基于分区的局域神经网络时空建模方法研究

区域数据表现为两种尺度的空间特性:反映全局特征的空间依赖性和反映局域特征的空间波动性.空间波动性表现为空间数据在局部地区的聚集或高低交错现象.在研究区域数据时空预测性建模时,从降低数据的空间波动和不平稳性对模型预测能力的影响角度出发,提出了一种基于分区的局域神经网络时空非线性建模的思路.分区过程由基于空间邻接关系的K-means聚类算法完成.不同的分区方案通过相关性、波动性、紧凑性等指标进行评价和优选.在确定最优分区方案的基础上,对各子区分别采用两层前馈网络进行建模,模型的输入不仅要考虑本区内单元的作用,而且要考虑相邻子区的边界效应.各神经网络模型的时空预测能力通过平均相均差和动态相似率等指标进行衡量.最后,通过对法国94个县每周流感报告病例的时空建模分析表明,与全局神经网络模型相比,基于分区的局域神经网络模型具有更好的预测能力.     

井中激电地-井方式井旁球体正反演

以激发极化法中的地-井方式中的体极化球形体作为研究对象,采用解析法对地下半空间的电位场进行求解,利用提取出的井中二次场异常电位差进行反演,得出极化球体的球心离井的距离和球心的埋深。通过计算机进行正反演模拟,验证了进行正反演计算的解析式的正确性,并从物理意义上对正反演过程中出现的现象进行分析。最后给出该方法的适用条件以及注意事项。研究对激发极化法地下勘探目标的定量分析具有明确意义。     

Geochemistry and environmental effect of cadmium in the super-large Jinding Pb-Zn deposit,Yunnan Province,China

The Jinding Pb-Zn deposit in Yunnan Province is the representative of a Cd-enriched area and mining activities lead to the release of Cd into the hypergenic ecosystem, resulting in Cd pollution. The concentrations of Cd vary greatly from one type to another type of rocks in the mining district. In the host rock, Cd concentrations range from 50×10^-6 to 650×10^-6 with an average of 310×10^-6. In primary ores, Cd concentrations range from 14×10^-6 to 2800×10^-6 with an average of 767×10^-6. However, in oxidized ores, Cd concentrations are highest, varying within the range of 110×10^-6 to 8200×10^-6 , averaging 1661×10^-6. It is shown that the oxidized ores are the main carder and environmental source of Cd. Leaching test showed that Pb/Zn ores are easy to oxidize and thereafter release Cd and other harmful elements. These leached elements in the leachate may be precipitated rapidly in the order of Zn〉Pb〉Cd. As for the concentration distribution of Cd in the Bijiang River, it is estimated to be 15.7 μg/L Cd in water, 49.3 mg/L in suspended substances, and 203.7 mg/L in sediments. The average value of Cd in soil from the polluted area is 83.0 mg/kg. Natural weathering of Cd-rich rocks and minerals imposes a potential environmental risk on the aquatic ecosystem of the Bijiang catchment.     

三峡水库区兴山后坝滑坡成因分析

文章通过对三峡水库区兴山后坝滑坡的地质、结构及变形特征研究以及稳定性分析,阐明了该滑坡成因和影响因素。研究发现,滑坡活动主要受地形地貌、地层岩性、人类工程活动以及降雨等因素的影响。运用剩余推力法对比分析天然及暴雨条件下不同层位的滑坡稳定性系数,得出在暴雨作用下滑坡表层滑带稳定性系数最小,不同滑带的稳定性受降雨的影响也各不相同,呈表层〉浅层〉深层的规律;这主要受滑带土的粘土矿物组分的影响。     

淮南刘庄煤矿地基人工冻融土工程性质与中微观结构之间关系研究

以淮南刘庄煤矿主井地基的人工冻融土为研究对象,以偏光显微镜,扫描电镜（SEM）为主要研究手段,研究分析了人工冻融土与原状土的中微观结构、冻融前后的中微观结构的变化规律及内在原因。此外,还研究分析了人工冻融土冻融前后的中微观结构及其变化与人工冻融土的物理、力学、工程性质之间的关系。研究显示中微观结构对人工冻融土的物理、力学、工程性质有很大的影响,冻融前后中微观结构的变化受到土的种类、埋深、原状土的中微观结构等因素的影响,且冻融前后的中微观结构的变化在一定程度上主导了冻融前后的物理、力学、工程性质的改变。     

