某码头软黏土岸坡破坏机制分析及重建

在某吹填软黏土岸坡上修建码头时发生了较大规模的滑坡,待滑体稳定后采取了一系列的工程措施,实现了码头的重建。详细阐述了岸坡发生滑动的全过程,通过现场勘察和有限元模拟分析了岸坡发生滑动破坏的原因。分别考虑了打桩与交通荷载作用,导致地基土中产生超静孔压,从而对岸坡的稳定性造成影响。分析结果表明,岸坡发生失稳破坏是多种不利工况叠加的结果,其主要原因是在低潮位时的超挖引起的,打桩及交通荷载作用也是造成滑坡的不利因素。在破坏的岸坡上重建码头,采用了振动砂桩加固地基,同时在地表铺碎石垫层作为预压荷载,加速地基土的固结。有限元分析和码头的成功重建表明,使用砂桩加固地基可以同时达到提高地基承载力和加速土体排水固结的目的,对于码头的重建是有效的技术措施。     

饱和黄土孔压增长模式与液化机理试验研究

通过室内饱和原状黄土液化试验研究，探讨了孔压增长规律，并从微观结构角度研究了黄土液化机理。研究结果表明：未湿陷饱和黄土结构是一种介稳结构，在地震作用下，介稳结构遭到破坏，塌发和剪缩共同作用造成黄土较大的收缩体积应变并引起孔隙水压力迅速上升。提出的修正A型曲线方程可以用来拟合孔压曲线，拟合参数β隐含了动应力的大小对孔压增长的贡献，而体应变v则反映了湿陷分量对孔压的影响，两者不同组合决定曲线形态丰满程度。液体机理较为合理地解释了塔吉克和海原黄土在近乎平坦的缓坡上形成的泥流。     

高压喷射注浆技术在白龟山水库顺河坝防渗墙围井试验中的应用

本次围井高喷试验,选用三重管摆喷法处理方案,施工采用两序施工方法.砼墙体连续均匀,孔与孔之间连接较好,其防渗、强度、厚度均能满足设计要求.     

基岩水与平原水转换关系的地球物理勘查技术探讨

基岩水与平原水转化关系的研究是搞清地表水与地下水转化途径、方式及流量进而进行水资源评价的一个重要内容.本文以河西走廊地区为例,分析了地球物理勘查技术对解决上述问题的可能性,同时结合该地区地质地貌特点,选用了EH-4电导率成像系统、自然电位法技术组合进行了实例勘查,取得了较好的效果,为前人的假说提供了科学依据,也为该内容的研究提供有效的手段.     

深源地震机理的新认识──反向裂隙断层作用

高温高压实验究表明，地幔矿物相交与深源地震有着密切的关系。在具有放热效应的橄榄石一尖晶石相变过程中形成的反向裂隙（ａｎｔｉｃｒａｃｈ）是诱发深源地震的主要原因；而发生在下地幔的相变作用（例如钛铁矿－钙钛矿相变）因其具有吸热效应的特征，不形成反向裂隙，从而导致深源地震终止于下地幔顶界。     

数据分析法确定嶂山闸闸基渗透压力

闸基渗透压力是影响水闸闸室稳定的关键性因素。当水闸同时受到上下游水位差、基底承压水头、粘性土地基扬压力滞后等多重因素作用时 ,闸基渗透压力的估算就变得比较困难。通过对嶂山闸闸基历年实测渗透压力数据进行统计分析 ,初步揭示其基底渗透压力的变化规律 ,为该闸闸室稳定性分析提供依据。     

An experimental study of effect of pre‐existing fabric on deformation of foliated mylonite at high temperature and pressure

