Characteristics and Genetic Analysis of the Deep-buried Weathered-crust Karst Hydrocarbon Reservoirs of the Lower Paleozoic Group in the Tarim Basin

The genetic analysis of the deep-buried reservoirs of the Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks in the Tarim basin is a difficult task involving many factors. Firstly, the object of study is carbonate rocks, which have undergone a long term of modification. Secondly, the rocks are deeply buried with depths of 3800-7000 m in the Tarim basin. The primary reservoir properties formed in the deposition have been strongly modified during the deep burial process. Concurrently, the different burial depths in different areas result in diversities of burial temperature, pressure, underground water, hydrochemistry and various physicochemical changes, which further lead to differences in the diagenetic type, diagenetic property, diagenetic degree and their impacts on the reservoir properties. The Lower Paleozoic Cambrian and Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim basin can be grouped into four types, i.e., paleo-weathered-crust reservoirs, reef reservoirs, buried karst reservoirs and dolomite reservoirs. This paper     

贵州桐梓松坎剖面中、下三叠统岩石学特征及沉积环境分析

贵州桐梓松坎剖面中、下三叠统发育齐全,化石丰富,出露良好,是研究上扬子地区海相地层的理想剖面之一。根据地层划分与对比,将其分为下三叠统夜郎组、茅草铺组和中三叠统关岭组。该剖面以碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩为主,其中碳酸盐岩占67％,在夜郞组、茅草铺组和关岭组均有分布;碎屑岩占24％,主要分布于夜郎组。研究表明,松坎剖面中、下三叠统是一套多旋回沉积,其中夜郎组包括2个海进海退旋回,属于潮坪、开阔台地和浅滩沉积环境;茅草铺组包括3个海进海退旋回,属于开阔台地和局限台地沉积环境;关岭组总体上为海退沉积,属于局限台地和潮坪沉积环境。在沉积环境分析的基础上,建立了松坎剖面中、下三叠统的沉积模式,即潮坪-局限台地-浅滩-开阔台地沉积模式。     

西藏主要含煤岩系及其成煤环境初探

西藏煤系分布广泛,本文通过对西藏煤系的初步研究,主要从煤系地层、岩石组成以及煤系沉积特点三个方面对马查拉煤系、妥坝煤系、土门煤系、多尼煤系四个主要的西藏煤系进行初步探讨.认为马查拉煤系的沉积环境属浅海-海陆交互相沉积,妥坝煤系不仅具有海陆过渡相之滨岸三角洲带-碎屑潮坪-潮坪泻湖相沉积,还具有滨岸碳酸盐潮坪-碳酸盐台地的滨海-浅海清水沉积的特征,土门煤系则是下部以浅海相沉积为主,中部以海陆交互相沉积为主,上部以陆相沉积为主,多尼煤系则是滨海与海陆过渡相沉积.     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20141597 Cai Yanfeng(Key Laboratory of Plateau Lake Ecology and Global Change,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming650500,China);Zhang Hucai The Ostracods Assemblages and Environmental Evolution of the Qingtu Lake,Minqin County,Gansu Province since 7Ka B.P.(Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0674,CN32-1189/Q,30(3),2013,p.263-274,5 illus.,64 refs.) Key words:Ostracoda,sedimentary evolution,     

河北南部峰峰煤田山西组沉积特征与沉积环境演化

通过研究峰峰煤田山西组岩性和沉积构造特征,将山西组划分为四个沉积旋回,根据沉积环境的演化,分析了其对成煤作用的影响,认为区内山西组为典型的河控浅水三角洲沉积,该沉积体系中的聚煤作用较强,尤其是分流间洼地持续发展的部位形成了较厚煤层,由于分流河道的迁移作用,煤层分叉现象,而且成煤后遭河道冲刷导致变薄或缺失。     

一种适用于沉积有机质族组分分离的微型柱色谱法

硅胶-氧化铝柱色谱是广泛采用的沉积有机质组分分离方法。但在常规柱色谱分离方法中,存在吸附剂、溶剂使用量过大、烷烃/芳烃组分交叉严重等问题。介绍一种微型柱色谱分离法,其分离效果与常规方法的效果基本相同或略有改善,吸附剂用量与样品的比例由100～250降低为25～50,洗脱溶剂与样品的比例由1800～4600降低至250～500。同时,操作程序进一步简化,分析成本和对环境的污染程度大幅度降低。     

