基于扎根理论的乡村人居环境系统脆弱性-恢复力整合研究——演化特征、路径与理论模型

面对无处不在且不可预测的变化,减轻乡村人居环境系统脆弱性,增强恢复力成为实现乡村可持续发展与振兴的必要途径。基于田野调查与扎根理论方法,以黄土高原佳县为研究区,自下而上建构了乡村人居环境系统脆弱性-恢复力的演化路径与理论模型。研究发现：(1)自然生态系统、社会经济系统、设施与服务系统范畴形成了7组典型脆弱性-恢复力演化路径。其中,地形与生态、气候变化与灾害、农业农村市场、人口发展等范畴为演化路径中的扰动来源,政策与工程、家庭行为范畴为应对扰动的行动策略,每条路径表现出相应的脆弱性、恢复力演变特征。(2)聚焦乡村人居环境系统的现实困境,政府与家庭两大利益主体做出了减轻脆弱性、建立恢复力的响应行动。家庭响应聚焦于生计及公共服务领域,缺乏应对生态风险、人口空心化与文化淡化的行动。政府层面侧重于响应经济与生计困境、生态风险,而在建立文化恢复力与应对公共服务供给脆弱性的广泛行动较为缺乏。(3)提出了“三足式”系统脆弱性-恢复力演化理论模型。“三足”分指扰动、行动、脆弱性-恢复力演化结果,三足之间交互耦合,且行动内部政府层与家庭层相互适应。最后,文章基于热点范畴、脆弱性与恢复力联合、家庭行为方面提...     

The impact of perceived urban human settlement quality on subjective well-being: A case study using urban health examination data in the Yangtze River Delta region北大核心CSCD

城市体检是促进中国城市人居环境高质量和提升城市居民幸福感的创新举措,但却很少有研究正面关注城市体检社会评价对居民福祉的影响。论文基于2021年住建部在长三角地区8个样本城市开展的大规模城市体检社会满意度调查数据,采用主成分分析和多元回归分析相结合方法,分别探讨了长三角地区居民的城市人居环境质量感知因子及其对居民幸福感的影响,并从以人为本视角提出长三角地区城市人居环境高质量发展策略。研究发现:(1)城市体检社会满意度评价指标共提取了7个城市人居环境感知评价主成分因子,分别命名为城市管理、城市活力、城市舒适、城市宜居、城市包容、城市安全和城市便利,累计贡献率达到66.767%。(2)城市人居环境感知评价因子均对长三角地区城市居民幸福感具有显著影响,但不同城市人居环境感知评价因子的影响方向却存在差异性。其中,城市管理、城市活力、城市舒适、城市宜居和城市包容等因子显著正向影响幸福感,城市安全和城市便利等因子显著负向影响幸福感。(3)不同城市规模居民幸福感的人居环境主导因子有所不同,同时不同户口和年龄居民幸福感的人居环境影响因素也有差异。研究结果对促进长三角地区城市居民幸福感提升和指导城市人居环境建设具有重要的决策参考作用。     

The political economy of informal settlements in post-socialist China: The case of chengzhongcun(s)

Informal settlements become an intriguing spatial dimension of urbanization in those countries which experience the systemic shift from socialism to neoliberal regimes. This paper takes chengzhongcun(s) (literally meaning ‘villages encircled by the city’ boundaries) as a case to explore the dynamics of informal settlements in post-socialist China that has certain distinctive features related to the legacy of socialist institutions and restructuring of urban space by various forces. The paper details the political and economic contexts, as well as the ways in which chengzhongcun(s) are transformed into functional but unregulated urban space. It also elucidates the policy approach towards formalizing chengzhongcun(s) and confrontation involving in government-led redevelopment. The analysis illustrates how spatial informality is shaped by the interaction of economic interests and political considerations in a post-socialist economy with retaining the rural-urban dualism of land ownership and the control of urban citizenship.     

基于RS与GIS的三峡库区(重庆段)人居环境适宜性评价

To explore geographical differences in quantitative characteristics and spatial pat-tern of human settlements environmental suitability (HSES) in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA),terrain,climate,hydrology,vegetation and other natural factors were selected to build the livable environmental evaluation,and the quantitative analysis was conducted through Remote Sensing(RS) and Geographic Informational System (GIS) to reveal geo-graphical characteristics and spatial patterns of HSES.The results are obtained as follows:(1) inhabitants of the TGRA of Chongqing are concentrated in the area with moderate high HSES,which is 78% of the total population distributed in 48% of the study area;(2) the HSES is closely related to the terrain,and it forms an arc-banded spatial succession pattern:relatively low in the northeast and the southeast while comparatively high in the west and the south;(3) large numbers of people are distributed in the area with low suitability (with higher population density than the average of the western China),but economic development level in these areas is quite low.Moreover,these areas are ecological sensitive and fragile,many kinds of eco-environmental problems have been caused by human activities.Therefore,population migration and layout are reasonable options for the development of these areas.     

