塔里木盆地塔东地区中—上奥陶统海底扇浊积岩层序地层格架及沉积特征

塔东地区是塔里木盆地重要的油气资源战略接替区域之一。在剖面、测井和岩心资料的基础上,以Cross的高分辨率层序地层学理论为指导,对区内中—上奥陶统海底扇相浊积岩进行了初步的层序地层分析,识别出了6个三级层序,并建立了横向连井层序地层对比格架,揭示了地层的时空展布规律。在对海底扇相沉积特征研究的基础上,首次以三级层序为单位勾绘了6期海底扇扇体形态的平面展布图,分析了各期扇体的平面展布特征;最后,依据扇体形态,结合其岩性特征和重矿物分析,对海底扇的物源方向进行了初步的探讨,得出该区海底扇物源应来自北部的库鲁克塔格地区,研究成果为本区今后的油气勘探工作提供了依据。     

西藏羊湖二厂电站厂房区泥石流危险性评价

泥石流的活动特征及其危险性评价对电站的施工及运行有重要意义。根据羊湖电站厂房区勘查所获取的资料,对厂房区后山5条泥石流沟的成因进行了分析,在此基础上将层次分析法(AHP)应用到泥石流危险性评价研究中。对该厂房区5条泥石流沟的危险度评价表明,5号沟泥石流危险度最高,4号沟次之,1号沟、2号和3号沟危险度相对较低。泥石流危险度与流域面积的大小呈正比关系。     

中国PGE矿床类型分析

中国PGE（铂族元素）矿床类型分析,PGE（铂族元素）矿床包括Pt,Pd,Rh,Ru,Os,Ir6种元素,它们有着很强的亲“S”性和亲“Fe”族元素性,同时和Mo,Te,As,Sb,Bi等元素也有亲缘关系。这些相关元素在不同介质中,组成不同的元素组合,叫做元素“序列”,共有7个序列,它们对PGE形成有选择性的萃取和捕获能力,叫“萃捕剂”,再加上PGE自身的地球化学差异性,就可能形成多种不同的PGE矿床类型。列举了6个矿床实例,提出了成矿五要素,分析了中国PGE矿床前景,认为成矿和地幔岩初始岩浆密切相关。     

高分辨率层序地层学在油田上的应用

高分辨率层序地层学以全新的思路系统地提出了诸多层序地层学的新概念、新方法、新模式。运用该理论体系能增加层序地层分析的分辨率,从而可更有效地提高储层描述和储层模拟的合理性,将地质解释、测井解释和地震解释技术有机地结合在一起。凭借比以前更高精度的高分辨率层序地层学,是对油田进行系统储层评价和预测的一种有效途径,也是未来储层研究发展的一种趋势。本文就该理论在油田应用方面提出一些看法,阐述了高分辨率层序地层学在油田上的实际应用及目前存在的一些问题。     

层序地层学在隐蔽圈闭预测中的应用--以松辽盆地南部为例

根据松辽盆地南部地区典型的反演地震剖面及典型井的体系域、层序的发育特征,在松辽盆地南部地区共识别出9个层序、12个体系域,并应用层序地层学理论对松辽盆地南部地区青山口组及姚家组隐蔽圈闭进行了预测.研究结果表明:砂岩透镜体岩性圈闭主要分布于青二段及姚二三段高水位体系域;砂岩上倾尖灭岩性圈闭主要分布于姚一段水进及高水位体系域;地层超覆圈闭主要分布于各个水进体系域;断层-岩性圈闭和构造-岩性圈闭可以分布于各个体系域,分别取决于断层和构造发育层位.     

南华北盆地青白口系—侏罗系层序界面时空分布特征研究

以位于秦岭—大别造山带之北、华北陆块南部、地跨华北陆块稳定块体、陆块南部边缘变形带的南华北盆地为研究对象,通过对研究区42条不同时代的野外剖面详细观测,运用层序地层学理论,把南华北盆地作为一个整体系统,对青白口系—侏罗系层序界面特征及时空分布规律进行了系统分析,共识别出了8种类型层序界面的物质表现形式,分别是不整合面、渣状层、古喀斯特作用面、冲刷侵蚀面、超覆面、岩性岩相转换面、最大海泛面、最大湖泛面。并重点讨论了各类型界面的时空分布特征。结果表明：在时间演化上,从早到晚由海相—海陆过渡相—陆相,层序界面经历了海相沉积不整合、古喀斯特作用面、渣状层到陆相不整合面、冲刷侵蚀面等;在空间上,同一层序界面在不同相带表现形式不同,同一种类型的界面可在不同相带出现,但不同相带表现特征有一定差异性。     

