浙江桐庐县刘家奥陶纪剖面生物地层学初步研究

新发现的浙江桐庐刘家剖面位于马金一乌镇断裂与球川一萧山断裂之间,是浙西北地区以碎屑岩沉积为主的代表性奥陶纪地层剖面。根据所获得的宁国组和胡乐组的笔石化石,初步建立了该层段的笔石生物地层序列,自下而上包括Tetragraptusapproximatus带、Corymbograptusdeflexus带、Azygograp...     

渤海湾西岸全新世地层的分段与划组

本文以岩性地层、气候地层(CaCO3含量、古温度和Rb/Sr比值等)、年代地层、沉积化学地层和生物组合地层等资料为基础,根据地层规范以及建组要求将渤海湾西岸全新世地层划分为3个组:独流镇组( Qh3 dl)、大黄洼组(Qh2dh)和西翟庄组(Qh1xz).其地层埋深界线及测年界线分别为:晚全新世独流镇组(Qh3dl)与...     

Early subduction–exhumation and late channel flow of the Greater Himalayan Sequence: implications from the Yadong section in the eastern Himalaya

Based on metamorphic studies of the Yadong high-pressure (HP) granulite and multiple thermochronological investigations of granitoids from both upper and lower parts, the Yadong section in the eastern Himalaya constrains the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS). The Yadong HP granulite, located at the top of the GHS, underwent a peak-stage HP granulite facies metamorphism and two stages of retrograde metamorphism. Granulite and hornblende facies retrograde metamorphism took place at 48.5 and 31.8 Ma, respectively, marking the time of exhumation of the subducted Indian slab to lower and middle crustal levels. Subsequently, an average young zircon U–Pb age obtained from the Yadong HP granulite indicated that this unit was captured by its surroundings in a partially molten condition at 16.9 Ma. In addition, three granitoids from both the lower and the upper parts of the GHS yielded biotite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of 11.0, 11.3, and 11.5 million years. These consistent ages suggest that the GHS along the Yadong section was laterally extruded and synchronously cooled to ～300°C at ～11.3 Ma. Furthermore, the granitic gneisses yield apatite fission track ages of ～7 million years, documenting the cooling of the GHS to ～110°C. A two-stage model describes the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the GHS: (1) the Indian slab had subducted under Tibet before ～55 Ma, and was exhumed to the lower crust (50-40 km) at 48.5 Ma, and to the middle crust (22-15 km) at 31.8 Ma; and (2) the partial melting occurred at middle crustal levels during the period 31.8 to 16.9 Ma, causing channel flow. In the late stage, the GHS was laterally extruded by ductile mid-crustal flow during the period 16.9 to ～7 Ma, characterized by a fast cooling rate of ～2 mm per year.     

滇西北兰坪盆地北部上三叠统含盐层位的厘定及其意义

通过野外实测剖面和大量室内岩矿工作,首次指出兰坪盆地上三叠统至少存在2套含盐层位,上含盐层位于三合洞组上段(T3s2),盐类物质以石膏、天青石为主,下含盐层位于三合洞组下段(T3s1),以天青石为主。天青石和石膏均呈中厚层层状产出,与顶底板地层产状一致。不同地区含盐层岩石组合及序列不同,横向上不具有可对比性,提出其并非正常蒸发沉积产物的认识。同时,含盐地层又是盆地内铅锌矿重要的赋矿层位,因此上三叠统含盐建造层序的厘定对深化认识区域铅锌矿床成矿机制、指导盐类矿床和铅锌矿找矿具有重要的意义。     

新疆且末地磁基准台场址勘选

对拟建设的新疆且末地磁台进行场址勘选,采取十字剖面测量和密跨度测量方法进行地磁场总强度F测量,对测量结果进行初步分析.分析结果表明,且末地磁台的地质条件、磁场梯度分布和背景噪声环境等地磁观测环境条件,符合国家地磁台建设规范的要求,适宜地磁基准台站建设.     

