赣北香炉山白钨矿床的同位素年代学研究及其地质意义

赣南钨矿闻名世界,但赣北—皖南也存在钨的矿集区,香炉山就是其中之一。该矿床属矽卡岩型层状白钨矿床,与赣南钨矿明显不同。本文通过对矿区内与成矿作用关系密切的花岗岩、白钨矿及其共生的石英矿物的年代学研究,分别获得黑云母花岗岩全岩RbSr等时线年龄为126.2±2.6Ma（95%可信度）、白钨矿SmNd等时线年龄和石英矿物RbSr等时线年龄为121±11Ma（95%可信度）和128±3Ma（95%可信度）。上述测定结果表明,其成矿时代与区内花岗岩岩浆侵位所发生的时间有明显的耦合关系,与区域上同时代形成的斑岩型锡矿（如岩背）及铌钽矿相似,均属燕山晚期岩浆活动的产物。     

湘西沃溪金锑钨矿床中白钨矿的稀土元素地球化学

对湘西沃溪金锑钨矿床进行了研究,结果表明,该矿床中自钨矿的稀土元素(REE)含量相对较高,为40.5～123.6 μg/g;且有明显的空间变化趋势,随矿区标高的增加而减少,这可能与流体运移过程中流体的REE浓度不断降低有关.不同产状的白钨矿均以轻稀土元素(LREE)亏损、中稀土元素(MREE)和重稀土元素(HREE)富集为特征;白钨矿样品的REE分布模式均存在着明显的M型四分组效应,暗示白钨矿的形成与流体作用或水/岩反应有关.进一步的研究表明,在沃溪白钨矿的沉淀过程中,成矿流体中的REE发生了明显分异,白钨矿对HREE,特别是MREE,具有明显的优先选择性;REE这种分配行为主要是受晶体化学因素的控制,与白钨矿晶体中Ca位置的大小密切相关,而与成矿流体中REE相对浓度、REE络合物的稳定性关系不大.     

激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱法对白钨矿中稀土元素的原位测定

白钨矿的稀土元素含量及标准化配分模式图可以作为判断矿床成因的重要依据,其原位分析更有利于在单个矿物层面剖析成矿流体演化等特征。本文采用配备193 nm ArF准分子激光器的GeoLasPro剥蚀系统(LA)和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对云南大坪金矿含金石英脉白钨矿中的稀土元素进行LA-ICP-MS原位分析。分析结果表明,选用玻璃标准参考物质NIST 610作为外标,Ca作为内标元素,可以对稀土元素进行较为精准的测量。阴极发光图显示,大坪金矿含金石英脉中的白钨矿晶体内部成分分布较为均匀,其稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线特征一致,为明显的中稀土富集型,稀土总量(ΣREEs)很高,介于918.00~2094.97 μg/g之间,δEu为1.17~1.95,有较明显的Eu正异常,无明显的Ce异常,但各元素含量在一定范围内有变动,体现出其稀土元素含量分布不完全均一的特征。首次对同一白钨矿样品的LA-ICP-MS原位分析和ICP-MS溶液分析结果进行对比研究,用实验数据论证了LA-ICP-MS原位分析方法的准确可靠性。事实证明,样品溶液ICP-MS分析所得的结果只能代表所溶样品的平均含量,而采用LA-ICP-MS可以在较高空间分辨率条件下(<40 μm)对白钨矿稀土元素进行快速、原位分析,这对稀土元素含量分布不均匀的白钨矿样品测试有着更为重要的意义。     

延边杨金沟大型钨矿床白钨矿的微量和稀土元素地球化学特征与矿床成因

为确定杨金沟大型钨矿的成矿物质来源,本文运用白钨矿单矿物的微量元素、稀土元素特征加以示踪。ICP-AES测定结果显示:白钨矿亏损Mo、B i、Sn、Nb、Ta等,具有很低的Rb/Sr、Nb/Ta和Zr/H f值,指示其成矿物质具有壳源特征,而并非主要来自深源岩浆的结晶分异作用;不同白钨矿样品的REE组成基本一致,Eu元素出现明显的正Eu异常(δEu 2.21~4.43),基本未见Ce元素异常(δCe为0.92~1.08),表明白钨矿与流体之间稀土元素发生了强烈分异;白钨矿与赋矿围岩的REE球粒陨石标准化配分曲线形态相似,进一步显示五道沟群浅变质岩对杨金沟钨矿成矿物质的贡献。综合分析认为,杨金沟钨矿的成矿流体为源自上地幔的富含CO2的中高温流体,沿构造上升并与五道沟群浅变质岩发生交代作用引起黑云母等含钾矿物分解产生N2,最终形成富含W等成矿物质的NaC l-H2O-CO2-N2流体体系。随着构造减压作用,CO2不断逸出,破坏了矿液内物理化学体系的平衡,导致WO42-与Ca2+在适当物理化学条件下形成白钨矿。     

