内蒙古西部银额盆地及邻区二叠系隆林阶—冷坞阶层序地层格架

依据露头层序地层学原理,对银额盆地及邻区二叠系隆林阶—冷坞阶露头剖面进行层序界面的识别和层序划分,共划分为2个Ⅲ级层序。在对东西、南北向层序地层对比的基础上,初步建立了研究区的层序地层格架。隆林期—罗甸期全区发生大范围的海侵接受海相沉积,以滨海—浅海陆棚相为主,局部发育碳酸盐岩台地相,盆地边缘发育过渡相沉积,有2个沉积中心,黑鹰山-额济纳旗坳陷带的沉积中心在碧云泉南-芦草井地区,柳园-巴丹吉林坳陷带的沉积中心在卡路山-杭乌拉一带。祥播期-冷坞期继承了前期的沉积格局,只是沉积范围向北西缩小,黑鹰山-额济纳旗坳陷带的沉积中心在芦草井地区,柳园-巴丹吉林坳陷带水体变浅,沉积中心在古硐井地区。     

河北宣化土城子组恐龙足迹化石新发现

本文报道了新近发现于河北宣化地区土城子组的恐龙足迹化石及沉积环境。为确定足迹化石的地质年代、土城子组的沉积环境及足迹化石属种,本文在对恐龙足迹化石层及其上、下地层进行剖面测制、沉积相划分和沉积环境分析的基础上,对化石层上覆凝灰岩层进行了LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb测年,并对保存较好的足迹化石进行了测量和对比研究工作。研究结果表明,土城子组底部为冲积扇扇中沉积环境,足迹化石上、下地层则表现为河流相沉积环境,而足迹化石的赋存层位形成于滨湖相沉积环境,发育暴露构造并含有大量裸子植物碎屑化石。凝灰岩锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为152.3±0.3 Ma(MSWD=0.00106),说明化石层位于土城子组一段,时代属于晚侏罗世钦莫利期(Kimmeridgian)中晚期。已发现的足迹化石以兽脚类三趾型足迹为主,包括跷脚龙足迹属(Grallator)、安琪龙足迹属(Anchisauripus)和实雷龙足迹属(Eubrontes),其次为一些疑似蜥脚类恐龙足迹,是华北北缘土城子组中群落丰富度最高的恐龙足迹点,其中一处或许为中国北方面积最大的恐龙足迹点。因此,我们认为宣化-下花园盆地土城子组一段以河流、湖泊...     

安徽巢北地区五通组沉积环境分析

下扬子地区广泛发育泥盆系五通组地层, 因为处于海侵初期, 地层中陆相和海相特征共存, 导致对该组沉积环境认识上的分歧;安徽巢北地区泥盆系五通组为一套厚层砂岩夹泥岩组合, 其沉积环境和沉积特征一直不清。为此, 在前人研究成果和野外剖面实测基础上, 采用沉积学、地层学等方法, 结合室内磨片和粒度分析方法, 对其厚层砂岩段进行了详细分析, 研究发现巢湖地区五通组形成于海相沉积环境, 即具滚动组分和跳跃组分组成的多段式的后滨-前滨, 跳跃组分和悬浮组分组成的两段式的前滨-上临滨, 有跳跃组分和悬浮组分组成的两段式的沙泥混合坪, 结合沉积序列特点和沉积特征, 最终确定五通组的观山段下部为滨岸相的后滨-前滨的砾石海滩沉积, 观山段上部为滨岸相的前滨-上临滨的砂质海滩沉积, 擂鼓台段下部为滨岸相的混合坪粉砂岩泥岩沉积, 擂鼓台段中部为滨岸相的泥坪、海湾、滨岸沼泽沉积间有前滨的砂质海滩沉积, 擂鼓台段上部为滨岸相的含铁质的混合坪沉积。该文不仅具有理论价值, 也具有一定的教学示范作用。     

