Selective feeding of bay scallop Argopecten irradians on phytoplankton community revealed by HPLC analysis of phytopigments in Bohai Sea,China

Understanding the feeding selectivity on phytoplankton by shellfi sh is currently a big challenge. In order to investigate the feeding behavior of bay scallop ( Argopecten irradians ) on phytoplankton, we compared its compositions of phytopigments in digestive glands with those in the surrounding seawater, and conducted fi ve consecutive investigations between July and November 2016 in a bay scallop culture area along coast of Qinghuangdao City, northwest of the Bohai Sea, China. Phytopigments in four-size fractionated phytoplankton of seawater (micro-(20-200 μm);nano(L)-[10-20 μm];nano(S)-[2.7-10 μm], and pico-[<2.7 μm]) and digestive glands of A . irradians were examined to investigate the selective feeding of A . irradians . Results show that fucoxanthin and peridinin constituted the major part of taxonomically diagnostic carotenoids (TDCs) in the micro- and nano(L)-phytoplankton in seawater. Compared with total phytoplankton biomass of seawater (TPB, sum of the four sizes), a substantial decrease of fucoxanthin proportion to total DCs in digestive glands was observed while that of peridinin, 19′-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, alloxanthin and 19′-hexanoyloxy-fucoxanthin showed an obvious increase when those pigments were mainly confi ned to micro-sized phytoplankton (20-200 μm). However, zeaxanthin and prasinoxanthin were mainly confi ned to nano(s)- and pico-phytoplankton, of which the proportions in digestive glands were usually lower in TPB. The contribution of lutein to total DCs in digestive glands (with an average of 7.23%) increased compared with TPB of seawater (with an average of 0.63%) during all fi ve sampling times.     

二阶Y环频率选择表面的设计研究

利用分形结构的自相似性将分形理论应用于频率选择表面(FSS)领域即可使在单屏FSS上具有多频段带通滤波的特性,结合Floquet周期边界条件,采用矩量法研究了二阶Y环分形FSS在不同入射角度下迭代比例因子F及单元排布方式对频率响应特性的影响规律,给出谐振频率的经验估算值.计算及实验结果表明,FSS的谐振频率主要由迭代比例因子及起始单元尺寸决定,而透过率及-3 dB带宽则对排布方式的改变较敏感.实验结果与理论分析一致.     

采用加速溶剂萃取法提高微藻油脂萃取量的优化条件研究

设计4因子5水平的正交实验方案[采用正交表L25（5＾6）],通过确定加速溶剂萃取法（ASE）处理的最优化条件,包括萃取溶剂、萃取温度、萃取时间和萃取循环次数,达到快速萃取微藻油脂并且萃取量高的效果．结果表明,除循环次数外,其他萃取条件因子均能显著影响油脂萃取量（P〈0．035）．在萃取溶剂为无水乙醇或丙酮、温度为175℃、萃取时间为16min、循环次数为3次的最优处理条件下,微藻油脂萃取量最高（19．20％～21．36％）．与常规的索氏萃取法相比,萃取量可提高39．08％～47．09％．采用ASE法在最优化条件下萃取微藻油脂可以达到良好效果．     

Low complexity adaptive equalizers for underwater acoustic communications

Interference signals due to scattering from surface and reflecting from bottom is one of the most important problems of reliable communications in shallow water channels. To solve this problem, one of the best suggested ways is to use adaptive equalizers. Convergence rate and misadjustment error in adaptive algorithms play important roles in adaptive equalizer performance. In this paper, affine projection algorithm （APA）, selective regressor APA（SR-APA）, family of selective partial update （SPU） algorithms, family of set-membership （SM） algorithms and selective partial update selective regressor APA （SPU-SR-APA） are compared with conventional algorithms such as the least mean square （LMS） in underwater acoustic communications. We apply experimental data from the Strait of Hormuz for demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed methods over shallow water channel. We observe that the values of the steady-state mean square error （MSE） of SR-APA, SPU-APA0 SPU-normalized least mean square （SPU-NLMS）, SPU-SR-APA0 SM-APA and SM-NLMS algorithms decrease in comparison with the LMS algorithm. Also these algorithms have better convergence rates than LMS type algorithm.     