塔里木盆地塔中32井中上奥陶统内潮汐沉积

塔里木盆地塔中32井的中、上奥陶统钻遇厚度为1 462 m。它是一套巨厚的深灰色泥岩、页岩与灰色砂岩、粉砂岩互层夹少量灰岩的地层。其中深灰色泥岩、页岩最多；砂岩和粉砂岩主要分布于上部和下部，中部砂岩和粉砂岩较少；鲕粒灰岩数量少，主要夹于深灰色泥页岩中。这些砂岩和鲕粒灰岩既可单独成层，但更常见它们与深灰色泥页岩组合成薄互层。薄互层中发育脉状、波状和透镜状层理，并普遍发育交错层理和双向交错纹理。这些特征表明砂岩和鲕粒灰岩为深水斜坡上的内潮汐沉积的产物。这些内潮汐沉积进一步划分为4种类型：双向交错纹理细砂岩型、单向交错层和双向交错纹理中-细砂岩型、韵律性砂泥岩薄互层型和鲕粒灰岩型。它们具有5种垂向沉积层序，在剖面上常形成多旋回韵律性沉积组合。     

安塞油田坪桥水平井区沉积微相三维建模研究

以安塞油田坪桥水平井区为例,探讨了应用水平井和露头资料及标点过程(示性点过程)方法进行沉积微相三维建模的思路与方法,同时对研究区三角洲前缘分流河道的定量结构模式进行了深入的研究。研究表明,坪桥水平井区三角洲分流河道单砂体宽度一般为40～100m左右。砂体结构呈两种模式,其一为“迷宫状”,砂体离散地分布于湖相泥岩中,其二为“拼合板状”,多个砂体在侧向上叠置而形成连片分布的砂体,但部分单砂体间可被泥质或钙质薄层侧积层所隔挡。应用水平井资料和露头资料,可有效地提取三维建模所必须的地质统计学参数。研究表明,采用标点过程方法,可建立符合地质实际的沉积微相三维模型。     

Formation of mud clast breccias and the process of sedimentary autobrecciation in the hominin-bearing (Homo naledi) Rising Star Cave system,South Africa

Unconsolidated mud clast breccia facies in the hominin-bearing (Homo naledi) Rising Star Cave, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa, are interpreted to have formed through a process termed sedimentary autobrecciation in this study. This process, by which most of the angular mud clast breccia deposits are thought to have formed autochthonously to para-autochthonously via a combination of erosion, desiccation, diagenesis and microbial alteration of laminated mud deposits, is thought to have taken place under relatively dry (i.e. non-flooded) conditions inside the cave. Subsequently, gravitational slumping and collapse was the dominant mechanism that produced the mud clast breccia deposits, which commonly accumulate into debris aprons. The mud clast breccia is typically associated with (micro) mammal fossils and is a common facies throughout the cave system, occurring in lithified and unlithified form. This facies has not been described from other cave localities in the Cradle of Humankind. Additionally, sedimentary autobrecciation took place during the deposition of some of the fossils within the Rising Star Cave, including the abundant Homo naledi skeletal remains found in the Dinaledi Subsystem. Reworking of the mud clast breccia deposits occurs in some chambers as they slump towards floor drains, resulting in the repositioning of fossils embedded in the breccias as evidenced by cross-cutting manganese staining lines on some Homo naledi fossil remains. The formation of the unlithified mud clast breccia deposits is a slow process, with first order formation rates estimated to be ca 8 × 10⁻⁴ mm year⁻¹. The slow formation of the unlithified mud clast breccia facies sediments and lack of laminated mud facies within these deposits, indicates that conditions in the Dinaledi Chamber were probably stable and dry for at least the last ca 300 ka, meaning that this study excludes Homo naledi being actively transported by fluvial mechanisms during the time their remains entered the cave.