松软低透气性煤层跟管钻进及压裂抽采技术研究分析

针对我国松软低透气性煤层瓦斯抽采难题,提出了采用跟管钻进和水力压裂技术提高松软煤层钻孔深度和煤层透气性,通过布孔设计、应力分析论证了该方法的施工可行性,讨论了该方法的施工步骤。该技术有望成为解决松软低透气性煤层瓦斯抽采难题的新工艺方法。     

内蒙古大青山晚古生代煤系中火山事件层的物质来源及地层意义

在内蒙古大青山晚古生代煤系地层中发现了９层以上火山事件层，主要由凝灰熔岩、火山角砾岩、熔结凝灰岩、凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩及各种凝灰质沉积岩组成。通过剖面层序分析和岩石学、岩石化学、稀土元素和同位素比值研究，可将本区火山事件层划分为９个喷发旋回；根据火山事件层的分布，本区煤层可与山西大同同时代的煤层相对比；这一研究结果为大区域煤层对比提供了重要的科学依据。根据本区的研究工作并与内蒙海槽火山活动资料相对照，本区火山碎屑物质来自内蒙海槽钙碱性岛弧型火山活动的观点得到证实，也为华北板块与古亚洲洋板块之间的封闭机理，提供了新的资料。     

薄互煤层中透射槽波探测断层的正演模拟

为了研究西南地区矿井薄互煤层中透射槽波探测断层的可行性,选择具有代表性的攀枝花煤业集团某矿为研究对象,根据实际地质资料建立不含夹矸、含3层夹矸、含3层夹矸和断层的3个薄互煤层的地质模型,通过三维弹性波正演模拟分析槽波的波场特征和频散特征,总结振幅衰减系数成像在薄互煤层中槽波探测断层发育位置及延展方向的有效性;并结合实际应用,探讨了透射槽波在薄互煤层中的传播速度及频散特征,以及断层、夹矸对槽波传播的影响。结果表明：薄互煤层中透射槽波探测,断层在影响薄互煤层槽波传播中占主导作用;0.5 m以下夹矸对槽波的发育和能量成像影响不大;在煤厚相同的情况下,含夹矸层状模型相比不含夹矸层状模型的槽波主频低,槽波对煤厚2 m、夹矸厚度0.5 m以下的薄互煤层能够进行比较准确的探测。透射槽波可在薄互煤层中探测断距大于1/2煤厚的断层位置、走向及延展长度,可为西南地区薄互煤层中构造探查提供参考。     

东滩煤矿奥灰放水试验数值模拟

奥灰水是东滩矿下组煤安全开采的主要水害威胁和重点防治对象。东滩矿下组煤底板奥灰水压高达7.20~11.46 MPa,在不考虑底板受采动破坏影响下,奥灰对17煤的突水系数为0.077~0.158 MPa/m,最小值亦接近现有规程标准上限值(0.10 MPa/m)。为了查清奥灰含水层水文地质条件进而制定合理的奥灰水防治措施,基于矿井的水文地质条件及奥灰放水试验,建立了适合本矿井的水文地质模型,并利用地下水模拟软件Visual Modflow,计算了奥灰含水层水文地质参数。通过验证,该水文地质模型能够客观的反映奥灰天然流场,为今后预测矿井涌水量、奥灰疏降水量提供了依据。     

测井曲线在含煤岩系的划分及对比中的应用——以贵州省盘县北部某井田为例

依据视电阻率、伽马—伽马、自然伽马和自然电位等测井曲线在不同岩性地层的响应特征,结合钻探成果和煤样化验资料,对贵州省盘县北部某井田含煤岩系进行综合对比。通过对多个钻孔测井资料分析,归纳出该区识别不同煤岩层的测井曲线特征及组合类型,确定了该区煤岩层对比的标志层位,据此对该区T1f/P3l地质界线进行了圈定,以及煤岩层对比与断层解释。     

