Na+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+//Cl-,SO42——H2O六元体系中杂卤石形成条件的再认识

研究海水体系(即Na⁺,K⁺,Mg²⁺,Ca²⁺∥Cl^-,$SO_{4}^{2-}$-H₂O六元体系)中杂卤石的形成条件不仅有助于理解海相蒸发盐成因,对开发杂卤石钾资源利用技术也具有重要的指导作用。但杂卤石以及其他含有硫酸钙矿物(如二水石膏、半水石膏、无水石膏、钾石膏、多钙钾石膏、钙芒硝和水钙芒硝)的相平衡,无论是在实验研究方面还是在热力学模拟方面都仍然存在很多争议。由于缺乏杂卤石在复杂水溶液体系中可靠的相平衡数据,使人们对认识杂卤石成因和利用杂卤石钾资源带来巨大障碍。本工作对海水体系中杂卤石的形成条件进行了热力学模拟和实验研究。超过一年的长时间固液平衡实验表明25 ℃下Na⁺,K⁺,Mg²⁺,Ca²⁺∥Cl^-,$SO_{4}^{2-}$-H₂O六元体系中杂卤石的形成区域极为可观,且较前人实验结果均大数倍;同时证实了热力学模型预测结果的可靠性。这些结果为讨论盐矿床中杂卤石的形成条件提供了物理化学依据。25 ℃下可靠的热力学信息表明:杂卤石与其他盐类矿物的共生情况丰富多样,并且与前人看法不同,杂卤石的形成并不需要极高的钾、镁浓度。这给以杂卤石为指示寻找可溶性固体钾盐带来了挑战,但却指示了以杂卤石为线索更容易找到钾、镁盐未饱和的富钾卤水。     

东胜气田致密砂岩气藏钻井储层保护研究及应用

东胜气田上古生界下石盒子组为致密砂岩储层,部分区域储层物性好,具备不压裂自然建产潜能,钻井过程中存在井壁失稳及储层损害问题,各因素叠合造成的储层伤害阻碍了气层的产能释放。为进一步提升储层自然建产能力和增加单井产量,在储层渗透率恢复率的基础上,通过储层伤害影响因素分析,引入钻井液侵入深度定量化评价方法,深化了储层伤害机理认识,明确了低密度、无土相、低失水和强封堵的钻井液对策,室内优选了防水锁剂和致密承压复合暂堵剂,优化形成了无土相复合暂堵高酸溶钻井液,储层渗透率恢复率提高至91.11%,泥浆侵入深度降低46.28%。形成的钻井液在锦66井区推广应用,平均单井产量提升11%,并实现3口井自然建产,进一步提高东胜气田致密砂岩储层高效勘探开发的效果。     

江南造山带西段桂北四堡地区830 Ma辉长岩锆石SIMS U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学特征及其岩石成因研究

本次研究对象为江南造山带西段桂北四堡地区新元古代辉长岩,主要由斜长石和单斜辉石组成,含有少量的橄榄石和钛铁氧化物,表明在岩浆演化过程中发生了斜长石和单斜辉石以及少量橄榄石的分离结晶作用。辉长岩锆石SIMS U-Pb谐和年龄为(830±7)Ma,指示其侵位年龄约为830 Ma。全岩具有低SiO₂含量(48.46%~53.99%)、高MgO含量(9.27%~25.22%)、Mg^#值较高(62~79)的特征。辉长岩为钙碱性系列岩石,其稀土元素球粒陨石标准化和微量元素原始地幔标准化与典型的弧岩浆相似,具有相对富集轻稀土元素((La/Yb)_N=2.2~3.7,(La/Sm)_N=2.5~2.9)和大离子亲石元素,明显的高场强元素(Nb、Ta和Ti)亏损的特征,还具有较高的Th/Nb比值(0.7~0.8)和低Nb/La比值(0.4~0.6)。辉长岩具有负的ε_Nd(t)值(-6.3~-3.0)和正的ε_Hf(t)值(8.0~12.1),指示其源区为亏损地幔,但有富集组分加入。结合区域地质特征,推测辉长岩形成于活动大陆边缘俯冲构造背景,起源于受沉积物流体交代了的楔地幔。     

不同岩性火山岩孔隙度压力敏感性及其影响因素：以长岭断陷火山岩为例

为了解不同岩性火山岩孔隙度的压力敏感性,笔者选取长岭断陷安山岩、角砾凝灰岩和凝灰岩的代表性岩样,分别进行3.4、8.3、13.1、17.9、22.8、27.6、32.4、37.2 MPa多个覆压条件下的气体法孔隙度测量。结果表明,随着压力的增大,3种岩性岩样的孔隙度呈不同幅度的减小,幅度减小程度由大到小的岩性依次为凝灰岩、角砾凝灰岩、安山岩;说明凝灰岩的孔隙压力敏感性较强、角砾凝灰岩的孔隙压力敏感性居中、安山岩的孔隙压力敏感性最弱。经X射线衍射全岩分析、偏光显微镜下岩石薄片鉴定、高压压汞仪实验和基于CPMG脉冲序列的核磁共振实验分析显示,岩石组份、颗粒分选、孔径分布是影响孔隙压力敏感性的关键因素;塑性矿物体积分数越大、颗粒越小、孔径越小,相应孔隙度的压力敏感性越强。     

