Attitude determination using a multi‐antenna GPS system for hydrographic applications

A four‐antenna GPS attitude determination system was used to estimate roll, pitch, and heading parameters of a 52‐meter surveying vessel in an operational marine environment. The least squares algorithm for platform attitude estimation using multiple baseline vector observables is presented. An efficient on‐the‐fly carrier phase ambiguity searching method is derived, which utilizes the Cholesky decomposition method and the known baseline constraints between the GPS antennas to construct the potential ambiguity sets on the sphere. The accuracy of the estimated attitude parameters from the GPS multi‐antenna system was assessed with an independent inertial navigation system (INS). Results from sea trials show that the proposed GPS multi‐antenna system and processing algorithms delivered a satisfactory performance under various ship maneuvers. The accuracy of GPS estimated ship attitude parameters is better than 0.06 degrees at an output rate of 10 Hz. Such a performance demonstrates a new alternative means to provide accurate, reliable, and cost‐effective ship attitude information for hydrographic applications.     

How to Assess Visual Communication of Uncertainty? A Systematic Review of Geospatial Uncertainty Visualisation User Studies

Abstract

For decades, uncertainty visualisation has attracted attention in disciplines such as cartography and geographic visualisation, scientific visualisation and information visualisation. Most of this research deals with the development of new approaches to depict uncertainty visually; only a small part is concerned with empirical evaluation of such techniques. This systematic review aims to summarize past user studies and describe their characteristics and findings, focusing on the field of geographic visualisation and cartography and thus on displays containing geospatial uncertainty. From a discussion of the main findings, we derive lessons learned and recommendations for future evaluation in the field of uncertainty visualisation. We highlight the importance of user tasks for successful solutions and recommend moving towards task-centered typologies to support systematic evaluation in the field of uncertainty visualisation.     

草原旅游发展中社区居民的感知与态度分析

社区居民是旅游地最核心的利益相关者,其对旅游发展的感知和态度是旅游发展状况的“晴雨表”。研究以希拉穆仁和辉腾锡勒草原旅游区为例,运用问卷调查和借助社会统计软件工具,分别就社区居民对草原旅游发展影响的感知和态度、旅游业发展的态度、参与旅游发展能力的感知和态度、参与旅游发展行为的感知和态度等方面进行调查与分析。通过因子分析可知：（1）草原社区居民参与旅游发展的意愿比较强烈;（2）对旅游发展影响的正效应持积极态度;（3）对旅游发展促进居民素质提高比较认同;（4）对旅游业总体持欢迎态度,但对旅游业发展现状还不太满意;（5）对旅游发展影响的负效应持中立态度。最后希望政府能够为社区居民提供旅游相关的教育培训,以培养其参与旅游发展和利益分享的技能。     

浅析江河源区生态系统脆弱性研究的科学问题

长江、黄河源区位于青藏高原腹地,是我国气候变化的敏感区和脆弱区,面对全球气候变化以及我国冰冻圈萎缩的压力,明晰基于冰冻圈变化条件下江河源区生态系统脆弱性的科学问题,是长江、黄河流域生态安全保障及社会经济持续发展的客观要求。在分析江河源区范围、江河源区和我国冰冻圈的关系、目前生态系统脆弱性研究的基本特点的基础上,在全球气候变化和冰冻圈变化的复杂背景下,提出并阐述了江河源区生态系统脆弱性研究的5个重要科学问题：（1）脆弱性概念的延伸和拓展;（2）气候系统的非线性作用;（3）脆弱性评价的时空尺度;（4）脆弱性评价的临界阈值;（5）脆弱性评价的界面链接等。     

湖南首个固体矿产勘查3000m科学深钻选址研究北大核心CSCD

湘南地区地处钦杭成矿带和南岭成矿带的结合部位,成矿条件优越。湘南深地资源勘查开采项目实施的单孔3000 m科学深钻主要目标是验证和完善Cu-Sn复合成矿理论的研究成果,探索华南复杂地层的深部钻探工艺及方法,推动深部探测技术示范与找矿突破。因此,科学深钻的孔位优选是实现科学目标的关键。本文通过对坪宝地区成矿地质条件、典型矿床特征、控矿因素、地球物理探测信息等的综合分析认为:湘南坪宝地区发育多处与花岗岩成因关系密切的Cu-Sn多金属矿床,是开展深部探测的有利部位。根据坪宝地区物性特征、广域电磁测量和坑道重力测量解译结果,认为区域控岩控矿构造在深部至少有3~5 km的延伸,且广域电磁法异常对浅部矿化蚀变构造带具有良好的反映,矿化蚀变构造带向深部具有较好延深趋势。综合见矿可能性、矿床垂向分带规律、矿种组合及前期深部物探成果,结合浅部地质背景、已知矿化延伸及野外施工条件等因素,选择在宝山铜多金属矿区北西部的165剖面线上开展3000 m钻探验证。     

大陆科学钻探工程技术发展动态及趋势分析

钻探是直接获取地下实物资料和提供测量通道的唯一技术方法,科学钻探是人类解决所面临的资源、灾害、环境等重大问题不可或缺的重要手段。本文简要回顾了大陆科学钻探技术发展概况,通过对大陆科学钻探新技术发展动态前沿问题及发展路线进行调研,梳理总结了大陆科学钻探工程面临的高温、高压、高地应力、井斜、取心等技术难题,并提出了以高度集成化、智能化的绿色钻探技术为研究方向的发展路线图,为大陆科学钻探工程进一步发展及组织实施提供参考。     

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On the attitude dynamics of perturbed triaxial rigid bodies

Attitude dynamics of perturbed triaxial rigid bodies is a rather involved problem, due to the presence of elliptic functions even in the Euler equations for the free rotation of a triaxial rigid body. With the solution of the Euler–Poinsot problem, that will be taken as the unperturbed part, we expand the perturbation in Fourier series, which coefficients are rational functions of the Jacobian nome. These series converge very fast, and thus, with only few terms a good approximation is obtained. Once the expansion is performed, it is possible to apply to it a Lie-transformation. An application to a tri-axial rigid body moving in a Keplerian orbit is made.     

科钻一井钻探施工技术路线和钻探施工概述

简单介绍了中国大陆科学钻探工程科钻一井的钻探施工技术路线和钻探施工情况,提供了一些原始数据和科钻一井钻探施工完成的技术经济指标。     

黑河流域地下水循环演化规律研究

大量野外调查研究表明，气候变化和人类活动对黑河流域地下水循环和更新演变具有重要影响；平原区浅层地下水主要是现代水补给，35％来自祁连山区基岩裂隙水通过地表径流转化补给，其他是降水和冰雪融水在山前戈壁带入渗补给，具有较强的更新能力；深层承压水主要形成于地质历史时期区域性补给，与现代水循环有联系；中游区人类活动是造成下游区地下水补给能力减弱、地下水水位持续下降和生态环境退化的重要因素。因此强化中游区人类活动的科学调控，是实现黑河流域地下水可持续利用和下游区生态环境有效保护的关键。