地下矿产开采对天然气管道工程的安全影响评价

西气东输天然气管道工程途经兖州市,穿越杨庄、杨村、兴隆庄等煤矿矿区,压覆煤层埋深变化较大。该文采用预测法对各煤矿在不同开采条件下分煤层对管道运营安全的危害程度进行了评价分析。通过计算表明,煤矿开采埋深越浅,煤层越厚,对管道危害越严重。兴隆庄煤矿3煤层、杨村煤矿煤16t、煤17开采对管道影响强烈,杨庄煤矿煤16t、煤17开采对管道影响中等,兴隆庄煤矿煤16t、煤17开采对管道运营影响小。     

矿山固体废弃物对地质环境的影响分析

在山西省重点地区固体废弃物现状调查研究的基础上,通过试样试验,分析研究了固体废弃物对土壤、大气、水环境的污染,探讨了对固体废弃物的治理及利用,为研究矿山生态环境地质研究提供参考,同时积累工作经验。     

肋柱式锚杆支挡结构的徐变次内力分析

采用老化徐变理论和等效弹性模量法,对肋柱式锚杆支挡结构的徐变影响提出了具体计算方法,并通过实例计算了支挡结构的徐变次内力。计算结果表明,在逆作法条件下,随着开挖深度的加大,岩土侧向压力也增大,使后期施工的混凝土构件产生的徐变次内力也随之增大;考虑徐变后使结构设计更加安全可靠,尤其坡脚处后期浇筑的混凝土构件,更要关注徐变的影响。     

Mechanism for the rapid motion of the Qianjiangping landslide during reactivation by the first impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam reservoir, China

The first impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam reservoir in China started from a water surface elevation of 95 m on June 1, 2003 and reached 135 m on June 15, 2003. Shortly after the water level reached 135 m, many slopes began to deform and some landslides occurred. The Qianjiangping landslide is the largest one; it occurred on the early morning of July 14, 2003 and caused great loss of lives and property. Field investigation revealed that, although failure occurred after the reservoir reached 135 m, the stability of the slope was already reduced by preexisting sheared bedding planes. To study the mechanism of the rapid motion of this reactivated landslide, two soil samples were taken from a yellow clay layer and a black silt layer in the sliding zone, respectively, and a series of ring shear tests were conducted on the samples. One series of ring shear tests simulates the creep deformation behavior, while the other series simulates different shear rates. Conclusions drawn from analysis of the ring shear tests indicate that the mechanism of the rapid motion of the reactivated landslide was caused by the rate effect of the black silt layer during the motion phase after the creep failure. The yellow clay layer did not play any important role in the rapid motion in the 2003 event.     

Zircon M257 ‐ a Homogeneous Natural Reference Material for the Ion Microprobe U‐Pb Analysis of Zircon

We introduce and propose zircon M257 as a future reference material for the determination of zircon U‐Pb ages by means of secondary ion mass spectrometry. This light brownish, flawless, cut gemstone specimen from Sri Lanka weighed 5.14 g (25.7 carats). Zircon M257 has TIMS‐determined, mean isotopic ratios (2s uncertainties) of 0.09100 ± 0.00003 for ²⁰⁶pb/²³⁸U and 0.7392 ± 0.0003 for ²⁰⁷pb/²³⁵U. Its ²⁰⁶pb/²³⁸U age is 561.3 ± 0.3 Ma (unweighted mean, uncertainty quoted at the 95% confidence level); the U‐Pb system is concordant within uncertainty of decay constants. Zircon M257 contains ～ 840 μg g^?1 U (Th/U ～ 0.27). The material exhibits remarkably low heterogeneity, with a virtual absence of any internal textures even in cathodoluminescence images. The uniform, moderate degree of radiation damage (estimated from the expansion of unit‐cell parameters, broadening of Raman spectral parameters and density) corresponds well, within the “Sri Lankan trends”, with actinide concentrations, U‐Pb age, and the calculated alpha fluence of 1.66 × 10¹⁸ g^?1. This, and a (U+Th)/He age of 419 ± 9 Ma (2s), enables us to exclude any unusual thermal history or heat treatment, which could potentially have affected the retention of radiogenic Pb. The oxygen isotope ratio of this zircon is 13.9%o VSMOW suggesting a metamorphic genesis in a marble or calc‐silicate skarn.