耐高温高压复合保温管研究

耐高温高压复合保温管主要解决超高温高压环境下钻孔测量问题。为攻克超高温高压环境下真空绝热保温、高压密封等关键技术,研究的耐高温高压复合保温管为“超高温钻孔测量仪”提供一种耐高温承压管,使用环境温度可达270 ℃,压力120 MPa。通过室内测试与现场应用,说明其满足超高温高压要求,可应用于高温地热能钻探工程、干热岩钻探工程、科学钻探工程、深部矿产资源勘探和深部油气资源勘探等工程中,为超高温大深度钻井测量提供技术支撑。     

南极海豹类生态学

描述了南极海豹的种类组成、资源量和种类状况等一般性生态学问题,着重讲述了这些海豹在研究全球变化中所起的作用等科学前沿问题;同时,就海豹研究在各国际组织中的地位阐述了意见。     

逆掩断层垂向封闭性定量模拟实验及评价方法

在正确分析逆掩断层形成的地质条件和封闭机理的基础上,本文认为与逆掩断层相伴生的塑性岩石的变形特征、断面压力和断裂带中泥质含量是影响断层垂向封闭性的主要因素。进行了断裂带填充物中泥质含量与断层封闭性定量关系物理模拟实验,并分析了岩石变形特征对断层封闭性的影响,建立了断层封闭性评价标准,提出了利用断裂带填充物质的性质、断面压力和膏泥岩变形特征评价断层封闭性方法。选择了库车坳陷克拉 3号构造进行了实例分析,结果表明该方法具有可靠性     

Theoretical aspects of cap-rock and fault seals for single- and two-phase hydrocarbon columns

Cap-rock seals can be divided genetically into those that fail by capillary leakage (membrane seals) and those whose capillary entry pressures are so high that seal failure preferentially occurs by fracturing and/or wedging open of faults (hydraulic seals). A given membrane seal can trap a larger oil column than gas column at shallow depths, but below a critical depth (interval), gas is more easily sealed than oil. This critical depth increases with lower API gravity, lower oil GOR and overpressured conditions (for the gas phase). These observations arise from a series of modelling studies of membrane sealing and can be conveniently represented using pressure/ depth (P/D) profiles through sealed hydrocarbon columns. P/D diagrams have been applied to the more complex situation of the membrane sealing of a gas cap underlain by an oil rim; at seal capacity, such a two-phase column will be always greater than if only oil or gas occurs below the seal.These conclusions contrast with those for hydraulic seals where the seal capacity to oil always exceeds that for gas. Moreover, a trapped two-phase column, at hydraulic seal capacity will be less than the maximum-allowed oil-only column, but more than the maximum gas-only column. Unlike membrane seals, hydraulic seal capacity should be directly related to cap-rock thickness, in addition to the magnitude of the minimum effective stress in the sealing layer and the degree of overpressure development in the sequence as a whole.Fault-related seals are effectively analogous to membrane cap-rocks which have been tilted to the angle of the fault plane. Consequently, all of the above conclusions derived for membrane cap-rocks apply to both sealing faults sensu stricto (fault plane itself seals) and juxtaposition faults (hydrocarbon trapped laterally against a juxtaposed sealing unit). The maximum-allowed two-phase column trapped by a sealing fault is greater than for equivalent oil-only and gas-only columns, but less than that predicted for a horizontal membrane cap-rock under similar conditions. Where a two-phase column is present on both sides of a sealing fault (which is at two-phase seal capacity), a deeper oil/water contact (OWC) in one fault block is associated with a deeper gas/oil contact (GOC) compared with the adjacent fault block. If the fault seal is discontinuous in the gas leg, however, the deeper OWC is accompanied by a shallower GOC, whereas a break in the fault seal in the oil leg results in a common OWC in both fault blocks, even though separate GOC's exist. Schematic P/D profiles are provided for each of the above situations from which a series of fundamental equations governing single- and two-phase cap-rock and fault seal capacities can be derived. These relationships may have significant implications for exploration prospect appraisal exercises where more meaningful estimates of differential seal capacities can be made.The membrane sealing theory developed herein assumes that all reservoirs and seals are water-wet and no hydrodynamic flow exists. The conclusions on membrane seal capacity place constraints on the migration efficiency of gas along low-permeabiligy paths at depth where fracturing, wedging open of faults and/or diffusion process may be more important. Contrary to previous assertions, it is speculated that leakage of hydrocarbons through membrane seals occurs in distinct pulses such that the seal is at or near the theoretically calculated seal capacity, once this has been initially attained.Finally, the developed seal theory and P/D profile concepts are applied to a series of development geological problems including the effects of differential depletion, and degree of aquifer support, on sealing fault leakage, and the evaluation of barriers to vertical cross-flow using RFT profiles through depleted reservoirs. It is shown that imbibition processes and dynamic effects related to active cross-flow across such barriers often preclude quantitative analysis and solution of these problems for which simulation studies are usually required.     