We performed deformation experiments on a foliated mylonite under high temperature and pressure conditions in this study. To investigate the effect of pre‐existing fabric on the rheology of rocks, our samples were drilled from natural mylonite with the cylinder axis parallel to the foliation (PAR) and perpendicular to the foliation (PER). We performed 25 tests on seven PAR samples and 21 tests on seven PER samples at temperatures ranging from 600 to 890 °C, confining pressures ranging from 800 to 1400 MPa, and steady‐state strain rates of 1 × 10⁻⁴, 1 × 10⁻⁵ and 2.5 × 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹. In the temperatures of 600–700 °C, the deformation is accommodated by semi‐brittle flow, with the average stress exponent being 6–7 assuming power law flow; in the temperature range of 800–890 °C, deformation is mainly by plastic flow, with an average stress exponent of n = 3 and activation energies of Q = 354 ± 52 kJ/mol (PER and PAR samples). The experimental results show that the strengths of PER samples are higher than those of PAR samples. Deformation microstructures have been studied by optical and electron microscopy. The original foliation of PER samples is destroyed by deformation and replaced by a new foliation, but the deformation of PAR samples followed the original foliation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements show a strong lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of the quartz c axis fabrics of the starting samples and deformed PER and PAR samples. However, the c axis fabric of quartz in experimentally deformed PER and PAR samples varied with temperature and strain rate is different from that seen in the starting mylonite sample. The initial quartz c axis fabric of the starting mylonite sample has been transformed into a new fabric during experimental deformation. Dehydration melting of biotite and hornblende occurred in both PER and PAR samples at temperatures of 800–890 °C. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Wave interaction with a submarine pipeline in clayey soil due to random waves

The wave pressure and uplift force due to random waves on a submarine pipeline (resting on bed, partially buried and fully buried) in clayey soil are measured. The influence of various parameters viz., wave period, wave height, water depth, burial depth and consistency index of the soil on wave pressures around and uplift force on the submarine pipeline was investigated. The wave pressures were measured at three locations around the submarine pipeline (each at 120° to the adjacent one). It is found that the wave pressure and uplift force spectrum at high consistency index of the soil is smaller compared to that of low consistency index. Just burying the pipeline (e/D=1.0) in clayey soil reduces the uplift force to less than 60% of the force experienced by a pipeline resting on the seabed (e/D=0.0) for I_c=0.33.     

Environmental limitations on recruitment from seed in invasive Spartina densiflora on a southern European salt marsh

The South American cordgrass, Spartina densiflora, has invaded a range of different habitats that can support different native species assemblages on salt marshes in the Gulf of Cadiz, Spain. Little is known about the mechanisms of invasion. We examined the potential for seed germination and recruitment in a field transplant experiment, representing a wide range of environments, on elevational gradients across marshes with muddy and sandy sediments. The biotic resistance of native, perennial vegetation (where present) to recruitment of the alien was also investigated. Spartina densiflora seeds were able to germinate over a greater than 2-m range of elevation in the tidal frame. Germination success on unvegetated muddy sediments was related to sediment redox potential, with poor germination at strongly negative redox potentials on the lower sites. On sandy, well-drained sediments, germination was apparently constrained by water availability at the highest elevations. Comparison of vegetated and cleared plots on the upper marsh showed that there was a negative relationship between the presence of Atriplex portulacoides and germination on the muddy sediments. Recruitment (survival of seedlings for 12 weeks) was seen only on unvegetated muddy sediments at the highest elevation. Hence the invasive success and wide elevational tolerance of S. densiflora on the marshes of the Gulf of Cadiz are not reflected in its short-term ability to become established from its prolific seed production. Colonization of sub-optimal habitats may be largely by vegetative propagules and clonal growth.     

Numerical Simulation of Large Diameter Cylindrical Structure Slamming

The water entry of large diameter cylindrical structure is studied by applying numerical simulation method. The processes of different diameter cyhndrical structures impacting water with various constant velocities are calculated numerically. Thereafter, analyzed are the distribution of slamming pressure on structure during slamming course and the influence of slamming velocity and cylindrical diameter on slamming process. Furthermore, presented herein is an equation being used to forecast the peak slamming force on a large diameter cylindrical structure.