一种可编程逻辑器件在原子钟频率综合电路中的应用

针对被动型铷原子频标电路模块中由三极管等数量众多的分立元件搭建的9倍选频放大模拟电路和种类繁多的集成电路搭建的5.3125 MHz综合器电路,给出了数字化电路解决方案。在此新方案中,通过使用一种复杂可编程逻辑器件对锁相环进行编程控制,可以实现对10 MHz参考信号18倍频的精确控制;同时,利用该复杂可编程逻辑器件内部"虚拟"的集成电路对10MHz参考信号进行分频变换可以得到5.3125MHz信号。实际使用证明,这种设计方案具备易于集成、调试简单的优点,在替换原有模拟倍频、综合器功能电路后,成功实现整机锁定,各项性能指标均达到或优于原有水平,使整机向数字化、小型化迈出重要的一步。     

Wait公式与Millington经验公式预测地波时延的比较

为了了解用于预测沿光滑分段均匀混合路径传播的地波时延的Millington经验公式的实用性,对Millington经验公式和用于预测沿光滑分段均匀混合路径传播的地波时延的严格的Wait公式进行了比较。在Wait积分法用计算机软件实现的基础上,用上述2种方法分别计算多条实际路径的地波二次相位因子,并对计算结果进行了比较。比较结果表明,在实际工程应用中用Millington经验公式进行地波时延预测符合应用要求。     

一种无人机视频帧自动拼接方法

无人机视频帧具有低对比度和色彩可读性差等缺点,为了解决这些问题并从视频中自动获取视频帧,本文提出一种无人机视频帧自动拼接方法。首先介绍相位相关理论,并推导出指定重叠度视频帧提取公式,在此基础上进行指定重叠度视频帧的自动提取;最后利用改进的SURF算法完成视频帧的匹配和拼接。实验结果表明本文采用的方法能实现视频帧的自动提取和快速拼接。     

中国大陆M_S≥7.0地震与潮汐库仑破裂应力关系研究

选取1900 ～2012年中国大陆Ms≥7.0浅源地震为研究对象,计算日月潮汐在发震断层面引起的库仑破裂应力,确定潮汐相位角.通过Schuster检验,定量分析了中国大陆强震与日月潮汐库仑破裂应力之间的相关性.结果表明,具有震源机制解的57次强震中,71.9％的强震发生在潮汐加载相位区间,Schuster检验p值为3.83％,显示中国大陆7级强震与潮汐库仑破裂应力间存在很好的相关性.活跃期p值为4.56％,75.5％的地震发生在潮汐加载相位区间;而在平静期发生在加载相位区间的地震比例为50％.表明活跃期内的强震受潮汐库仑破裂应力的加载触发更为显著.     

基于地震各向异性分析郯庐断裂带中段深部构造特征

利用郯庐断裂带中段附近10个宽频带台站的远震波形资料,基于上地幔地震各向异性来分析郯庐断裂带中段深部构造特征。本研究得到,郯庐断裂带中段深部平均快波偏振方向为93．8°,即郯庐断裂带中段深部主张应变（张应力）方向,对照GPS资料和地震资料的研究表明,郯庐断裂带中段地壳和深部上地幔的形变存在总体的一致性,即郯庐断裂带中段岩石层的形变具有统一特征,地壳与深部上地幔处于相似的应力应变状态中。     

红山地震台震相到时准确测定

利用工具软件对选取的红山地震台波形数据进行分析处理,从波形包含的频率成分特征上可以区分地脉动、干扰、地震;利用Fourier变换、滤波、复时谱分析、高斯小波分析、莫莱小波分析、DB小波分析等手段,综合分析处理可准确标注地震震相.     

