建筑工程沉降监测若干问题的探讨

根据多年沉降监测的实际经验,结合国家及行业的有关规范标准,对建筑工程沉降监测的方法、监测点的布设、周期的安排等问题进行了探讨,提出了一些新的见解。     

Compressibility characteristics of soils

Compressibility characteristics of soils forms one of the important soil parameters required in design considerations. Compression index, C_c, which is the slope of the linear portion of void ratio, e vs. logaritham of effective pressure p(log p) relationship, is extensively used for settlement determination. The e–log p is most often assumed to be linear at higher pressure range and hence C_c is taken as a constant. Both published experimental results as well as results obtained in this investigation reveal that the e vs. log p could be curved, concave upwards or concave downwards depending upon the soil plasticity characteristics and initial water content. Thus, assuming C_c to be constant may not be valid for many cases. In this paper, an alternate procedure is given to characterise the compressibility of a soil. Experimental results show that the deformation expressed as a percent of thickness of the soil, (strain) vs. effective pressure could be treated as a rectangular hyperbola and the behaviour could be characterised by two parameters, a and b. Characterising the compressibility behaviour with effective pressure by two parameters is better than a single parameter, C_c.     

Creep and rate of loading effects on geogrid- reinforced sand

This paper presents the results of studies of creep and rate of loading effects on geogrid-reinforced dune sand. Model plate load tests were conducted on reinforced sand beds under displacement and load controls. Displacement controlled set of plate load tests were carried out in the range 1–0.001 mm/min. Load controlled set of plate load tests were carried out in which the staged pressure was held constant for 6000 min. Results indicate that rate of displacement (strain rate) is very significant for potential improvement of geogrid-reinforced sand. Both stiffness and bearing capacity of geogrid-reinforced sand increases logarithmically with rate of displacement. Geogrid reduces the creep of sand especially in the working pressure range. A simple stiffness degradation and creep relationships were obtained for geogrid-reinforced dune sand. The results of the tests are reported, and the significance of each control variable is assessed.     

Chemically induced deformation of a porous layer coupled with advective–dispersive transport. Analytical solutions

In this paper a chemically induced deformation of porous material taking place during advective–dispersive transport of a chemical is considered. Linearized governing equations are derived and analytical solutions of 2 one‐dimensional problems for a homogeneous layer with drained boundaries are developed. Numerical results for a particular clayey material and a chemical migrating through the layer showing distributions of concentration of chemical, changes in porosity of the material and pore fluid pressure, and evolution of settlement of the layer as functions of time are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Asaoka法对路堤沉降越级预测初探

Asaoka法可很好地根据有限次沉降观测结果推算建筑物的最终沉降,但遗憾的是其只能基于本级荷载下沉降观测记录对本级荷载下最终沉降进行预测。本文针对多级填土下的路堤沉降问题,探讨了如何利用该法进行越级预测的思路,给出了该法图解中每级荷载下沉降数据对应的直线在纵坐标轴上截距与路堤高度之间的近似关系。最后,结合工程实例,根据某级荷载下沉降记录对下一级最终沉降作了预测,所得的结果精度还是令人满意的。     

全过程沉降量预测的Logistic生长模型及适用性研究

地基的全过程沉降量与时间的关系呈S形曲线，可用Logistic生长模型来描述。目前应用的Logistic生长模型，较少考虑模型的适用范围和预测精度等问题。结合工程实例，比较了模型参数估计的三种方法，研究结果表明，采用非线性回归法估计模型参数，可取得较好的预测效果；根据混沌理论，研究了模型的适用范围和预测性能。Logistic生长模型的动态行为由参数α(瞬时沉降速率)决定，当参数α的取值范围在[0，2]之内，该模型预测的最终沉降量是稳定的。     

基于内蕴时间理论的地基沉降问题研究

应用基于内蕴时间理论的土流变性研究的有关结论对地基沉降问题进行了探讨。给出了地基沉降随时间变化的计算公式,然后对公式进行了验证,并且把所得到的地基沉降计算公式与现有的具有代表性的地基沉降公式进行了对比。结果表明本文给出的公式具有较好的准确性。     

锚杆静压桩施工产生的附加沉降问题初探

根据锚杆静压桩沉桩时桩周土体的受力模式, 对附加沉降产生的原因进行了分析, 提出了附加沉降的计算公式, 并进行了实例计算与分析。     

疏水沉降地层竖向可缩性井壁附加力分布规律研究

通过数值分析和模型试验研究,揭示了竖向可缩性井壁附加力分布规律。研究表明,可缩性井壁可有效衰减附加力和井壁截面轴向应力;与单一可缩接头相比,设置两个可缩接头衰减附加力更为有效;提出的可缩接头设置优化原则,对科学、合理地设计竖向可缩性井壁具有重要的指导意义。     

城市固体垃圾填埋场不均匀沉降分析

老垃圾填埋场竖向扩建时垃圾堆体的不均匀沉降控制是中间防渗衬垫系统设计的基础,正确计算和分析垃圾堆体的不均匀沉降将是老填埋场竖向扩建时成功与否的关键。研究了竖向扩建时垃圾不均匀沉降,并介绍了不均匀沉降的计算方 法,结合工程实例对老填埋场竖向扩建时垃圾不均匀沉降影响进行了分析,从工程技术角度提出了相应的解决方案。