大地震的18.6年周期

将全球分为15个研究区,用1900~2009年M_W≥7.0地震目录,统计分析了各区大地震与月球交点运动周期的关系,得出15个研究区中有10个区,大地震存在统计意义上的18.6 a周期:活跃段为12.4 a,平静段为6.2 a;环太平洋地震带北、南、西、东4大区的大地震,不仅有这样的周期,而且其地震活跃段的时间存在一定规律.用第6个18.6 a(1991~2009年)期间的大地震,检验据前5个18.6 a(1900~1990年)地震目录所得18.6 a 周期的稳定性和实用性,发现有这种周期的地区多数的周期性是稳定的.大地震18.6 a周期的可能成因有: (1)18.6 a潮波通过调制日潮和半日潮调制大地震; (2)上地幔内流体的潮汐(地内潮)作用; (3)18.6 a潮波通过影响地球自转变化调制大地震.     

鄂尔多斯盆地下石盒子组盒8段储集砂体发育控制因素及沉积模式研究

以鄂尔多斯盆地二叠系下石盒子组盒8段储集砂体为研究对象,在众多前人研究成果的基础上,综合研究了盆地内下石盒子组盒8段沉积演化过程中储集砂体发育特征,主要表现为:岩石类型多样,包括含砾粗砂岩、中粒砂岩、细粒砂岩等;成因复杂:包括冲积扇砂体、河流砂体、辫状河三角洲砂体等;分布广泛:具有广覆式大面积分布特征。在上述基础上,系统深入分析了控制盒8大面积砂体分布的关键因素,主要包括:强物源、多物源供给是基础,多水系发育是前提,平缓古地貌是背景,高流速河流是动力。其中,强物源、多物源不仅为盆地内提供了丰富碎屑物质,而且控制着盆地内不同区域储集砂体的岩性特征;多水系发育为形成大面积砂体分布提供了条件,发源于物源区向盆地内搬运陆源碎屑物质的六条水浅流急的辫状河道在盆地中部汇合交叉控制着单层砂体厚度及其连片性。平缓古地貌控制着多河道发育和长距离搬运过程中河道摆动、迁移频繁,并相互叠置交叉。高流速河流控制着平缓古地形上发育的多河道不断交叉、复合。并定量计算了盒8段储集砂体沉积时的地形古坡度,平均坡降为1.10m·km^-1,平均坡度为0.063°;古河流水体平均流速为8.31m·s^-1。进而,结合盆地内钻井实际建立了下石盒子组盒8段独具特色的"强物源供给的缓坡浅水辫状河三角洲沉积模式"。     

浅埋大跨小净距隧道断面形态及合理间距的优化研究

对于大跨度小净距隧道而言,合理扁平率及双洞间距的设计对于节约成本,提高隧道线型规划具有至关重要的作用,因此,优化大跨度小净距隧道的扁平率及其间距是隧道设计施工面临的关键问题。利用大型有限元分析软件ABAQUS的标准设计语言Python编程,对某拟建大跨度小净距隧道不同扁平率及其间距进行参数化设计;采用精确罚函数法以及Nelder-Mead优化算法相结合的有限元优化分析计算程序,以隧道开挖面积、围岩塑性区、地表沉降和拱顶下沉等作为优化目标值,对建立的参数化模型进行计算,提出依托工程条件下扁平率及间距的最优组合。研究方法和成果对推动大断面小净距隧道的发展和应用具有重要的现实意义。     

Radiometric Zircon Ages of a Tuff Sample from the Baishantou Member of Wuyun Formation,Jiayin: A Contribution to the Search for the K‐T Boundary in Heilongjian River Area,China

The existence of the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary in the non-marine succession is expected at Jiayin in the Heilongjiang River area, China. Zircons from a tuff sample from the Baishantou Member of Wuyun Formation in Jiayin were analyzed by the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb dating and fission-track dating methods. Ages of 64.1±0.7 Ma (U-Pb) and 61.7±1.8 Ma (fission-track dating) were obtained, which allow re-evaluation of a previously reported late Maastrichian age for the tuff layer that was in conflict with the paleontological evidence. These results confirm the Danian age of the section in agreement with the paleontological evidence.     

塔里木盆地柯坪地区奥陶系鹰山组台内滩储层地层特征对比研究:以石灰窑和大湾沟剖面为例

塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩礁滩体储层已经成为当前油气勘探的热点.以塔里木盆地柯坪地区石灰窑和大湾沟露头剖面为例,对奥陶系鹰山组台内滩地层的岩相组成及层序地层特征两个方面进行深入对比研究,并在此基础上分析了碳酸盐岩台内滩地层发育的控制因素.结果表明:(1)石灰窑地区和大湾沟地区鹰山组地层发育特征存在差异,石灰窑剖面以薄层颗粒灰岩...