苏东区块盒8段储层微观孔隙结构特征研究

鄂尔多斯盆地苏东区块盒8段储层是典型的致密砂岩储层,影响储层质量的因素较为复杂。以铸体薄片、扫描电镜和物性分析等资料为基础,对储层微观孔隙结构特征进行了定性分析,同时应用恒速压汞方法对储层微观孔隙结构进行了定量表征。研究结果表明:苏东区块盒8段低渗储层物性主要受喉道控制,而不是孔隙;平均喉道半径越大,微观均值系数越小,相对大喉道越多,排驱压力越低,储层微观孔隙结构一般越好,反映储层微观孔隙结构品质越好因此,喉道是影响致密砂岩储层质量的主要微观地质因素。     

An Innovative Approach to Meteorite Analysis by Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

An innovative approach of double pulse laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (DP‐LIBS) coupled with optical microscopy was applied to the characterisation and quantitative analysis of the Agoudal iron meteorite in bulk sample and in petrographic thin section. Qualitative analysis identified the elements Ca, Co, Fe, Ga, Li and Ni in the thin section and the whole meteorite. Two different methods, calibration‐free LIBS and one‐point calibration LIBS, were used as complementary methodologies for quantitative LIBS analysis. The elemental composition data obtained by LIBS were in good agreement with the compositional analyses obtained by traditional methods generally applied for the analysis of meteorites, such as ICP‐MS and EDS‐SEM. Besides the recognised advantages of LIBS over traditional techniques, including versatility, minimal destructivity, lack of waste production, low operating costs, rapidity of analysis, availability of transportable or portable systems, etc., additional advantages of this technique in the analysis of meteorites are precision and accuracy, sensitivity to low atomic number elements such as Li and the capacity to detect and quantify Co contents that cannot be obtained by EDS‐SEM.     

海底滑坡对置于海床表面管线作用力的CFD模拟

海底管线是海洋工程中用于传输原油和天然气等的重要通道,通常放置在海床表面或处于悬跨状态。本文采用计算流体动力学CFD法模拟了不同冲击角度下海底滑坡对置于海床表面的海底管线的作用,得到了管线所受的轴向荷载和法向荷载与滑坡冲击角度之间的关系。同时分析了沿冲击方向管线截面形状与管线所受阻力之间的关系。对已有研究进行拓展延伸,丰富了不同工况下轴向阻力系数和法向阻力系数的计算成果,得出了海底滑坡对置于海床表面管线冲击力的计算公式。     

省界断面水资源监测站网建设实施与探讨

省界断面水资源监测是实行最严格水资源管理制度的重要基础工作,介绍了省界断面水资源监测站网建设的建设目标、主要任务、建设内容和投资,阐述了项目的实施和安排,并针对当前项目实施情况和特点,探讨了项目实施和运行管理需要注意的问题。     

龙26-平25长水平段水平井钻井技术

为了高效开发低渗透油藏,在大庆油田龙26区块部署了龙26-平25长水平段水平井。介绍了井身结构与井眼轨迹剖面设计特点,分析了钻井施工中的难点,从井眼轨迹控制、旋转地质导向钻井技术、摩阻与扭矩监测、井眼清洁等几个方面对该井采用的技术措施进行了详细阐述。龙26-平25井完钻井深4045.00 m,水平段长2033.00 m,各项指标均符合设计要求,创出了大庆油田应用水基钻井液施工水平井水平段最长的记录,为今后施工同类型长水平段水平井积累了宝贵的施工经验。     

查格勒布鲁剖面CGS3a层段主元素记录的巴丹吉林沙漠35 000~25 000 a B. P.季风环境变化

对巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘查格勒布鲁剖面该层段的CGS3a层段（Chagelebulu Section 3a）139个样品的主元素——SiO₂、Al₂O₃、TOFE（Fe₂O₃+FeO）进行分析,划分出与地层旋回对应的5.5个化学元素旋回。研究认为：沙丘砂和黄土中SiO₂呈现的峰和Al₂O₃、TOFE、(TOFE+Al₂O₃)/SiO₂和CIA呈现的谷是类似于现代干冷的冬季风在过去多次作用的结果,而嗣后的湖相SiO₂呈现的谷和Al₂O₃、TOFE、(TOFE+Al₂O₃)/SiO₂和CIA的呈现的峰是类似于现代暖湿的夏季风在过去多次作用的结果。即35 000~25 000 a B. P.该沙漠经历了5次冬季风和6次夏季风交替的气候波动,这些气候事件与GRIP冰芯氧同位素记录的D/O（Dansgaard/Oeschger）事件相对应,Heinrich事件也在其中有很好体现。CGS3a层段所记录的千年尺度的气候波动可能是受到了北大西洋气候突变的影响。     

