测试压裂分析技术在渤海B油田的应用

测试压裂分析技术是水力压裂施工前获取储层物性参数和分析压裂液性质的手段,是压裂施工顺利进行的技术保证。结合渤海某油田沙河街油藏压裂工程,介绍了测试压裂应用过程和理论基础,并简单介绍几种求取地层闭合压力的数学方法。闭合压力是压裂施工关键参数之一,不同数学计算方法推导出的闭合压力不尽相同,现场压裂工程师要根据实际测试结果选取可靠的数值。压降曲线拟合是在模型中反推出地层关键参数的方法,拟合完毕即得到针对施工地层的压裂模型,在此基础上进行主压裂设计和裂缝预测是较为准确的,以此进行施工也是安全的。     

砂砾石大坝填筑碾压的相关试验与研究

针对南疆砂砾石填筑大坝进行碾压试验,验证坝体填筑设计压实标准的合理性、检验22 t自行式振动碾的适用性及其性能的可靠性。本试验主要采用室内相对密度试验、现场的碾压测定出碾压遍数、碾压沉降及相应密实度及其他试验参数,通过试验参数列表、试验参数包络线图与设计标准值的比较,得出最佳砂砾石填筑方案,同时也确定大坝填筑时的施工碾压控制参数,从而确保了工程质量。     

正常菌与可吸入矿物细颗粒作用致突变性研究

采用Ames试验分别对蒙脱石、石英、方解石、钠长石4种可吸入矿物细颗粒及其与大肠杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌相互作用48 h后的混悬液作为受试物进行检测,分析IMG是否具有致突变性,及其与人体正常细菌群作用后,IMG/正常菌复合体是否有致突变性毒力改变。结果显示石英以及石英/大肠杆菌复合体对TA98、TA100菌株Ames试验呈阳性反应;石英/表皮葡萄球菌复合体对TA98菌株Ames试验呈阳性反应;而蒙脱石、方解石、钠长石纯矿及其与正常菌作用后的复合体Ames试验结果均为阴性。结果表明石英具有直接致突变作用;石英与正常菌菌作用后复合体依然具有致突变性,但石英表现出的碱基置换突变作用在与表皮葡萄球菌作用后消失,其机制有待进一步研究。     

高温高盐高黏油藏缔合聚合物-表面活性剂二元驱技术

针对大港油田孔南地区高温、高盐、中低渗、稠油等制约化学驱提高采收率的瓶颈技术问题,以官109 1断块枣Ⅴ油组为目标油藏,在优选适合缔合聚合物和表面活性剂基础上,进行聚合物-表面活性剂二元驱技术室内实验和现场应用研究。通过室内实验优选,缔合聚合物AP P7和表面活性剂BHS 01二元体系溶液与常规体系相比,具有较好的耐温抗盐性,拓展了常规二元驱适用油藏的温度和矿化度范围;缔合聚合物经过岩心剪切后仍能够有效建立阻力系数和残余阻力系数;通过岩心驱替实验,体系能有效提高稠油油藏的采收率,拓宽了聚合物驱适用的原油黏度范围;矿场单井试注后,注入井注入压力和启动压力升高,纵向吸水剖面得到改善,说明该体系在高温高盐条件下仍能保持较高黏度,能够有效改善水油流度比,效果明显。     

测流不确定度的插值方差估计法

目前,测流不确定度通过误差试验或通过经验数值来确定,但这些方式存在着工作量大或不确定估计不足等局限性。为解决此问题,对基于实测数据和统计理论的插值方差估计法在不同测流条件下进行了验证,选取白河、襄阳和沙洋3个流量站进行了实测数据的不确定度分析,同时对白河站进行了Monte Carlo试验,比较插值方差估计法得到的不确定度与真实误差的差异。结果表明,插值方差估计法能较好地反映水位变化的影响,插值方差估计法所得到的不确定度与真实测流误差的相关系数达0.64,与断面水位变化的Spearman相关系数达0.79,高、中水位情况下插值方差估计法的不确定度估计结果较为合理,低水位情况下偏高。     

A statistical evaluation of the potential genotoxic activity in the surface waters of the Golden Horn Estuary

The potential genotoxic activity in the surface waters of the Golden Horn Estuary was statistically evaluated utilizing a combination of appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests. The genotoxic activities that were associated with the water samples were determined by the SOS chromotest microplate assay. This assay utilizes β-galactosidase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and four different solvent controls, to generate reliable results when corrected induction factors (CIF) are used as quantitative measurements of genotoxic activity. The CIF values were obtained from a total of 384 different genotoxic experiments that were grouped into subsets according to the respective seasons and the selected sampling locations. A total of 160 subsets were statistically compared to assess any possible differences between the pairs of groups, with 95% confidence limits. The findings of this study clearly indicate that some seasonal variations exist in the CIF values at several sampling sites. However, no potentially hazardous impact to the aquatic environment was found in the estuarine system.     