相位张量分析约束下的大地电磁测深阻抗张量分解方法研究

由于浅部、局部不均匀三维异常体的影响,大地电磁测深(Magnetotelluric,MT)观测数据往往需要进行畸变校正.本文针对相位张量不受局部电场畸变影响的特点,研究相位张量分析约束下的大地电磁测深(MT)阻抗张量GB(Groom-Bailey)分解方法.分析由相位张量得到的相关参数,结合初步电性结构维性判断及二维或近似二维电性结构条件下电性主轴方向等信息,设计较合理的GB阻抗张量分解初始模型,提高GB算法的稳定性及可靠性.同时,在传统GB分解求解模型的基础上,将各向异性参数引入目标函数,并采用共轭梯度法进行模型的最优化求解.理论数据计算结果表明,MT阻抗张量GB分解方法的计算结果,依赖于初始模型中电性主轴角、阻抗张量值等参数的选择,相位张量分析约束下的GB分解方法能有效改善算法的稳定性和计算结果的可靠性.此外,研究表明,在合理的初始模型选择下,较之传统的GB分解方法,尽管各向异性参数仍旧无法求出,但带各向异性参数的GB分解方法在计算效率和结果可靠性方面均具有一定的优势.选择实际大地电磁测深点数据进行方法验证,取得了理想的电性分析结果.     

Using long-term datasets to study exotic plant invasions on rangelands in the western United States

Invasions by exotic species are generally described using a logistic growth curve divided into three phases: introduction, expansion and saturation. This model is constructed primarily from regional studies of plant invasions based on historical records and herbarium samples. The goal of this study is to compare invasion curves at the local scale to the logistic growth curve using long-term datasets. Five datasets ranging 41–86 years in length were recovered from five sites in four western states. Data for the following seven exotic species were analyzed using regression analysis to evaluate fit to a non-linear sigmoidal logistic curve: crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), dwarf alyssum (Alyssum desertorum), cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana), halogeton (Halogeton glomeratus), Russian thistle (Salsola tragus) and tumble mustard (Sisymbrium altissimum). A greater variety of curve shapes was documented by long-term datasets than those published based on herbaria sampling. Only two species from three different sites and with three different data types met the criteria for fitting a logistic curve. Many of the other species/location combinations were characterized by sporadic spikes and crashes. The general lack of fit with the model may be the results of the complex interactions that drive vegetation change in rangeland environments.     

新型有机-无机杂化涂层-气相色谱/质谱联用测定正构烷烃性能研究

水体中正构烷烃的含量反映了研究区域有机物污染水平.痕量正构烷烃的测定常常需要结合分离富集方法才能保证灵敏度和选择性,液液萃取等常规分离富集方法存在耗时长、有机溶剂使用量大等缺点,而新型固相微萃取(SPME)分离富集技术相比而言具有高效简便、富集效率高的特点.本文采用溶胶-凝胶法自制稳定性和耐基质性能更优的有机-无机杂化SPME涂层,结合气相色谱-质谱(GC - MS)检测技术,对水样中26种正构烷烃进行同时测定.在优化的SPME - GC/MS条件下,采用浸入式萃取方式,萃取温度为25℃,萃取时间为30 min,26种正构烷烃的分析信号与浓度之间有良好的线性关系(线性相关系数为0.9935 ～0.9999),方法检出限为0.011 ～0.085μg/L(k=3),相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为3.9％ ～10.0％.新型有机-无机杂化涂层与传统的分离富集技术相比,减少了有机溶剂的使用,提高了工作效率;与商用PDMS涂层相比,增加了正构烷烃同时检测的种类,提高了灵敏度,检出限低2～10倍.自制的有机-无机杂化SPME涂层体现出优异的分析性能和应用潜力.     

H2O content of deep-seated orogenic continental crust: the Ulten Zone,Italian Alps

To estimate the amount of H₂O stored at lower crustal levels after burial, we considered the pile of migmatitic paragneisses in the Variscan Ulten Zone as a case study area. We constructed a pseudosection in the system K₂O-Na₂O-CaO-FeO-MnO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-TiO₂-H₂O for an average paragneiss, a relevant prograde PT path (8.5 kbar, 600°C; 11.5 kbar, 750°C; 14.0 kbar, 1000°C) and H₂O contents between 0 and 10 wt.%. Based on an assemblage of garnet?+?biotite?+?white mica?+?kyanite?+?20–30 vol.% former melt (now represented mainly by leucosomes composed of plagioclase?+?quartz), a bulk H₂O content of 3.2 ± 1.1 wt.% was estimated for a peak temperature ranging between 770 and 800°C. Before melting, somewhat less than 1.8 wt.% H₂O was stored in minerals. Thus, a considerable amount of H₂O must have either resided in pore spaces along grain boundaries or, much less likely, infiltrated the paragneisses from below. Evidently, significant quantities of H₂O as a free phase may be stored in buried sialic crust, resulting in considerable melting of deep-seated rocks during continent–continent collision.