三维激光扫描技术在地质实习中的应用研究

三维激光扫描技术相对于传统的数据采集方式具有更高精度、远距离获取等优势。本文介绍了三维激光扫描技术的工作原理,并结合地质剖面分析了点云数据的采集以及获取的流程,结合生成的地质剖面模型讨论了点云数据在地质剖面分析方面的优势以及存在的问题。     

137°经向断面温、盐度的年际变异

系统地分析了137°E断面温、盐度的多年变化,主要结果为:(1)137°E断面100m层温度,在低纬度海域于某些年份出现异常低温,此现象可能与厄尔尼诺事件有关;指出棉兰老冷涡的存在是造成该断面于6°～8°N附近出现低温的主要原因。(2)厄尔尼诺期间,冬季137°E断面上28℃等温线所在纬度小于其多年平均值。(3)冬季137°E断面上次表层高盐水可划分为强型、次强型、中等型和弱型4种类型。     

Added mass and damping of a sphere section in heave

The Norwegian wave-power buoy¹ consists of a half-immersed floating sphere which is open to the sea at the bottom end. It is a two degree-of-freedom device involving the independent motion of the outer rigid sphere and the pressure across the internal free surface. A simpler model of the device is to represent the oscillatory flow through the bottom opening as another rigid body motion being that of the curved surface which would complete the sphere.The wave-induced forces on this surface and also the outer spherical surface due to independent oscillations of either are determined semi-analytically using a simple extension of the method of Havelock,² recently simplified and generalised by Hulme,³ for the complete half-immersed sphere. In particular the 2 × 2 added mass and damping matrices are determined as a function of frequency and relative size of bottom opening to sphere radius. These quantities are essential in any theoretical analysis of a multi-degree of freedom wave-energy device.     

Surface geostrophic currents across the Antarctic circumpolar current in Drake Passage from 1992 to 2004

The Southern Ocean plays an important role in the global overturning circulation as a significant proportion of deep water is converted into intermediate and deeper water masses in this region. Recently, a secular trend has been reported in wind stress around the Southern Ocean and it is thought theoretically that the strength of the ACC is closely related to wind stress, so one consequence should be a corresponding increase in ACC transport and hence changes in the rate of the global overturning. There are no long-term data sets of ACC transport and so we must examine other data that may also respond to changing wind stress. Here we calculate surface currents in Drake Passage every seven days over 11.25 years from 1992 to 2004. We combine surface velocity anomalies calculated from satellite altimeter sea surface heights with measured surface currents. Since 1992, the UK has regularly occupied WOCE hydrographic section SR1b across the ACC in Drake Passage. From seven hydrographic sections surface currents are estimated by referencing relative geostrophic velocities from CTD sections with current measurements made by shipboard and lowered acoustic Doppler current profilers. Combining the seven estimates of surface currents with the altimeter data reduces bias in the estimates of average currents over time through Drake Passage and we show that surface current anomalies estimated by satellite and in situ observations are in good agreement. The strongest surface currents are found in the Subantarctic and Polar Fronts with average speeds of 50 cm/s and 35 cm/s, respectively and are inversely correlated, so that maximum westward flow in one corresponds to minimum westward flow in the other. The average cross-sectional weighted surface velocity from 1992 to 2004 is 16.7 ± 0.2 cm/s. A spectral analysis of the average surface current has only weakly increasing energy at higher frequencies and there is no dominant mode of variability. The standard deviation of the seven day currents is 0.68 cm/s and a running 12 month average has only a slightly smaller standard deviation of 0.52 ± 0.16 cm/s. The southern annular mode (SAM) measures the circumpolar average of wind stress and like the surface currents its spectrum has slightly increased energy at frequencies greater than 1 cpy. A cospectral analysis of these, averaging cospectra of five slightly overlapping 36 month segments improve statistical reliability, suggests that there is coherence between them at 1 cpy with the currents leading changes in the Southern annular mode. We conclude that the SAM and average Drake Passage surface currents are weakly correlated with no dominant co-varying modes, and hence predicting Southern Ocean transport variability from the SAM is not likely to give significant results and that secular trends in surface currents are likely to be masked by weekly and interannual variability.