Optimum design and experimental study of multiple tuned mass dampers with limited stroke

This paper develops a two‐stage optimum design procedure for multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMD) to reduce structural dynamic responses with the limitation of MTMD's stroke. A new performance index, which is a linear combination of structural response ratio and MTMD stroke ratio by a weighting factor α, is proposed; α is in the range from 0 to 1.0. The larger the α, the more important the stroke. The case of α=1.0 indicates that MTMD is locked. The analytical results show that the MTMD's stroke can be significantly suppressed with little sacrifice of structural control effectiveness when an appropriate α is selected. To verify the design algorithm, a 360 kg‐MTMD composed of five TMD units arranged in parallel was fabricated. Shaking table tests of a large‐scale three‐story building with and without the MTMD under earthquake excitations were conducted at the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) in Taiwan. The experimental results show that MTMD is not only effective in mitigating the building responses but also is successful in suppressing its stroke. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic performance of an unreinforced masonry building: An experimental investigation

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to investigate the seismic performance of a two storey brick masonry house with one room in each floor. A half‐scale building constructed using single wythe clay brick masonry laid in cement sand mortar and a conventional timber floor and timber roof clad with clay tiles was tested under earthquake ground motions on a shaking table, first in the longitudinal direction and then in the transverse direction. In each direction, the building was subjected to different ground motions with gradually increasing intensity. Dynamic properties of the system were assessed through white‐noise tests after each ground motion. The building suffered increasing levels of damage as the excitations became more severe. The damage ranged from cracking to global/local rocking of different piers and partial out‐of‐plane failure of the walls. Nevertheless, the building did not collapse under base excitations with peak ground acceleration up to 0.8g. General behaviour of the tested building model during the tests is discussed, and fragility curves are developed for unreinforced masonry buildings based on the experimental results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Soil–structure interaction effects observed in the in situ forced vibration and pushover tests of school buildings in Taiwan and their modeling considering the foundation flexibility

In the conventional structural seismic analysis, the rigid base model is usually adopted without considering the flexibility of the ground, leading to inaccurate estimation of the vibration characteristics and the seismic response of the structure. In 2007, several in situ tests were conducted by the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) on the school buildings in the Guanmiao Elementary School in Tainan, Taiwan. For the study of soil–structure interaction (SSI) effects, the forced vibration test (FVT) was performed, and the deformation of the foundation system was measured during the pushover test. In this paper, the results of these in situ tests are presented and discussed, and the finite element models of the school buildings were generated for the simulation of the FVT and for the pushover analysis in order to investigate the difference between the rigid base model and the flexible base model. Results show that the mechanical properties of the structure and the foundation could be demonstrated in these in situ tests. Additionally, the introduction of the flexibility of the foundation has a considerable influence on the results of structural analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

汶川地震高速远程滑坡机制实验研究

汶川大地震触发了多处高速远程滑坡,导致了大量的人员伤亡及财产损失。其中,东河口滑坡是这次地震触发的最为典型的高速远程滑坡之一,同时也是目前备受关注、争论颇多的滑坡之一。野外调研结果表明,该滑坡的成因和动力特征主要包括震裂溃屈、水平抛射、碎屑流化和振动液化等4个方面。为了对该滑坡滑动过程中的振动液化这一动力特征进行模拟再现,在东河口滑坡体上采集了具有代表性的滑带土作为试验样品,并以该地震时的实测地震波作为动力输入,利用目前国际上最先进的DPRI环剪试验机,对滑坡滑动过程中的振动液化现象进行了一系列环剪试验研究。结果表明,地震作用过程中,发生在滑坡潜在滑面上的振动液化现象是导致高速远程滑坡产生的一个重要因素;伴随着振动液化过程,滑体的剪切强度迅速降低并产生逐渐增大的剪切位移,为高速远程滑坡的形成提供了条件