塔里木板块南缘早古生代沉积特征及构造背景探讨

塔里木板块南缘早古生代时期继承了震旦纪的古地理格局，处于浅海陆棚—半深海环境，沉积了一套海相碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩地层。根据区域地层划分、古生物化石和最新的同位素测年数据，确定了塔里林板块南缘地层时代为早古生代。通过沉积学和地球化学方法初步分析，确定了该地区为早古生代的大地构造背景—具有被动大陆边缘性质。因此，系统研究塔里木板块南缘早古生代沉积地层，对于重塑早生代以来该区板块构造格局及演化历史有重要地质意义。     

A Linear Programming Approach to Determine the Normative Composition of Sedimentary Rocks

The analysis of modal and normative composition of sedimentary rocks is widely used for studying their sources and tectonic settings. The normative calculation of the mineral composition of rocks in this study is formulated as a linear programming problem and is solved by means of the simplex method. This enables both simultaneous and successive subtraction of a set of basic minerals from a rock sample represented by its chemical composition {SiO₂...LOI}. Such an approach provides a more exact calculation of the contribution of basic minerals in the rock. This mathematical approach is used to study two representative sets of sandstones and fine-grained rocks from a Meso- to Neoproterozoic marginal basin of southeastern Siberia (Uchur–Maya region, Yakutia) and a Pennsylvanian-Lower Permian uplifted continental block in Colorado, USA. The calculated normative mineral compositions of the Siberian sandstones are consistent with the observed modal compositions. These sandstones vary from K- Feldspar rich arkoses at the base of the sequence (the Uchur Group, lower Riphean) to quartz arenites or lithic sandstones and wacke in transgressive successions of the middle-upper Riphean. Arkoses and quartz arenites are dominant in Meso- to Neoproterozoic Siberia. These samples represent craton interior uplifted basement and quartzose, recycled orogen provenance of a stable craton in Rodinia. There are higher but consistent discrepancies between the calculated and observed compositions for the Pennsylvanian to Lower-Permian arkoses and quartz arenites (Sangre de Cristo, Belden, and Maroon Formations). The differences between the predicted and observed mineralogy may be due to uncertainties in the modes in the matrix and cement of the sandstones. This normative program should supplement modal calculations and provide better genetic constructions, especially in case of matrix-rich sandstones.     

硅质碎屑岩中的微生物席相关构造——联接现代与过去的纽带

微生物通过自身生命活动可以在硅质碎屑物上形成微生物席.微生物席具有黏结性、柔韧性、抗剥蚀性等特征,与物理营力相互作用可以形成一系列独特的原生沉积构造,即微生物诱发的沉积构造(MISS).形成和保存MISS的基本条件包括经历较低的变质程度、发育于海退—海侵的转折点、出现在有利的“微生物席沉积相”中.微生物席本身很难保存在岩石序列中,所以识别石化MISS具有一定难度.与现代环境中发育的MISS具有相似的几何形态和包含古代微生物席组构是识别石化MISS的有效途径.微生物生长、稳化、障积、捕获和黏结作用可以形成形态各异的MISS,根据这些作用和特征可以将其划分为5大类17小类.对保存在硅质碎屑岩中的微生物诱发的原生沉积构造和现代潮坪中发育的MISS进行综合对比研究,有利于微生物席沉积学的发展,也为进一步理解古代硅质碎屑岩沉积环境提供重要线索.     

晚更新世以来内伶仃洋河口湾的地层层序和沉积演化

通过对内伶仃洋河口湾22个钻孔沉积物的高分辨14C测年、古生物鉴定、沉积物粒度及地球化学分析,开展了晚更新世地层划分,探讨了晚更新世以来的沉积演化过程。内伶仃洋河口湾地层被含花斑黏土层的风化层隔开,划分为上下2组,侵蚀面上下分别为全新统和上更新统地层。受晚更新世以来2次海侵的影响,内伶仃洋河口湾沉积演化分成了6个阶段,详细阐述了每个阶段的气候变化、海平面波动、沉积特征和沉积过程。     