岩体稳定性的极限分析方法——刚体-弹塑性夹层模型

本文提出一种适用于块状岩体结构的计算模型——刚体-弹塑性夹层模型,它根据岩体的实际结构将岩体离散成刚性元(岩块)和弹塑性夹层(软弱结构面)。本文还在此基础上提出了用有限元定量评价岩体稳定性的另外一种方法——极限分析法,给出了衡量岩体稳定性的相应指标——极限乘子。     

淮北芦岭煤矿地面瓦斯钻井抽排分析

为了安全生产,矿井或采掘工作面瓦斯涌出量较大、采用通风方法解决瓦斯问题不合理时,应抽放瓦斯。瓦斯的抽放方法多种多样,具体采用哪一种方法或几种方法,应该具体问题具体分析。本文分析了芦岭煤矿Ⅱ1048工作面地面瓦斯抽放钻孔的抽排情况,得出如下结论:对于透气率极低的煤层,施工井下钻孔或地面压裂钻孔抽放效果往往不理想;首先开采适当的保护层,并有在开采之前施工地面钻孔抽放瓦斯是行之有效的。这种方法对于其它类似矿区,具有借鉴意义。     

孙疃煤矿含煤地层沉积环境对主采煤层的影响

孙疃煤矿正处于开发阶段,7z、8z和10煤层为孙疃煤矿的主采煤层,分析沉积环境对煤层的控制作用,研究主采煤层厚度的平面分布及变化规律,对煤矿今后的开发有重要的意义。     

Coal seam development characteristics and distribution predictions in marginal sea basins: Oligocene Yacheng Formation coal measures,Qiongdongnan Basin,northern region of the South China Sea

Abstract

Coal measures located in marginal sea basins are important hydrocarbon source rocks. For the purpose of effectively guiding future oil and gas exploration, the characteristics and distribution patterns of coal seams in coal measures of a marginal sea basin are systematically outlined. Coal measures in marginal sea basins can have large thicknesses, but the individual coal seams can be very thin and lack lateral continuity. In the study area, the organic micro-components of the coal are dominated by vitrinite, with very low amounts of inertinite and liptinite. The amount of inorganic microscopic components is large, but with limited drilling results, few cores and thin coal seams, which are easily overlooked during logging activities, a comprehensive analysis of the logging data may improve efficiency in coal-seam identification and thickness determination. The development and distribution of coal seams in marginal sea basins are controlled by various factors, including (1) paleoclimatic and paleobotanic conditions, which could fundamentally limit coal formation, (2) coal-forming sedimentary environmental conditions that may limit the scope of coal-seam development from a macroscopic perspective, and (3) paleotectonic and paleotopographic conditions that define the coal-forming structures. Therefore, the descending and rising cycles of base-levels, along with changes in the growth rates of the accommodation spaces, can be used to determine the horizons that are potentially favourable for coal formation and can also indicate the migration trends of coal-forming environments on the structural plane. Seismic wave impedance inversion methods could be utilised for semi-quantitative assistance for prediction of coal seams. In summary, for models of coal-seam development in marginal sea basins, the grades should be divided according to reliability, and the different reliability levels should be predicted separately.

1. The characteristics of coal seams developed in marginal sea basins are described.

2. The macerals of coals developed in marginal sea basins have been ascertained.

3. A development model and distribution prediction method for coal seams are assessed according to the control factors.

4. A model for the prediction of coal-seam distribution is presented.

     

多波多分量地震合成记录上的煤层特征指示研究

利用有限差分法弹性波场数值模拟技术，对水平产状、断块分布与尖灭煤层体地质环境下的井中激发与接收的多波多分量地震记录进行数值模拟，探讨了水平产状、断块分布与煤层尖灭情形下三分量地震记录上的波场特征。研究表明，水平产状煤层中槽波最为发育，断块分布煤层中次之，而尖灭煤层中在尖灭端处接收时很难分辨出槽波特征，但在尖端处激发时可以在跨孔观测记录上分辨出颇为发育的槽波。在地面记录上波的运动学与动力学特征也存在一定程度的差异。作者认为多波多分量地震记录的跨孔激发与观测对于煤层存在性及其分布规律研究具有重要意义