstrated. But little information is reported as to the direct use of geostatistical method to work out the distribu- tion map of groundwater characteristics. In this paper the semivariogram of geostatistics, in combina- tion with GIS, was used to quantitatively study the spatial variation characteristics of groundwater table depth and mineralization degree and their relation to the landuse changes. F test of the used spherical model reached a very significant level, and the theoretical model can well reflect the spatial structural characteristics of groundwater table depth and mineralization degree and achieve an ideal result. This shows that the application of the method in the dynamical simulation of groundwater is feasible. And this paper also provides useful reference for the application of geostatistics in the study of the dy- namical variations of groundwater resources in the oasis.     

基于加权影响力系数模型的区域产业结构分析——以新疆为例

 传统的产业结构分析一般将影响力因子作为优势产业选择的积极因素。但在实际中,对于处于衰退阶段的产业,较大的影响力往往意味着对区域经济发展的巨大阻滞作用。利用部门增加值进行加权的加权影响力系数的概念和方法,并结合产业增长率提出了对各产业部门发展状况进行分析的象限分析模型。运用所提出的模型,利用新疆42部门投入产出表对新疆产业发展现状进行了实证分析。结果表明：新疆石油天然气开采、化学工业等5个产业部门为强影响力-高增长速度部门,对国民经济拉动动作用明显;农林牧渔、建筑等4个产业部门为强影响力-低增长速度部门,对国民经济增长有较大的阻滞作用,有可能带来一系列的经济社会问题;仪器仪表及文化用品制造、通信设备与计算机制造等12个产业部门为低影响力-高增长速度部门,具有培育成为主导产业的潜力。     

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PDA的野外数据采集成果预处理系统的设计与开发

为了适应测绘科学技术的信息化、自动化应用发展的需求,掌上电脑（PersonalDigitalAssistant,PDA）在测绘野外数据采集得到广泛应用,本文运用面向对象的思想设计并开发了野外数据采集成果预处理系统。该系统主要由数据通信、数据记录与检查、测量数据概算、原始成果记录表格自动生成、数据格式转换五个模块组成。将该系统与全站仪结合可实现野外测量数据的高效自动化数据采集及预处理概算,为内外业数据处理一体化奠定基础。     

GIS技术在房地产市场信息系统中的应用研究

简要介绍了当前国内房地产现状、存在的问题,以及房地产市场信息系统（Real Estate Market Information System,以下简称REMIS）当前所处的发展背景,指出房产GIS在标准和应用上存在的一些问题。对房地产管理和REMIS对GIS的需求情况进行了分析。根据需求分析作者提出了GIS技术在REMIS中的几种应用模式,并指出基于楼盘表为核心的GIS应用模式将是未来房产GIS发展的方向。针对房产GIS应用的不同模式采用的几种关键技术也做了相应描述。     

彩色红外航空遥感技术在西藏农田非耕地系数测算中的应用研究与实践

西藏自治区的耕地多分布在藏东、藏南河谷地带,多数耕地地块破碎,形态各异,并且有大量的非耕地成分混杂其间,即使采用大比例尺图件,也难以测量准确的耕地面积。为准确查清耕地面积,在西藏土地资源调查工作中,独创地采用了彩色红外条带航空摄影,计算机图像处理系统求算彩色红外航空像片耕地样地中非耕地系数值和建立不同地貌、不同耕地类型非耕地系数检索表等系统的方法。该方法已在全藏调查工作中普遍推广,提高了调查精度,缩短了调查时间,大大减少了人力和经费投入。该项研究为我国山区耕地面积调查提供了有效的手段。     

遥感影像大气校正通用查找表的设计与插值算法

大气参数查找是遥感图像大气校正中一个重要的步骤。本文针对当前多数大气参数查找表普适性不强、查找表数据存储空间巨大、具体实施步骤不详细的问题,建立了一个通用化的多维大气参数查找表,其光谱分辨率为1 nm,并适用于多种遥感传感器。本文采用二进制文件方式存储查找表,并研究采用多维拉格朗日和多维反距离加权插值方法对输入参数进行插值。结果表明以二进制文件方式存储查找表,不但可以最大化地减少磁盘存储空间,还可以实现查找表数据快速随机读取;相对于多维反距离加权插值方法,多维拉格朗日插值方法的速度更快,精度更高,与MODTRAN4.0模型计算结果(真值)相比,它的误差仅为±1.0%左右。     

线与线之间的空间拓扑关系组合推理

在空间拓扑关系组合描述的基础上,进一步完善了利用基本空间拓扑关系进行组合推理的方法,并建立了组合表,详细绘制了两条线之间的空间拓扑关系图。     

基于查找表的MODIS逐像元大气校正方法研究

以6S大气辐射传输模型为基础,计算了气溶胶光学厚度、太阳天顶角、传感器天顶角以及地表海拔变化对于校正得到的地表反射率的影响,讨论了6S模型对于这些参数的敏感性,提出了一种基于查找表的大气校正方法,利用6S模型离线计算建立了不同气溶胶的光学厚度、太阳天顶角、传感器天顶角以及地表海拔条件下大气校正系数的查找表,基于该查找表对MODIS影像进行逐像元大气校正。通过对本文方法、6S在线校正方法和利用统一输入参数校正方法的比较表明,本文方法的计算结果与6S在线校正方法很接近,说明本文方法可以有效地改善由于大气条件、传感器位置等空间分布差异对MODIS图像大气校正的影响。