末次冰盛期后黄河三角洲沉积物的磁性特征及其沉积环境

On the basis of measuring the magnetic parameters of sediment in Core YDZ1, combined with a grain size analysis and Carbon-14 dating, the magnetic properties of sediment and sedimentary environment in the Huanghe(Yellow River) Delta area after the last glacial maximum have been studied. The results show that the ferrimagnetic minerals of a pseudo single domain and multi domain particles dominate the magnetic properties of sediment in Core YDZ1. The imperfect anti ferrimagnetic minerals have more contribution on sediment in a depth of 24.0–22.1 m, and more stable-single domain and pseudo single domain particles exist. The susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetization and the ratio of the susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetization to saturation isothermal remanent magnetization show a decrease trend below depth of 24 m, a marked increase trend in a depth of 24.0–13.5 m, and a rapid decrease at depth of 13.5 m, then a fluctuation trend upward. The above two magnetic parameters and the ratio of the susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetization to the mass susceptibility can be regarded as the proxy indicators for the content of clay(4 μm)and the fine-grained size(32 μm). The sedimentary environment after the last glacial maximum in the Huanghe Delta area has experienced the fluvial facies, the tidal flat facies, the neritic facies, the pro delta facies, the delta front facies and the floodplain facies. Thickness of the Holocene transgression layer is 10.5 m and the depth of substrate is about 24 m according to the YDZ1 core. The sedimentary dynamic has a variation trend with strongweak-strong, which has been proved by the Flemming triangular schema.     

长江口表层沉积物中正构烷烃的高分辨分布特征及有机碳来源解析

于2014年3月对长江口及邻近海域的表层沉积物进行了高分辨率采样,分析了沉积物粒级组成、比表面积、总有机碳含量及其稳定碳同位素组成(δ¹³C)、正构烷烃及其相关分子指标,讨论了此区域沉积有机碳和正构烷烃的高分辨分布特征,并结合基于主成分分析-蒙特卡洛模拟的三端元混合模型,对沉积有机碳的来源进行了定量解析。结果表明,长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中总有机碳含量为0.45%±0.16%,近岸泥质区总有机碳含量较高,外海砂质区含量较低。总正构烷烃(C₁₄-C₃₅)的绝对含量和相对于总有机碳的含量分别为(1.42±0.73)μg/g和(0.34±0.21) mg/g。泥质区以长链正构烷烃占优势,具有较强的奇碳优势;砂质区以短链正构烷烃占优势,且具有一定的偶碳优势。长江输入、老黄河口输入、闽浙沿岸小型河流输入和水动力分选等因素制约了正构烷烃的输运和分布特征。模型结果显示此区域沉积有机碳来自海源、土壤和高等植物的混合输入,其中以海源为主,其贡献为42.70%±18.18%,由陆地向外海贡献逐渐升高,其次是土壤和高等植物,其贡献分别为2...     

南海东北部冷泉区末次冰期沉积间断及其成因

对南海东沙海域冷泉区DH-CL10和DH-CL5柱状样开展AMS14C年代学、高分辨率底栖有孔虫和沉积物同位素以及沉积学研究。结果表明:DH-CL10柱状样在全新统底部574 cm处出现沉积间断,间断面相邻沉积物AMS14C年龄分别为9 850/(9 680~9 950) cal.aBP和27 610/(27 500~27 700) cal.aBP,相当于MIS2期和部分MIS3期的沉积缺失。底栖有孔虫Uvigerina bifurcata的δ13C值为-0.37‰~-1.91‰,平均值为-1.11‰,沉积物全岩碳同位素值为-22.7‰~-23‰,均为正常的碳同位素值。尽管该柱状样未发现天然气水合物分解释放的地球化学证据,但相邻的DH-CL5柱状样相当于其所缺失的部分沉积中的自生碳酸盐岩和沉积物的δ13C负偏明显,分别为-55.24‰和-25.9‰~-27.9‰,表明与天然气水合物分解有关。推断DH-CL10柱状样沉积间断所缺失的沉积物可能记录了天然气水合物分解的证据,且沉积间断主要出现在末次盛冰期低海平面,与天然气水合物易分解的时间相吻合,因此,沉积间断的形成可能主要与下伏天然气水合物的分解导致沉积物的滑塌有关。