渤海湾西岸BQ1孔揭示的沉积环境与海面波动

渤海湾西岸BQ1孔位于歧口凹陷区内,孔深95.6 m,揭露了晚更新世以来比较连续的沉积.通过对109个样品鉴定和环境分析,共分辨出Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三个海相层及其内部的海面波动.每个海相层内均有前后2次海侵高峰和中间的海退.在全新世海侵层中共区分出9次海面波动,分辨率达500～800a级;第Ⅲ海相层存在5次海面波动,与深海O同位素的5a、5c、5e分期的峰值大体对应.在海相层中,海陆过渡相层位占较大比例,其中的石膏结晶和黄铁矿晶簇是该相的重要指相矿物.所见的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ海相层皆为平均海平面下数米的浅海沉积.     

Timing and duration of the Last Interglacial: evidence for a restricted interval of widespread coral reef growth

We report new mass spectrometric U-series ages for eight Last Interglacial fossil reefs along the continental margin of Western Australia. Corals were selected in growth position from localities that are characterized by apparently low levels of diagenesis and relative tectonic stability so that the fossil reefs provide critical information on Last Interglacial sea-levels without requiring corrections for tectonic movements. In addition, we have improved the constraint on the timing of onset of reef growth by recovering drill core coral from the base of the reefs. Uranium and thorium isotopes were measured with high levels of precision, leading to improvements in age resolution and allowing samples which have undergone diagenetic exchange of uranium and thorium to be more easily identified and discarded. These data supplement our previous results for Rottnest Island and Leander Point, leading to more than seventy mass spectrometric U-series ages from which constraints can be placed on the timing, duration and character of the Last Interglacial sea-level highstand. Reliable ages show that reef growth started contemporaneously at 128 ± 1 ka along the entire Western Australian coastline, while relative sea-levels were at least 3 m above the present level. Because Western Australia is located far from the former Penultimate Glacial Maximum ice sheets and are not significantly effected by glacial unloading, these data constrain the timing of onset of the Last Interglacial period to 128 ± 1 ka, assuming reef growth started soon after sea-level approached interglacial levels. A unique regressive reef sequence at Mangrove Bay constrains the timing of termination of the Last Interglacial period to 116 ± 1 ka. The major episode of reef building, however, both globally and locally along the Western Australian coast, is restricted to a very narrow interval occurring from 128 ka and 121 ka, suggesting that global ocean surface temperatures were warm and/or sea-levels were stable enough to allow prolific reef growth only during the earlier part of the Last Interglacial.     

Pleistocene and Holocene aeolian facies along the Huelva coast (southern Spain): climatic and neotectonic implications

The stratigraphic relationships, genesis and chronology, including radiocarbon dating, of the Quaternary sandy deposits forming the El Asperillo cliffs (Huelva) were studied with special emphasis on the influence of neotectonic activity, sea-level changes and climate upon the evolution of the coastal zone. The E-W trending normal fault of Torre del Loro separates two tectonic blocks. The oldest deposits occur in the upthrown block. They are Early to Middle Pleistocene fluviatile deposits, probably Late Pleistocene shallow-marine deposits along an E-W trending shoreline, and Late Pleistocene and Holocene aeolian sands deposited under prevailing southerly winds. Three Pleistocene and Holocene aeolian units accumulated in the downthrown block. Of these, Unit 1, is separated from the overlying Unit 2 by a supersurface that represents the end of the Last Interglacial. Accumulation of Unit 2 took place during the Last Glacial under more arid conditions than Unit 1. The supersurface separating Units 2 and 3 was formed between the Last Glacial maximum at 18 000 ¹⁴C yr BP and ca. 14 000 ¹⁴C yr BP, the latter age corresponding to an acceleration of the rise of sea level. Unit 3 records wet conditions. The supersurface separating Units 3 and 4 fossilised the fault and the two fault blocks. Units 4 (deposited before the 4th millennium BC), 5 (> 2700 ¹⁴C yr BP to 16th century) and 6 (16th century to present) record relatively arid conditions. Prevailing wind directions changed with time from W (Units 2–4) to WSW (Unit 5) and SW (Unit 6).     

