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101.
Conservation laws of wave action and potential enstrophy for rossby waves in a stratified atmosphere
David M. Straus 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1983,121(5-6):917-946
The purpose of this article is to discuss the evolution of wave energy, enstrophy and action for atmospheric Rossby waves
in a variable mean flow. The presentation is theoretical, but does not represent original research; rather, it is pedagogic
in nature. The work of a number of people has been drawn together into a unified account, with much of the algebra implicit
in previous work made explicit here. The central results are that wave energy is conserved only when there are no spatial
variations in the mean flow, and wave action is conserved even in the presence of such variations as long as they are not
in the longitudinal direction. Finally, wave enstrophy is conserved in the presence of arbitrary (slow) mean flow variations. 相似文献
102.
注水开发过程中原油的水洗作用初探 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
注水开发过程中的水洗作用是一个以往被忽略,但又十分重要的问题.通过对3口井、时间间隔为20年的6个原油样品系统的地球化学测试与对比研究,探讨了注水开发过程中水洗作用对原油的改造作用以及各种地球化学参数的变化特征和规律.结果表明,在注水开发过程中,水洗作用对芳烃的影响远大于饱和烃,主要表现在芳烃组分的含量明显降低,一些芳烃类化合物的含量和芳烃参数也发生了显著的变化.认为这些变化是注水开发过程中原油遭受水洗作用的特征性标志,并对油源对比和油气运移等研究具有参考意义. 相似文献
103.
Wind erosion of blanket peat during a short period of surface desiccation (North Pennines,Northern England) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Strong winds are a characteristic feature of UK upland areas. Despite this, understanding of aeolian processes in upland environments of the UK is limited. This paper presents direct measurements and observations of blanket peat erosion by wind action during a two week period of desiccation in the North Pennines, Northern England. A circular configuration of mass flux sediment samplers was used to collect peat eroded by wind action from 16 cardinal compass directions. Meteorological conditions (wind speed, wind direction, precipitation and temperature) were recorded by an automatic weather station set up adjacent to the site. Surface desiccation led to peat crust erosion and dust deflation. During short (≤1 hour) periods of precipitation, wind‐driven rainfall also caused erosion. Typically, dust flux rates were up to two orders of magnitude lower than recorded during periods of sustained wet weather. Measurements demonstrate the hitherto unreported rapid switch in process regime between wind‐driven rainfall and dry blow deflation in blanket peat environments. Dry blow processes of blanket peat erosion may become more important in UK upland areas if climate change promotes more frequent surface desiccation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
104.
105.
Steve Dury Brian Turner Bill Foley Ian Wallis 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2001,3(4):328
In this study we assess the feasibility of remotely measuring canopy biochemistry, and thus the potential for conducting large-scale mapping of habitat quality. A number of studies have found nutrient composition of eucalypt foliage to be a major determinant of the distribution of folivorous marsupials. More recently it has been demonstrated that a specific group of secondary plant chemicals, the diformylphloroglucinols (DFPs), are the most important feeding deterrents, and are thus vital determinants of habitat quality. We report on the use of laboratory spectroscopy to attempt to identify one such DFP, sideroxylonal-A, in the foliage of Eucalyptus melliodora, one of the few eucalypt species browsed by folivorous marsupials. Reflectance spectra were obtained for freeze-dried, ground leaves using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and for both oven-dried and fresh whole leaves using a laboratory-based (FieldSpec) spectroradiometer. Modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression was used to develop calibration equations for sideroxylonal-A concentration based on the reflectance spectra transformed as both the first and second difference of absorbance (Log 1/R). The predictive ability of the calibration equations was assessed using the standard error of calibration statistic (SECV). Coefficients of determination (r2) were highest for the ground leaf spectra (0.98), followed by the fresh leaf and dry leaf spectra (0.94 and 0.87, respectively). When applied to independent validation sub-sets, sideroxylonal-A was most accurately predicted from the ground leaf spectra (r2 = 0.94), followed by the dry leaf and fresh leaf spectra (0.72 and 0.53, respectively). Two spectral regions, centred on 674 nm and 1394 nm, were found to be highly correlated with sideroxylonal-A concentration for each of the three spectral data sets studied. Results from this study suggest that calibration equations derived from modified partial least squares regression may be used to predict sideroxylonal-A concentration, and hence leaf palatability, of Eucalyptus melliodora trees, thereby indicating that the remote estimation of habitat quality of eucalypt forests for marsupial folivores is feasible. 相似文献
106.
二级结构地震反应的实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
林均岐 《地震工程与工程振动》2001,21(3):75-78
本文针对结构顶部的附属结构在正弦激励和地震动作用下的反应,设计了多层结构模型并研究了附属结构的多种情况。实验结果表明,附属结构在地震作用下可对主体结构产生不同的影响,根据附属结构的参数的不同可能导致主体结构的反应增大或减小,因此得出结论:在结构设计时对主体结构和附属结构进行整体考虑,能使结构的地震反应控制在最佳的水平。 相似文献
107.
108.
东营凹陷下第三系深部碎屑岩储层次生孔隙垂向分布及成因分析 总被引:26,自引:1,他引:26
东营凹陷下第三系埋深大于 30 0 0 m的深部碎屑岩储层普遍发育 2~ 4个次生孔隙带 ,Φ=10 %~ 30 % ,K=0 .1× 10 - 3μm2~ 30× 10 - 3μm2 ,为中孔低渗低孔低渗油气储层。综合有机质热演化过程、成岩作用和构造断裂等分析 ,认为东营凹陷埋深大于 30 0 0m碎屑岩地层中 ,第一、二个次生孔隙带埋深在 30 0 0 m~ 390 0 m之间 ,其形成主要与有机质成熟过程释放有机酸对长石等颗粒的溶解有密切关系 ,在深大断裂附近储层同时受到大气淡水的影响 ,而深陷带包裹于暗色泥岩中的浊积砂岩的次生孔隙发育情况还与泥质岩异常压力带有关 ;第三个次生孔隙带埋深一般为 390 0 m~ 430 0 m,主要成因于粘土矿物转化造成的还原环境 ,同时受到硫酸盐热化学氧化还原反应的影响。这三个次生孔隙发育带对储集油气有效。第四个孔隙发育带埋深在 470 0 m以下 ,主要是构造成因的微裂缝 ,较难成为有效的油气储层。 相似文献
109.
pH值对长石溶解度及次生孔隙发育的影响 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
本文从长石溶解反应的机理及各离子形态在溶液中分布的热力学角度出发 ,论述了pH值对三个长石端员及高岭石在流体中溶解度的影响。在此基础上 ,进一步探讨了流体酸碱度对长石向高岭石转化和次生孔隙发育程度的制约 ,并提出了衡量次生孔隙发育程度的参数———转化系数D。 相似文献
110.