Molecular ecological study of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Siganus spinus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">S. guttatus</Emphasis> from Okinawan waters based on mitochondrial DNA control region sequences

The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region was sequenced to examine the genetic variability and gene flow of juvenile Siganus spinus and S. guttatus. In total, 461 nucleotide sequences were obtained from 69 specimens of juvenile S. spinus from Okinawa Island and Ishigaki Island, in which 17 variable sites and 22 haplotypes were identified. Haplotype diversity (h) was high (0.9244 in Okinawa and 0.8984 in Ishigaki), whereas nucleotide diversity (π) was low (0.0063 in Okinawa and 0.0059 in Ishigaki). The two populations were not genetically distinct. Siganus guttatus, which do not form large schools at recruitment, in contrast S. spinus, were also analyzed by studying 152 individuals collected off Okinawa Island, Miyako Island, and Ishigaki Island. Of 476 nucleotide sequences, 50 were variable, and 42 haplotypes were identified. Genetic variability values were high (h = 0.8766 and π = 0.0151 in Okinawa; h = 0.9640 and π = 0.0192 in Miyako; h = 0.9161 and π = 0.0199 in Ishigaki). The Okinawa population was genetically isolated from the Miyako and Ishigaki populations. As a result, genetic diversity was high for each of these siganid populations despite their being target species for fisheries; however, the degree of inter-population gene flow was higher for S. spinus than S. guttatus, suggesting that these species exhibit different dispersal strategies.     

东濮凹陷沙三段盐岩成因及含盐地层层序划分

东濮凹陷沙三段高水位期沉积深灰色、暗色泥岩与少量重力流砂体,低水位期沉积盐岩、膏岩、低位三角洲与扇三角洲,从而形成纵向上深湖泥岩与蒸发岩、低位砂岩的频繁互层沉积。根据岩心资料、盐岩沉积序列特点及沙三段沉积期古气候和古环境特点,认为盐岩为浅水蒸发成因。深水相泥岩与浅水成因的盐岩频繁互层表明沙三段沉积期湖平面变化频繁。基于盐韵律特征划分准层序的方法,使得层序地层划分更为符合东濮凹陷含盐地层的实际情况。     

8种石首鱼类线粒体基因组特征及分子系统进化分析

为探讨石首鱼科(Sciaenidae)鱼类分子系统进化关系,采用生物信息学方法分析了黑鳃梅童鱼(Collichthys niveatus)、棘头梅童鱼(C.lucidus)、大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)、小黄鱼(L.polyactis)、鮸鱼(Miichthys miiuy)、白姑鱼(Pennahia argentata)、黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora)和皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belangerii)共8种石首鱼类线粒体基因组全序列的基本特征。结果显示,除皮氏叫姑鱼外,其余7种石首鱼类编码的37个基因排列顺序与脊椎动物线粒体基因组相同。基因组碱基分布存在不均衡现象,A+T含量高于G+C含量。线粒体基因组的基因变异位点分析结果表明,ND4和ND5基因可作为COI基因的辅助分子标记,应用于石首鱼类群体遗传学的研究中。黄鱼亚科5种鱼类13个蛋白质编码基因的Ka/Ks比值远低于1,显示出较强的纯化选择。皮氏叫姑鱼与其他石首鱼间的遗传距离均较大且亲缘关系较远,暗示叫姑鱼属或为石首鱼类中较为原始的类群。基于线粒体基因组全序列构建NJ系统树支持黄鱼亚科和白姑鱼亚科亲缘关系较近的形态学结论。而基于去除控制区后序列和13个蛋白质编码基因序列构建的系统树则表明两亚科鱼类间的差别在非编码区更为明显。     

Assessment of soil erosion in a monsoon-dominated mountain river basin in India using RUSLE-SDR and AHP

The long-term average annual soil loss (A) and sediment yield (SY) in a tropical monsoon-dominated river basin in the southern Western Ghats, India (Muthirapuzha River Basin, MRB; area: 271.75 km²), were predicted by coupling the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and sediment delivery ratio (SDR) models. Moreover, the study also delineated soil erosion risk zones based on the soil erosion potential index (SEPI) using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique. Mean A of the basin is 14.36 t ha^?1 year^?1, while mean SY is only 3.65 t ha^?1 year^?1. Although the land use/land cover types with human interference show relatively lower A compared to natural vegetation, their higher SDR values reflect the significance of anthropogenic activities in accelerated soil erosion. The soil erosion risk in the MRB is strongly controlled by slope, land use/land cover and relative relief, compared to geomorphology, drainage density, stream frequency and lineament frequency.