黑鲪半同胞家系选育的初步研究

为培育优良的黑鲪(Sebastes schlegeli)养殖新品种,作者于2005~2007年以采捕于荣成、日照、青岛和长岛的4个黑鲪野生地理群体及2006年荣成群体选育的F1代为亲本,采用杂交选育和半同胞家系选育的方法,从2009年到2011年成功构建了6个杂交群体和41个半同胞家系。采用比较分析和方差分析对其生长情况进行比较,结果表明:各个选育群体和半同胞家系间体重差异较大,体长变化较小。综合筛选获得2个优良杂交群体和10个优良半同胞家系:RCF1、WCF1为2009年最优杂交群体,CC2、QQ1、QC1、CC1为2010年最优半同胞家系,2RZ1、F27、F29、F28、F26、F23为2011年最优半同胞家系。当以种源(即杂交亲本)为单位时,RC、WC为2009年最优种源;QQ、CC为2010年最优种源;2RZ、F1为2011年最优种源。     

8种抗生素对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的影响

对一株有毒的塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense(Lebour) Balech)进行了8种抗生素-氯霉素、红霉素、林可霉素、庆大霉素、金霉素、氨苄青霉素、新霉素和链霉素的敏感性实验.结果表明,该藻对抗生素较为敏感.其中的5种:氯霉素、红霉素、林可霉素、庆大霉素和金霉素,对藻8d比生长速率的EC₅₀分别为2.45μg/cm3,25.2μg/cm3,7.95μg/cm3,285u/cm3,58.7μg/cm3,可用作该藻基因工程的选择压力,其对应的抗性基因可以作为基因工程阳性选择标记基因,应用于塔玛亚历山大藻的遗传操作研究.新霉素和链霉素对A.tamarense的生长无明显抑制作用,可以用于藻株无菌化培养而应用于甲藻产毒机制和赤潮爆发机理的研究,还应用筛选出的抗生素对藻培养物进行了除菌实验.     

节旋藻和螺旋藻对7种抗生素敏感性的比较研究

对两种丝状蓝藻(钝顶节旋藻和盐泽螺旋藻)在基因工程中常用作选择试剂的7种抗生素——氯霉素、氨苄青霉素、红霉素、链霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素和新霉素的敏感性作比较实验.结果表明,两种蓝藻对抗生素的敏感性既有共同的特点,也有明显的差异.它们对红霉素、氯霉素和链霉素最敏感,致死浓度分别为0.1,0.5和5μg/cm3.两种蓝藻对氨苄青霉素比较敏感,1μg/cm3的氨苄青霉素即可抑制Arthrospira.341和Spirulina.351的生长,但6d后生长恢复.Arthrospira.341和Spirulina.351对卡那霉素、庆大霉素和新霉素均有抗性,而且存在很大差异:300μg/cm3的卡那霉素对Arthrospira.341的生长仍然没有影响,但对于Spirulina.351,50μg/cm3的卡那霉素即对其生长有明显抑制作用;200μg/cm3的卡那霉素即可将其全部致死.200μg/cm3的庆大霉素和300μg/cm3的新霉素不能抑制Arthrospira.341和Spirulina.351的生长,但在这两种抗生素环境中两种藻的生长状态有很大差异.并验证了氯霉素、红霉素和链霉素是节旋藻和螺旋藻基因转化过程中的有效的抗性选择剂,也从对抗生素敏感性方面表明节旋藻和螺旋藻两个属的遗传差异.     

萃取—原子吸收法测定高纯氧化钐中的镍

在ｐＨ３的弱酸性介质中,用二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠＿甲基异丁基酮萃取分离氧化钐以消除基体干扰,用４ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＮＯ３溶液反萃取后火焰原子吸收测定被富集的杂质镍。萃取时水相与有机相体积比为５∶１,反萃时体积比为１∶１,萃取时间５ｍｉｎ,测定高纯氧化钐中杂质镍的回收率达９８％。分离后的共存非稀土元素对测定镍无干扰。方法检出限为４０μｇ／ＬＮｉ,对ｗ（Ｎｉ）＝０３×１０－６的氧化钐测定６次,ＲＳＤ＝７１％,试样加标回收率在９３％～１０４％。     

原油族组分在煤中留存能力的研究

研究了煤及其干酪根对不同组分油气的留烃能力.将原油分成5个组分,引入溶胀理论,对低、中、高成熟度的煤及其干酪根在不同溶解度参数的溶剂中进行了溶胀实验,获得不同成熟度的煤及其干酪根的溶胀特征,进而得到不同成熟度的煤及其干酪根对5个组分的留烃能力.R°在0.4%～1.25%范围内的煤及其干酪根,其溶胀比随着煤的成熟度增加而降低;而R°大于1.25%的干酪根,其溶胀度则随着Ⅲ型干酪根的成熟度的增加而升高.在"油窗"范围内,随着成熟度的变化,煤和Ⅲ型干酪根的溶胀比降低,表明其留烃能力在下降.对于具有中等溶解度参数的组分,其留烃能力下降约20%.     

相转移催化合成邻乙氧基苯酚的研究

研究了利用相转移催化反应在不同的条件下合成邻乙氧基苯酚,产率可达７０％以上,并初步探讨了不同类型溶剂对相转移催化反应的影响。