遥感气体探测技术在地震监测中的应用

扼要介绍了卫星高光谱红外大气遥感的原理,气体组分探测技术、反演技术和研究应用的发展历程,着重介绍了该技术在地震监测中的研究应用。遥感气体地球化学在地震监测方面的应用大致可以分为间接观测和直接观测2个方面:1利用卫星红外遥感间接监测地震断裂带脱气;2利用卫星探测大气成分的传感器直接监测地震前后的气体地球化学异常。通过分析地下气体逸散引起的物理化学异常与地震活动的关系,提取地震气体地球化学信息。介绍了典型震例的气体地球化学异常特征及其可能的形成机理,提出了存在的问题以及未来的研究重点。     

生态-水文中无线传感器网络应用研究

无线传感器技术的成熟推动了无线传感器网络在环境监测中的广泛应用.但在高寒高海拔极端恶劣环境下,开展无线传感器网络应用的较少.从生态-水文研究出发,选取关注度较高的黑河流域一级支流马粪沟子流域为研究区域,配合现有定点观测系统,提出一种适宜生态-水文模型需要的面上密集数据观测的无线传感器网络系统框架.重点讨论了无线传感器观测网络的实现方案、观测点的选取、传感器节点的部署、节点的网络拓扑构成以及传感器网络的软、硬件组成,实现了已经部署的无线传感器观测网络的数据自动采集、自动传输、自动处理及数据可视化展示等,总结并分析了无线传感器网络在生态-水文应用与研究中存在的问题和经验,并对应用前景进行了展望.     

热脉冲法监测集中渗漏的模型试验

基于光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感系统,提出了适用于土石坝心墙集中渗漏监测的热脉冲法。采用由传感加热单元、稳压电源、调压器、光纤光栅解调仪组成的监测系统进行了集中渗漏监测的模型试验。首先进行了骨料干燥和湿润条件下的试验,试验结果表明,采用温升作为判别指标难于对渗漏状态作出准确判断,为此定义了2个无量纲的判别指标? 和 ? 。采用两种渗漏流量进行了试验,并分别采用? 和 ? 进行了渗漏状态的识别,结果表明2个判别指标均能进行渗漏的准确定位,且能定性反映渗漏强度的大小,采用? 作为判别指标的识别效果优于?。     

无人机地形跟随在矿区沉陷监测中的应用

针对传统无人机矿区开采沉陷监测因地形起伏导致同一航测架次的监测精度相差较大的问题,本文分析了地形变化对影像分辨率、相片重叠度及监测精度的影响,并对无人机加装TOF传感器,对PID控制器进行编码设置,使无人机相对地面保持相同高度飞行,实现了无人机地形跟随监测.试验表明:地形起伏会使传统无人机监测精度降低,本文提出的方法可...     

水声定位系统中迭代适应点分层的声线修正算法

水声定位系统中, 声线弯曲是造成定位误差大的主要原因, 本文针对该问题提出了一种迭代适应点分层(IAPL)的声线修正算法, 将声速剖面筛选分层修正声线。首先搭建水声定位模型, 通过拟合目标海域的监测数据, 得到声速高次函数; 其次探究声线弯曲时目标位置与掠射角的关联性, 由此构造出声线插值函数并求解路径参数; 最后提出划分原则, 精简声速剖面分层。仿真结果表明, 所提算法定位误差较低, 分层精简率均维持在48.04%的水平, 使计算量平均下降可达50.27%, 能够最大程度保留声速剖面的原始特征, 减少分层数量, 提高计算效率。     

扇贝苗规格识别与计数统计装置的设计研究

本文针对目前底播扇贝苗种时,在海上规格识别与计数统计用工量大、劳动强度高、破损率高及统计误差大等问题,设计了扇贝苗规格识别与计数统计装置,该装置主要由初级分拣机构、差速排队传送装置和规格识别与计数统计系统3部分组成.为确定影响贝苗规格识别与计数统计装置准确性的因素,建立了5因素4水平的正交实验进行分析验证,并确定了扇贝...     

Analytical solution for distributed torsional low strain integrity test for pipe pile

Low strain integrity tests (LSITs) are the most popular non-destructive methods for pile testing. However, traditional LSITs have encountered unprecedented challenges as the need for long pile and existing pile testing keeps multiplying. Compared to traditional longitudinal excitations, the torsional wave is less influenced by the velocity attenuation effect and can be subjected at the pile shaft for existing piles. Distributed torsional LSIT is proposed in this article with the presentation of the corresponding analytical solutions that exhibiting the velocity responses along the pile shaft. The solution is verified with previous simplified theoretical and rigorous finite element method (FEM) answers. At the end, the application of this method is exhibited through the identification of necking and concrete segregation defects on pipe piles, which shows the advantage of this method on long pile testing.     

基于荧光猝灭溶解氧传感器的校准方法研究

溶解氧是海洋水质监测的常规关键参数,基于荧光猝灭原理研制的溶解氧传感器具有准确度高、稳定性好和可长期在线测量等优点,已经被广泛用于海水溶解氧浓度监测.针对传感器可能发生的数据漂移和显著偏差可能造成的准确度问题,本文设计了一套专门的校准装置和校准方法.通过严格控制校准水体的温度和溶解氧浓度,测量待校准传感器和参比传感器的...     

Scientific detector workshop 2022 on-sky performance verification of near-infrared e−APD technology for wavefront sensing and demonstration of e−APD pixel performance to improve the sensitivity of large science focal planes

Near-infrared adaptive optics as well as fringe tracking for coherent beam combination in optical interferometry require the development of high-speed sensors. Because of the high speed, a large analog bandwidth is required. The short exposure times result in small signal levels which require noiseless detection. Both requirements cannot be met by state-of-the-art conventional CMOS technology of near-infrared arrays as has been attempted previously. A total of five near-infrared SAPHIRA 320 × 256 pixel HgCdTe e⁻APD arrays have been deployed in the wavefront sensors and in the fringe tracker of the VLTI instrument GRAVITY. The current limiting magnitude for coherent exposures with GRAVITY is m_k = 19, which is made possible with ADP technology. New avalanche photo-diode array (APD) developments since GRAVITY include the extension of the spectral sensitivity to the wavelength range from 0.8 to 2.5 μm. After GRAVITY a larger format array with 512 × 512 pixels has been developed for both AO applications at the ELT and for long integration times. Since dark currents of <10⁻³ e⁻/s have been demonstrated with 1Kx1K e⁻APD arrays and 2Kx2K e⁻APD arrays have already been developed, the possibilities and adaptations of e⁻APD technology to provide noiseless large-format science-grade arrays for long integration times are also discussed.     

星载红外高光谱传感器温度廓线反演综述

全球变暖是当前国际社会的热点话题,温度廓线是大气热力状态的重要参数,准确高效地获取其时空分布信息是天气预报和气候变化研究的前提.与传统的地面观测方式相比,卫星探测数据具有高空间、时间分辨率的优势,为气象观测提供了数据支持.本文分别针对星载红外高光谱传感器3种常见观测模式(天底、掩星及临边观测模式)下的国外7个传感器代表...