Tide-induced Lagrangian residual velocity and dynamic analysis based on field observations in the inner Xiangshan Bay,China

In the Xiangshan Bay at the east coast of China, coastal marine pollution is conspicuous and severe in recent years. As transport of the pollutants is closely related to the coastal circulation, there is a great practical significance to investigate the circulation in this area. In this work, the surface pattern and vertical profiles of Lagrangian residual velocity (LRV) were studied based on field observation data from the inner Xiangshan Bay. By tracking GPS-GPRS drifters’ trajectories, the surface LRV pattern is going out in the central deep trough and flowing inwards near the shoreside. Combined with data from two mooring stations, vertical profiles of LRV is flowing out at surface and flowing in at the bottom, consistent with the gravitational circulation induced by baroclinic effects at the estuary. However, according to the diagnostic analysis, the main mechanism driving the residual current is barotropic rather than baroclinic. The LRV equation is controlled by the tidally-averaged barotropic pressure gradient force, tidal body force and tidally-averaged turbulent stress, while the tidally-averaged baroclinic pressure gradient force is one order of magnitude less than other forces. Additionally, the tidally mean eddy viscosity coefficient which is used in the expression of tidally-averaged turbulent stress might be not adequate and requires further studies.     

利用海水平均声速进行海洋分布式垂直缆姿态校正

垂直缆地震采集方法能够获得高信噪比、宽频带、宽方位角的地下结构的反射资料,进而实现目标区域的高精度成像。垂直缆姿态的准确获得是高质量地震资料解编的必要前提。利用初至采样点差值与震源激发采样点差值的相关匹配方法,得到共检波点道集。依据超短基线测得的位置参数,得到垂直缆的初始姿态模型,结合海水平均声速的估算值,校正垂直缆的姿态以及确定倾斜角度范围,为垂直缆地震数据的后续处理工作提供支持。     

滇西北地区近年来应力场的数值模拟研究

建立滇西北地区三维有限元地质模型,将2009~2016年GPS速度场数据作为数值模拟的位移边界条件,模拟获取该地区的构造应力场。结果表明,在楚雄至滇西北地区整体显示张性应力区;出现由“洱源鹤庆断裂-红河断裂-程海断裂”圈起的低值张性区,区域内部张性应力明显低于外部,这种张应力低值区尤其在区域四周断裂边界处,往往是地壳断裂活动的频发区;曲江断裂北端及元谋-绿汁江断裂南端出现张性应力集中区,是今后重点关注的断裂结点。     

珊溪水库地区深部构造探测研究

通过对珊溪水库地区进行深地震反射探测,获得该地区近地表至地壳中部的精细几何结构和深浅构造关系。结果表明,该地区地壳结构在纵向具有明显的分带性,在横向显示出以断层为界的块状结构特点。研究区内走向北西的双溪-焦溪垟断层向深部延伸超过20 km进入中下地壳,为该区域内主要控制性断层,主要影响周围浅部断层的发育,是该地区主要发震构造。     

基于"山西2015速度模型"的定位方法对比研究

为了确定山西台网基于“山西2015速度模型”的相对固定的定位方法,选择2010~2016年最大空隙角小于45°、参与定位台站数大于40的103个地震事件,分别采用单纯形法、Hypo2000、Hyposat结合PTD等3种方法重新测定。结果显示,单纯形法和Hyposat结合PTD测定的残差以及网缘地震的震中距两方面均优于Hypo2000;在震源深度方面,Hyposat结合PTD的结果较为可信。综合分析认为,基于“山西2015速度模型”定位地震时,山西台网应固定使用Hyposat结合PTD的方法。     

四川省CORS网地壳运动速度场模型研究

使用GAMIT/GLOBK解算2006~2015年覆盖四川地区的50个CORS站的观测数据,并提取坐标时间序列,获得速度场模型。对四川省整体地壳运动以及区域应变场进行分析,结果表明,四川省CORS站水平方向平均速度为38.72 mm/a,速度场的优势方向为S73.9°E;欧亚框架下水平方向平均速度为14.40 mm/a,优势方向为S77.78°E,较ITRF2008框架下的速度降低了24.32 mm/a;垂直方向平均速度为3.43 mm/a,整体上表现为隆升状态,位于东部平原的少部分测站处于下降趋势,可能是由于城市建设、地下水或者煤矿、石油等自然资源的过度采伐导致;最大主应变率达到7.31×10-11/a,最小主应变率为-5.4×10-11/a,其中区域地壳面膨胀率高值区域集中在川西,低值区域和最大剪切应变率高值区域分布在三大断裂带附近。     

Observations and analyses of floc size and floc settling velocity in coastal salt marsh of Luoyuan Bay, Fujian Province, China

In coastal environments, fine-grain sediments often aggregate into large and porous flocs. ElectroMagnetic Current Meters (EMCM) and Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST-ST) have been deployed within a Spartina alterniflora marsh of the Luoyuan Bay in Fujian Province, China, to measure the current velocity, the floc size and the settling velocity between 15 and 22 January 2008. During the observations, the near-bed water was collected in order to obtain the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and constituent grain size. Data show that: (1) the nearbed current velocities vary from 0.1 to 5.6 cm/s in the central Spartina alterniflora marsh and 0.1–12.5 cm/s at the edge; (2) the SSCs vary from 47 to 188 mg/dm 3 . The mean grain size of constituent grains varies from 7.0 to 9.6 μm, and the mean floc sizes (MFS) vary from 30.4 to 69.4 μm. The relationship between the mean floc size and settling velocity can be described as: w s =ad b , in which w s is the floc settling velocity (mm/s), a and b are coefficients. The floc settling velocity varies from 0.17 to 0.32 mm/s, with a mean value of 0.26 mm/s, and the floc settling velocity during the flood tide is higher than that during the ebb tide. The current velocity and the SSC are the main factors controlling the flocculation processes and the floc settling velocity.     

Study of A Geo-Acoustic Model of Gas-Bearing Sediment and Its Application in Sediment with Low Acoustic Velocity

A new geo-acoustic model for gas-bearing sediment is proposed based on the work of Dvorkin and Prasad, and Biot theory. Only five geophysical parameters: sediment mineral composition, free gas saturation, tortuosity (also known as the structure factor), permeability, and porosity, are considered in the model. A benefit of this model is that we need only five parameters instead of ten parameters in the Biot’s formulas for acoustic velocity and attenuation calculation. Here the model is demonstrated with the in-situ experimental data collected from the Hangzhou Bay, China. The results of this study suggest that free gas content in sediment is the most critical condition resulting in a low acoustic velocity (compressional wave). The respective contributions of the other four parameters in the model are also discussed.