The Holocene development of Kushu Lake on Rebun Island in Hokkaido, Japan

Diatom assemblages and sulfur content in sediments were analyzed to clarify changes in the sedimentary environment of Kushu Lake, a coastal lake on Rebun Island in Hokkaido, Japan. Salinity variations were assessed by means of a diatom-based index of paleosalinity and the sedimentary sulfur content. This paper discusses the Holocene development of the lake, in relation to Holocene relative sea-level change. For paleoenvironmental interpretation of the lake development, the rationale of the threshold method (Anundsen et al., 1994) was applied.At ca. 8000 yr BP, a coastal embayment (paleo-Kushu Bay) resulted from marine ingression. The threshold elevation at the mouth of the paleo-Kushu Bay kept pace with the rising sea-level, resulting in its enclosure at the culmination of Holocene marine transgression (ca. 6500–5000 yr BP). From predicted relative sea-level at ca. 6000 yr BP for Rebun Island (Nakada et al., 1991), the threshold may have been at least above –3 to –5 m altitude. A freshwater lake environment with strongly anoxic bottom conditions may have occurred from ca. 5500 to 5100 yr BP. After an important episode of marine ingression, the lake was isolated completely from the open sea at ca. 4900 yr BP. The diatom record suggests that the maximum lacustrine extent occurred at ca. 4900–3100 yr BP. Thereafter, water depth decreased at the lake margins.In Kushu Lake, the threshold elevation, due to a build-up of a coastal barrier, prevents us from determining the amplitude of sea-level changes, even though the age of isolation contacts corresponds to periods of regression and climatic deterioration. In spite of isostatic subsidence, the effective protection provided by the well-developed barrier did not allow registration of any relative sea-level fluctuations since its isolation.     

华南沿海海平面的变化速率

应用回归分析和切比雪夫拟合二种方法，根据验潮资料研究了华南沿海海平面的变化速率，进而结合区域研究近２０年来华南海平面的变化特征，并讨论了将其用于地震趋势分析的可能性。     

Paleoceanographic changes at the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary in the Western Tethys, northeastern Mexico

Mexico is usually considered to have formed the western end of the Tethys during Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous times. The circumstances of the opening of the Gulf of Mexico Basin towards the Tethys and the exact stratigraphic timing, however, are not clear. Four sections covering this time interval, located in northeastern Mexico, have been measured and sampled in detail, in order to clarify their stratigraphic position during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous time interval and the paleogeographic and oceanographic changes that accompanied this opening. Our studies include microfacies, micro- and macropaleontology, whole rock and clay-mineral x-ray diffraction and stable isotopes analyses. Our data indicate that the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary, as defined by the Lyon-Neuchâtel Colloquium of 1973, cannot be determined precisely in northeastern Mexico due to the near-absence of calpionellids and endemism of ammonite taxa. In the lower and upper Berriasian sediments, we detected Mediterranean ammonite taxa so far unknown from Mexico, corresponding to the appearance of typical calpionellid-rich facies. These faunas allow direct biostratigraphic correlation with European ammonite and calpionellid zones.We propose that a major oceanographic change occurred in the upper part of calpionellid Zone B of the Early Berriasian. At this time, sediments in northeastern Mexico present increasingly pelagic facies, a dramatic appearance of Tethyan microfossils (calpionellids) and ammonites, changes in stable isotopic values, whole rock and clay-mineral mineralogy. We suggest that these changes are due to a global sea-level rise that connected directly northeastern Mexico to the European Tethys and ended the endemic, semi-restricted and anoxic environment of the Late Jurassic La Casita and equivalent La Caja and La Pimienta Formations.     

华北地台中寒武世米级旋回层序与复合海平面变化

笔者在对华北地区中寒武统鲱滩碳酸盐建造露头层序地层学研究工作中首次识别出层序中最基本的地层单元－米级旋回层序，它是露头层序分析最基本的工作单元。本文总结概括出不同体系域内米级旋回层类型和特征。这些米级旋回层序在垂向上叠加构成高级旋回层序时表现出时期性和规律性。这种不同级次的旋回层序的形成受不同动力成因引起折具不同周期和复合海平面变化的控制。     

华北南部晚古生代陆表海盆地层序地层格架与海平面变化

陆表海盆地与边缘盆地的区域地质条件具有根本性差异，其层序地层格架必不同。研究表明，华北晚古生代陆表海盆地平缓的地势难以形成大范围的侵蚀不整合，高频海平面变化和突发性的海侵事件是层序形成的主导因素，陆表海盆地含煤层序具有二元结构，即“海侵体系域－高水位体系域”的层序模式。     

珠江三角洲新石器考古文化与古地理环境

珠江三角洲新石器时期的贝丘和沙丘类文化属沿海渔业文化带，其产生和发展与全新的世海面及海陆变迁密切相关。贝丘和沙丘类古文化是随６０００ａＢＰ以前的海侵而产生的；其文化的发展和盛衰过程，在时间和空间上与珠江三角洲海陆环境演变序列都十分吻合。     

贵州扁平紫松晚期-罗甸期的相对海平面变化特征

根据贵州紫云扁平剖面沉积记录，分析了该区在二叠纪早期的相对海平面变化特征。研究表明，扁平地区在早二叠世紫松晚期－罗甸期存在6次连续的三级旋回海平面升降过程，其中，海平面上升速率最快的是第3次旋回；水体深度最大的是第4次旋回；海平面上升幅度最大的是第5次旋回。该时期的Ting类生物事件可能与这些特征有关。