中国石油战略选区重点目标油气地质条件分析及勘探建议

首先,分析了中国石油天然气股份有限公司优选出的3个战略选区重点目标,即河套盆地、塔里木东南坳陷和羌塘盆地的油气资源条件,认为这3个目标都具有资源量大、资源丰度较高的特点,具有开展战略选区的油气资源基础。其次,论述了3个目标的储盖组合和油气显示情况,指出每个地区虽然具有不同的特点,但都具有基本的油气成藏条件和较好的勘探前景。最后,在分析3个目标存在的主要问题的基础上,提出了相应的勘探工作建议。     

油气运移基础理论与油气勘探

在非均质地层中, 烃类的扩散流和体积流可以同时存在并可相互转换.扩散流有助于烃类从源岩中排出, 并通过流动方式的转变直接参与油气的聚集成藏.在致密泥岩层中, 扩散流和体积流的计算流速分别为4~18 m/Ma和3~15 m/Ma, 几乎没有差别, 说明泥岩中的流动也可以用达西公式来表述.虽然油气的浮力流和渗流都是地下多孔介质中的流动, 但油气在水中上浮不呈连续相流动.因此不要求也不能用达西公式表述临界运移饱和度和相对渗透率.优势运移通道和有效运移空间是2个不同的概念, 前者是指油气运移的主要方向, 后者是指地层中真正发生了油气运移的空间.大约有70%的油气藏位于优势运移通道上, 而在运载层中有效运移通道空间约占总孔隙空间的5%~10%.圈闭的封盖强度与闭合度有3种不同的组合类型, 它们是世界上油气分布的主控因素.根据研究和统计, 世界石油储量的半衰期约为29 Ma, 大油田的中值年龄约为35 Ma.根据烃类的微渗漏流量计算, 中-大型油气藏的平均自然年龄约为50~100 Ma.      

封存箱与油气成藏作用

自然界的任何一种作用都是在一定的物质结构中发生的 ,油气成藏作用在相当多的情况下是与封存箱结构有非常密切关系的。封存箱这种地质结构在沉积盆地中 ,尤其是盆地的深部相当广泛地存在。它不仅是流体的分隔体 ,而且也分隔着不同的能量区。具有异常压力的封存箱比较容易认同 ,实际上正常压力的封存箱也是其重要的类型。自源式封存箱及靠近其顶板封隔层箱外的勘探目标常常是大、中型油气藏形成和分布的主要结构类型 ,在其箱内和临近其顶板封隔层的箱外是油气的有利富集地带。把封存箱的研究作为油气勘探决策程序的一个环节 ,找到大、中型的油气藏的几率将会大大地提高。塔里木盆地已经发现了各种类型的封存箱和在封存箱不同部位的大中型油气藏 ,它们构成了比较完整的封存箱系列和油气成藏模式。