Paleoproterozoic emplacement and Cambrian ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism of a layered magmatic intrusion from the Central Madurai Block,southern India: From Columbia to Gondwana

The Madurai Block in the Southern Granulite Terrane(SGT)of Peninsular India is one of the largest crustal blocks within the Neoproterozoic Gondwana assembly.This block is composed of three sub-blocks:the Neoarchean Northern Madurai block,Paleoproterozoic Central Madurai block and the dominantly Neoproterozoic Southern Madurai Block.The margins of these blocks are well-known for the occurrence of ultrahigh-temperature(UHT)granulite facies rocks mostly represented by Mg-Al metasediments.Here we report a dismembered layered mafic–ultramafic intrusion occurring in association with Mg-Al granulites from the classic locality of Ganguvarpatti in the Central Madurai Block.The major rock types of the layered intrusion include spinel orthopyroxenite,garnet-bearing gabbro,gabbro and gabbroic anorthosite showing rhythmic stratification and cumulate texture.The orthopyroxene-cordierite granulite from the associated Mg-Al layer is composed of spinel,cordierite and orthopyroxene.The pyroxene in both rock units is high-Al orthopyroxene formed under UHT metamorphic conditions.Conventional thermobarometry yields near-peak metamorphic conditions of 9.5–10 kbar pressure and a minimum temperature of 980℃.We computed P–T pseudosections and contoured for the compositional as well as modal isopleths of the major mineral phases,which yield temperature above 1000℃.FMAS petrogenetic grid,Al-in-orthopyroxene isopleth,conventional thermobarometry and calculated pseudosection reveal a clockwise pressure–temperature(P–T)path and near isothermal decompression.The U–Pb data on zircon grains from the layered magmatic suite indicate emplacement of the protolith at ca.2.0 Ga and the metamorphic overgrowths yield weighted ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U mean ages ca.520 Ma.Monazite from the garnet-bearing gabbro and Opx-Crd granulite yielded ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U weighted mean ages of ca.532 Ma and 523 Ma marking the timing of metamorphism.We correlate the layered intrusion to a Paleoproterozoic suprasubduction zone setting,defining the Ganguvarpatti area as part of a collisional suture assembling the Northern and Central Madurai Blocks.The Paleoproterozoic magmatism and late Neoproterozoic-Cambrian UHT metamorphism can be linked to the tectonics of the Columbia and Gondwana supercontinents.     

Petrological evolution of the Middle Triassic Predazzo Intrusive Complex,Italian Alps

The Predazzo Intrusive Complex (PIC), a Ladinian plutonic body located in the Southern Alps (NE Italy), is made up of a 4.5 km³ gabbroic to syenitic and syenogranitic intrusion, basaltic to latitic volcanic products (about 6 km³ in volume) and by an extended dike swarm intruding both intrusive and volcanic rocks. An extensive field survey of the complex, followed by detailed petrographic and geochemical analyses, allowed the identification of three different magmatic units: a Shoshonitic Silica Saturated Unit (SS), 3.1 km³ in volume, a Shoshonitic Silica Undersaturated Unit (SU), 0.3 km³ in volume, and a Granitic Unit (GU), 1.1 km³ in volume. K-affinity, marked Nb and Ti negative anomalies and a strong Pb enrichment are distinctive markers for all PIC lithotypes. A general HFSE (Th, U, Pb), LREE (La, Ce, Pr, Nd) and Na enrichment characterizes the SU suite with respect to the SS series. Mass balance calculations, based on major and trace element whole rock and mineral compositions, have been used to simulate the fractionation process of SS and SU suites, showing (i) the complexity of the evolutionary stages of the PIC and (ii) the analogy between the calculated subtracted solid assemblages and the natural cumulitic lithotypes outcropping in the area. The field relationships between the various portions of the intrusive complex, the volcanic products and the dike swarm define the temporal evolution of the PIC, in which the SS magma batch was followed by the GU and later on by the SU intrusion. The presence, in both eastern and western portions of the complex, of a transitional magmatic contact between the intrusive rocks of the SS suite and the volcanics is not in favour of the hypothesis of a caldera collapse to explain the ring-like shape of the PIC.     

