论卫星导航体制设计

阐述了卫星导航体制设计基本要素及设计原则。从卫星导航系统的发展历史及未来需求出发,提出了多功能一体化,全球卫星导航系统的基本结构,星座及卫星轨道选择,导航测距码设计及未来GNSS模式等新论点及论证结论。     

Fine upper crustal structure of Jiashi strong earthquake swarm region in Xinjiang inferred from high resolution seismic refraction profile data

Introduction Jiashi-Artux area in southwest Xinjiang is one of the most active earthquake provinces at pre-sent in Chinese mainland. In the last century, about 3/4 strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland hit this area, and especially from January 21 to April 16 in 1997, 7 earthquakes with the magnituderanging from 6.0 to 6.9 occurred in a very small area of 9 km×18 km near Jiashi (ZHU et al, 1998). It has never taken place before in Chinese mainland that a series of strong earthquakes shoo…     

电磁波CT成像技术在防水工程场地勘查中的应用

电磁波CT成像技术是基于地下介质的物性差异,利用各种波源透视探测目的体及地质现象的一种地球物理方法,文章介绍了电磁波CT成像技术的原理和工作方法、某防水工程场地电磁波CT成像勘查实例及应用效果.     

青海麦秀山滑坡形成机理分析

文章从地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、水文气象条件等方面,对青海麦秀山滑坡的产生机理进行分析,重点阐明地质构造对地质灾害的控制作用。3个滑坡形成的基本机理:滑坡均在断层带,所处地层岩体均因受构造作用,节理裂隙发育,岩体多呈破碎状,风化强烈,表层泥质砂砾岩已全风化成土状,加之岩体破碎,裂隙发育,地表水、地下水补给充分,加速了岩石的风化、泥化,长期在丰富饱和的地下水的浸泡下形成可塑、软塑泥状物,其滑动带主要依附于硬塑-软塑的过渡层,滑床为较硬的砂砾岩。由此建议,对修建山区公路时所遇到的舒缓坡地,应慎重判识是否存在滑坡灾害,并采用合理的绕避或工程措施,将地质灾害在公路建设中产生的损失及不良影响降到最低点。     

基桩倾斜弹性波检测机理

阐述了基桩倾斜无损检测基本原理——惠更斯-菲涅尔原理。通过在桩侧面实施地震排列装置检测试验，证实了桩倾斜度越大，桩侧效应越强。在倾斜基桩中埋设三分量检波器检测结果说明，基桩倾斜时，桩侧界面响应主要以转换后沿界面方向的纵波与垂直于桩侧面的横波为主。     

钻孔雷达定向测量技术与应用

介绍了钻孔雷达定向测量技术的原理,结合实例说明资料解释方法及探测效果。     

At‐a‐station hydraulic geometry relations, 1: theoretical development

This paper, the first of two, hypothesizes that: (1) the temporal variation of stream power of a river channel at a given station with varying discharge is accomplished by the temporal variation in channel form (flow depth and channel width) and hydraulic variables, including energy slope, flow velocity and friction; (2) the change in stream power is distributed among the changes in flow depth, channel width, flow velocity, slope, and friction, depending on the boundary conditions that the channels has to satisfy. The second hypothesis is a result of the principle of maximum entropy and the theory of minimum energy dissipation or its simplified minimum stream power. These two hypotheses lead to families of at‐a‐station hydraulic geometry relations. The conditions under which these families of relations can occur in the field are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Non-Darcian groundwater flow in leaky aquifers

Abstract

A simplified method has been developed for solving leaky aquifer non-Darcian flow hydraulics. The principle of volumetric approach is combined with the confined-aquifer, time-dependent drawdown equation in an observation well. The groundwater flow in the leaky aquifer is assumed to obey a non-Darcian flow law of exponential type. The results are obtained in the form of type-curve expressions from which the necessary bundles of curves are drawn for a set of selective non-Darcian flow aquifer parameters. Although application of the methodology appears as rather limited but it provides a scientific contribution and extension of leaky aquifer theory towards nonlinear flow conditions. The methodology developed herein is applied to some actual field data from the eastern sedimentary basin in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.     

Water source characterization through spatiotemporal patterns of major,minor and trace element stream concentrations in a complex,mesoscale German catchment

The link between spatiotemporal patterns of stream water chemistry and catchment characteristics for the mesoscale Dill catchment (692 km²) in Germany is explored to assess the catchment scale controls on water quality and to characterize water sources. In order to record the spatiotemporal pattern, ‘snapshot sampling’ was applied during low, mean and high flow, including 73 nested sites throughout the catchment. Water samples were analysed for the elements Li, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ba, Pb and U using inductively‐coupled‐plasma mass spectrometry, and for electric conductivity and pH. Principle component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to find typical element associations and to group water samples according to their hydrochemical fingerprints. This revealed regional hydrochemical patterns of water quality which were subsequently related to catchment attributes to draw conclusions about the controls on stream chemistry. It was found that various lithologic signals and anthropogenic point source inputs controlled the base flow hydrochemistry. During increased flows, stream waters were diluted causing additional hydrochemical variability in response to heterogeneous precipitation inputs and differences in aquifer storage capacities. The hydrochemical patterns further displayed in‐stream mixing of waters. This implied, that stream waters could be apportioned to the identified water sources throughout the catchment. The basin‐wide hydrochemical variability has the potential to outrange the tracer signatures typically inferred in studies at the hillslope scale and is able to strongly influence the complexity of the catchment output. Both have to be considered for further catchment scale tracer and modelling work. Despite the likelihood of non‐conservative behaviour, the minor and trace elements enhanced the rather qualitative discrimination of the various groundwater types, as the major cations were strongly masked by point source inputs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

方程误差系统的多新息辨识方法

多新息方法可以用于线性系统和非线性系统的自适应滤波、参数估计、自校正控制、自适应故障检测与诊断等.线性系统包括两种基本类型:方程误差类系统和输出误差类系统.本文将多新息辨识应用到方程误差滑动平均(EEMA)系统(即CARMA系统),研究多新息增广随机梯度算法和多新息增广最小二乘算法,应用到方程误差自回归滑动平均(EEARMA)系统(即CARARMA系统),提出基于分解的多新息广义增广随机梯度算法和基于分解的多新息广义增广最小二乘算法,以及基于滤波的多新息广义增广随机梯度算法和基于滤波的多新息广义增广最小二乘算法.