农村聚居的相关概念辨析

在新农村建设成为国家战略的背景下,有关农村聚居的研究日趋活跃。令人担忧的是,学术界对农村聚居的相关概念并未取得共识,概念的混乱给农村聚居的规范研究造成了明显的障碍。针对这一情况,对农村聚居的相关概念进行辨析,这些概念包括农村聚落、农村聚居、村落、村庄、农村居民点、农村聚落环境以及农村人居环境等。农村聚居是以村落、集镇（市）等聚落形式及周边环境为载体,以血缘、地缘性群体集中居住、生产、生活为内容的复杂系统,具有产生、发展、成熟、衰退、重生等演变过程。与聚落的差别主要体现在其以人为中心的系统性、综合性和有机性;农村聚落环境以聚落为中心,人包含在聚落中;农村人居环境以人为中心,人的主体地位突显。     

杭州城市人口密度对人居环境感知的影响

研究人口密度与人居环境感知的非线性关系对于合理控制大城市规模、制定适宜的人口密度控制标准以及寻求城镇化科学发展具有重要的现实意义。以杭州为案例城市,基于2020年住建部“城市体检”社会满意度问卷调查结果和杭州城市建成环境空间数据,利用三阶段逐步回归模型和中介效应检验重点分析了人口密度与居民生态宜居感知、健康舒适感知和交通便捷感知的非线性关系,并分析了人口密度对不同维度人居环境感知的影响路径。研究发现：人口密度与居民生态宜居感知、健康舒适感知和交通便捷感知具有显著的倒U型关联,当人口密度在（1.5~2.0）万人/km²时,居民对这3个维度的感知情况最好;在影响路径方面,人口密度对居民生态宜居感知的影响路径为部分中介,对居民健康舒适感知以及交通便捷感知的影响路径为完全中介。研究不仅可以加深对于紧凑城市理论的理解,还可以为城市体检工作中指标参照值的设置提供科学的参考依据,促进新型城镇化健康有序地发展。     

Property-based redevelopment and gentrification: The case of Seoul, South Korea

The urban experiences of South Korea in times of its rapid urbanisation and economic growth show that wholesale redevelopment had been a dominant approach to urban renewal, leading to redevelopment-induced gentrification. This was led by a programme known as the Joint Redevelopment Programme, transforming urban space that was once dominated by informal settlements into high-rise commercial housing estates. This paper tries to explain how this approach was possible at city-wide scale in its capital city, Seoul. Through the examination of redevelopment processes in a case study neighbourhood, it puts forward three arguments. First, the development potential arising from the rent gap expansion through under-utilisation of dilapidated neighbourhoods provided material conditions for the sustained implementation of property-based redevelopment projects. Second, this paper critically examines the dynamics of socio-political relations among various property-based interests embedded in redevelopment neighbourhoods, and argues that external property-based interests have enabled the full exploitation of development opportunities at the expense of poor owner-occupiers and tenants. Third, South Korea had been noted for its strong developmental state with minimum attention to redistributive social policies. The Joint Redevelopment Programme in Seoul was effectively a market-oriented, profit-led renewal approach, in line with a national housing strategy that favoured increased housing production and home-ownership at the expense of local poor residents’ housing needs.     

Gated barriadas: Responses to urban insecurity in marginal settlements in Lima,Peru

The explosive growth of so‐called marginal settlements in Latin America's cities has received considerable academic attention in past decades. The inability of the state to adequately provide affordable housing for a rapidly growing urban population has meant that these neighbourhoods relied on community mobilization to achieve common objectives of basic infrastructure and legal recognition. With increasing consolidation and less need for coordinated action, many local organizations lost their rationale. Fear of crime and violence, a major concern in Latin American metropolises, is inscribed on the urban landscape by a growing number of gated and fortified residential enclaves for the better‐off. Marginal neighbourhoods, however, experience a ‘security gap’ as they receive insufficient police protection and lack the financial resources to employ private guards. In many cases, the real or perceived insecurities of inner‐city life have prompted organized bottom‐up, mostly informal and sometimes vigilante, responses. Drawing on research on the rise of informal security‐related interventions in the neighbourhoods of Lima Metropolitana, Peru, this paper explores the rationales underlying the different approaches and adoptions, including the involvement of the main actors, community associations and other local interest groups.     

洛阳地区史前聚落遗址空间形态研究

史前聚落与聚落之间按照一定的社会组织原则,在空间上近距离相聚而形成的各种聚落群聚形态,不仅是当时人类一种普遍生活方式的反映,而且还为窥探和研究史前社会的历史演变提供了一个视窗与平台。以中原核心地区洛阳地区(以洛阳盆地为主)为例,作为史前聚落群聚形态和社会演变的代表与典范展开研究。以仰韶文化时期与龙山文化时期的洛阳盆地为研究重点,基于GIS技术对该地区已发现的史前聚落遗址的数量、规模、空间分布、空间相互关系、以及与地形、地貌的空间关联等进行可视化的表达分析,并充分挖掘空间及属性信息,揭示"聚落群"与"聚落群团"的组织形态特点,辅助分析该地区聚落形态和社会演变规律,为史前文明进程的研究提供空间分析支撑。     

零散多边形综合质量评价研究

研究了零散多边形综合的质量评价,采用定性和定量相结合的方法,通过描述要素特征确定各要素特征的评价指标,然后整合各特征评价结果,得到地图综合的整体质量评价结果。以土地利用图中的农村居民点综合为例,介绍了其质量评价的过程,验证所提方法的可行性。