河南省崤山东部老里湾岩体年代学、地球化学及岩石成因

近年在河南省洛宁县的崤山东部浅覆盖区发现了老里湾大型银铅锌矿床,该矿床与矿区内的老里湾岩体有密切的成因联系。为了查明老里湾岩体的形成时代、源区组成及岩石成因,对其开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学和锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析。老里湾岩体4件花岗斑岩样品的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值分别为(133±1)Ma(MSWD=0.58)、(133±1)Ma(MSWD=1.20)、(134±1)Ma(MSWD=1.16)和(137±1)Ma(MSWD=0.45),表明老里湾岩体形成于早白垩世。岩体的主要岩石类型为花岗斑岩,岩石具有高的w(SiO_2)(70.48%~72.75%)和w(K_2O)(5.90%~7.01%),非常高的K_2O/Na_2O比值(7.68~12.89)和较高的A/CNK值(0.97~1.25,平均1.11),属于高钾钙碱性系列。老里湾岩体的稀土元素总量介于231×10~(-6)~278×10~(-6),轻、重稀土元素分馏强烈,其(La/Yb)N值介于26.7~36.5之间,岩石具有中等到弱的负铕异常(Eu/Eu*值介于0.59~0.78,平均0.68)。老里湾岩体富集Rb、Ba、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,强烈亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、P、Ti等高场强元素。老里湾岩体锆石的εHf(t)介于-43.0~-5.1(平均-20.0),Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄为1.52~3.85 Ga(平均2.45Ga)。老里湾岩体的源区主要为中-新太古代和古元古代的地壳物质,并有少量的古太古代和始太古代地壳物质,岩浆形成过程中发生了较为强烈的壳幔相互作用,古老地壳物质部分熔融形成的岩浆与底侵的玄武质岩浆混合是老里湾早白垩世花岗斑岩形成的主要机制。     

元素分析在古海水原始信息保存性研究中的应用

基于古生代海相碳酸盐岩经历了沉积、埋藏、成岩等过程,是否仍然保存了原始古海水的地球化学信息这一长期争论和未解决问题开展了研究与探讨。通过常量元素分析、微量元素和稀土元素分析等手段,对古生代海相碳酸盐岩和钙质泥页岩的ΣREE值、Y/Ho值、Er/Nd值、Mn/Sr值,以及δEu和REE与δCe的相关性等进行了进一步分析研究。结果表明,该地区碳酸盐岩和钙质泥页岩受陆源物质影响较小、成岩蚀变较弱,较好地保存了该时期古海水的原始信息。这为进一步多角度多方法进行不同时期古海水原始信息保存性的综合性研究提供了可靠基础和新的参考。     

Geology and field relations of the Wilsons Promontory batholith,Victoria: multiple,shallow-dipping,S-type,granitic sheets

The 1200 km², Early Devonian (395 Ma) Wilsons Promontory batholith is a post-tectonic, high-level, composite body of S-type granites exposed on Wilsons Promontory and its offshore islands. Four plutons and six members are mapped and described. The rocks commonly contain magmatic garnet and cordierite, in addition to biotite, and biotite–quartz pseudomorphs after orthopyroxene. Planar fabrics abound in the batholith, which is characterised by emplacement of shallow-dipping granitic sheets, on a variety of scales. Particle size and density separation occurred during magma flow, and produced a wide variety of structures including layering, pipes and whorls rich in mafic minerals, K-feldspar phenocryst alignments and a notable swarm of enclaves. Local filter pressing may have played a role in the production of accumulations of K-feldspar crystals and the formation of late, tourmaline-bearing leucogranites and quartz veins. Batholith zonation and the distribution of component plutons are inferred to have been formed through sequential intrusion of separate magma batches rather than in situ differentiation. Overall, the batholith appears to consist of saucer-shaped plutons, and it is tilted gently to the east.     

应用电子探针技术研究北京密云放马峪铬铁矿床成因——来自含铬尖晶石矿物化学的证据

似层状铬铁矿床长期以来被认为是岩浆分异成因,但近年来有学者提出其中个别产在蛇绿岩中。本文选择北京放马峪似层状铬铁矿床中纯橄岩、辉橄岩和辉石岩中不同类型的含铬尖晶石进行了电子探针分析。研究表明,岩浆早期的纯橄岩和辉橄岩中的铬尖晶石富铬(Cr2O3平均43.32%),而岩浆晚期辉石的结晶消耗了大量Cr3+,由于氧逸度的升高,在辉石岩的单斜辉石中出溶贫铬的铬磁铁矿(Cr2O3平均10.32%)和富铝尖晶石(Cr2O3平均15.77%)。与世界上不同类型铬尖晶石的矿物化学特征进行对比,可以认为放马峪铬铁矿床是产在阿拉斯加型岩体中的早期岩浆矿床,而与蛇绿岩无关。本文对放马峪铬铁矿床成因和成矿专属性的限定,为这类镁铁-超镁铁岩体的铬、铜镍、铂族元素的找矿勘查提供了依据。