CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Flux Measurements over the Sea Surface by Eddy Correlation and Aerodynamic Techniques

The measurements of the vertical transport of CO₂ were carried out over the Sea of Japan using the specially designed pier of Kyoto University on September 20 to 22, 2000. CO₂ fluxes were measured by the eddy correlation and aerodynamic techniques. Both techniques showed comparable CO₂ fluxes during sea breeze conditions: −0.001 to −0.08 mg m⁻²s⁻¹ with the mean of −0.05 mg m⁻²s⁻¹. This means that the measuring site satisfies the fetch requirement for meteorological observations under sea breeze conditions. Moreover, the eddy diffusivity coefficient used in the aerodynamic technique is found to be consistent with the coefficient used in the eddy correlation technique. The present result leads us to conclude that the aerodynamic technique may be applicable to underway CO₂ flux measurements over the ocean and may be used in place of the bulk technique. The important point is the need to maintain a measuring accuracy of CO₂ concentration difference of the order of 0.1 ppmv on the research vessels or the buoys.     

东海黑潮区海水中磷酸盐的分布特征及成因探讨

本文报道了1987年夏、冬两个航次在26°50′～32°30′N,124°30′～131°30′E海区中可溶性无机磷酸盐的调查结果,阐明了磷的分布特征和形成机制。结果表明陆架区表层测值较高,大洋区为低值区,底层则相反。大洋水常年分层,中层水有爬坡涌升现象,其浓度与Aou呈正相关,与pH和S呈负相关。夏、冬两季底层磷与Aou呈正相关,其浓度变化主要依赖于生物过程。     

烟单14号玉米产量与土壤养分关系的研究

根据大量田间试验和调查资料分析,作者提出烟单14号玉米生长过程中,小喇叭口期土壤中全氮、大喇叭口期土壤中速效磷的含量与产量相关密切。并据此建立了产量及构成三因素与土壤养分间的最优相关模型。     

海水分光反射率与叶绿素浓度的相关分析

通过对东京湾两年度不同季节海水分光反射率与叶绿素浓度进行统计分析，结果表明，叶绿素浓度Ｃ与两谱段分光反射率之比Ｒｗ（λｊ）／Ｒｗ（λｊ）具有幂函关系Ｃ＝Ａ［Ｒｗ（λｊ）／Ｒｗ（λｊ）Ｂ。两者的对数显示出较好的线性关系，即ｌｏｇＣ＝ｌｏｇＡ＋Ｂｌｏｇ［Ｒｗ（λｊ）／Ｒｗ（λｊ）］。负相关系数达０．９９。相关方程之一为Ｃ＝３．３２９［Ｒｗ（５２０）／Ｒｗ（５５０）］－１．３８４（１９８７年６月初）．在梅雨季节之后，相关方程为Ｃ＝１２．６８［Ｒｗ（５２０）／Ｒｗ（５５０）］－２．０１０（１９８８年８月）。这表明了海湾或混浊的沿岸水质，在叶绿素浓度算法中，统计参数Ａ和Ｂ的确立，要基于不同季节不同水质的现场观测资料。     

偏振激光散斑的相关性研究

采用发送一束线偏振激光产生散斑的方法，研究线偏振激光散斑、＂平均椭圆偏振＂激光散斑以及非偏振激光散斑的相关性和精细结构。指出：当漫射器为一片毛玻璃时，散斑激光是线偏振的．其方向与入射激光束相同；当漫射器为涂无光白漆的毛玻璃时，散斑激光是部分或全部退偏的，涂层越厚，退偏越甚。对于强线偏振散斑场，当偏振方向改变时，散斑的精细结构无明显变化，即使是两个正交方向上的散斑图，也保持良好的相关性。对于非偏振散斑场，当照明激光束的偏振方向改变时．散斑精细结构有明显变化。     

混凝土的渗透性与耐久性

渗透性是混凝土耐久性中最重要的内容。论述了混凝土耐久性的影响因素、研究方法 ,以及混凝土渗透机理和渗透性与耐久性的关系。     

Effects of sediment properties on surface-generated ambient noise in a shallow ocean

Surface-generalized ambient noise in a shallow ocean waveguide with a sediment layer possessing a specific class of density and sound speed distributions capable of describing a realistic seabed environment is considered in this analysis. This class of non-uniform sediment layer has the density and sound speed distributions varying with respect to depth as a generalized-exponential and an inverse-square function, respectively. The study invokes a formulation developed by Kuperman and Ingenito (Kuperman, W. A., Ingenito, F., 1980. Spatial correlation of surface-generated noise in a stratified ocean. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 67, 1988-1996.) for surface noise generation, in conjunction with the analytical solutions for the Helmholtz equation corresponding to the sediment layer, to arrive at an analytical expression convenient for numerical implementation. The intensity and spatial correlation of the noise sound field are analyzed with respect to the variation of the system parameters, including frequency, sediment layer thickness, sound speed gradient, with emphasis on the effects of sediment properties on the ambient noise field. The results have demonstrated that the intensity of the noise field is relatively sensitive to the variation of the parameters, but the spatial correlation is affected to a less extent, suggesting that the energy distribution, rather than the spatial structure, of the noise field is more susceptible to the environmental variations.     

度量泥炭腐殖化度的一种简便方法:泥炭灰度

介绍了一种度量泥炭腐殖化程度简便易得的指标——灰度。通过将同一剖面灰度测量结果与传统的腐殖化度测量结果进行对比，发现二者的变化具有较强的相关性，说明导致二者变化的因素大致相同。泥炭赋色物质鉴定的实验表明腐殖质含量变化是引起灰度在剖面上变化的原因，从而进一步论证了用灰度值作为泥炭腐殖化程度指标的可行性。     

6-磷酸山梨醇脱氢酶(gutD)基因克隆、测序和表达

本研究根据6-磷酸山梨醇脱氢酶基因(gutD)两端序列设计引物，以假单胞杆菌(Pseudonmonas XM)的总DNA为模板通过PCR的方法克隆gutD基因并进行序列分析，将克隆得到的gutD基因与原核表达载体pBV220连接并转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)JM101后检测其蛋白表达及菌株生长耐盐性。     

耿贝尔逻辑模型在极值风速和有效波高联合概率分布中的应用

首先介绍了耿贝尔逻辑模型，采用该模型对南海海域的涠州岛海洋站的风速和有效波高实测数据进行了分析，结果表明耿贝尔逻辑模型较好地描述了年极值风速和有效波高两随机变量的联合分布；采用得到的极值风浪联合概率分布推算了不同重现期的极值风速和波高，表明考虑风速和波高相关性对设计荷载的确定有显著影响。由于耿贝尔逻辑模型具有函数结构简单，参数估计方便，因此有望成为极值风速和波高联合分布的较理想概率模型。