云南香格里拉铜钼多金属矿工艺矿物学研究

香格里拉铜钼多金属矿石中主要的可利用成分为钼、铜,伴生有钨等成分。为在选冶利用中选择合理高效的可利用方法,工艺矿物学研究主要针对矿石中可利用成分和相关伴生成分开展了赋存状态研究,特别是钼、铜金属矿物存在形式及其对选矿利用的影响进行了分析,为最终实现该类型矿石的高效合理利用提供基础依据。选矿实验采用"浮选-磁选-重选"联合工艺流程,获得钼精矿品位52.34%,钼回收率71.32%;铜精矿品位22.68%,铜回收率71.91%;钨精矿品位36.13%,钨回收率57.27%,从而实现了该矿中钼、铜、钨等有用元素的综合回收,验证了工艺矿物学研究结果的正确性。     

吉林省珲春市杨金沟白钨矿床地质特征及成因机制探讨

杨金沟白钨矿床产于下古生界五道沟群地层中的石英脉及附近的蚀变岩中。矿化类型为石英脉—蚀变岩型,矿体受断裂带及北北西—北北东向层间构造控制,矿床成因为层控与岩浆热液复合型。     

岩屑测量方法在干旱荒漠区的找矿效果——以贺兰山北段嘎拉斯台白钨矿的发现为例

贺兰山北段地区构造活运强裂,中酸性侵入岩发育,化探异常普遍存在,找矿标志信息丰富,是金、钨等矿产的富集区.该区属干旱低山丘陵荒漠地球化学景观区,前人在该区完成的1∶20万水系沉积物测量工作受采样介质、样品粒级、测试设备、分析方法等条件限制,获得的有用找矿信息不强.本次化探工作采用不规则网1∶5万岩屑测量、-4~ +20目采样粒级及采样层位为C层的工作技术方法,共圈定30个综合异常,呈NE向带状分布.通过异常查证,新发现各类矿点、矿化点14处,圈定出3个找矿远景区,优选出9个找矿靶区,取得了较好的找矿成果.此外,本次工作首次在太古宇贺兰山岩群第二岩组硅化浅粒岩中发现了层控型白钨矿,其形成环境与国内已知的白钨矿矿床的形成环境完全不同,矿体产于太古宙中深变质岩系中,呈层状、似层状.此类矿床鲜有报道,因此,该钨矿的发现,对在前寒武纪中深变质岩中寻找层控型白钨矿具深远意义,也为该区在白钨矿找矿上提供了参考.     

湘中成矿带杏枫山Au-W矿床白钨矿特征及地质意义

杏枫山Au-W矿床位于湘中Au-Sb-W成矿带西部,以发育矽卡岩型钨矿化和席状石英脉型金矿化两套成矿系统为典型特征,明显有别于区域其它Au-W矿床,为进一步研究区域金、钨成矿机制提供了理想对象。文章根据野外穿切关系、矿物共生组合以及结构特征,将杏枫山白钨矿按次序划分为早期矽卡岩型钨矿化中具振荡环带的Sch-1、内部结构均一的Sch-2、多孔状的Sch-3和晚期席状石英脉型金矿化中结构均一的Sch-4。Sch-1和Sch-2的Mo含量和Eu异常(δEu)分别呈现逐渐降低(47.5×10^-6→0.044×10^-6)和升高(1.74→3.18)的趋势,暗示其成矿热液氧逸度的逐步降低,这可能与其富Sr特征(251×10^-6～4916×10^-6)和与矽卡岩矿物共生所指示的强烈水岩反应相关。同时,Sch-1至Sch-3整体上与白马山印支期岩体具有相似的Y/Ho比值,结合前人的年代学研究指示其成矿热液可能来自白马山印支期岩体。Sch-4的低Mo含量(0.014×10^-6～0.068×10     

Combined garnet,scheelite and apatite U–Pb dating of mineralizing events in the Qiaomaishan Cu–W skarn deposit,eastern China

Determining the precise timing of mineralization and mineralizing events is crucial to understanding regional mineralizing and other geological events and processes. However, there are a number of mineralogical and analytical limitations to the approaches developed for the absolute dating of mineralizing systems, such as molybdenite Re–Os and zircon and garnet U–Pb, among others. This means that the precise and accurate dating of mineralizing systems that may not contain minerals suitable for dating using existing approaches requires the development of new (and ideally in situ) approaches to absolute dating. This study outlines a new in situ analytical approach that has the potential to rapidly and accurately evaluate the timing of ore formation. Our study employs a novel application of in situ scheelite U–Pb dating analysis using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) and samples from the Qiaomaishan deposit, a representative example of skarn mineralization within the Xuancheng ore district of eastern China. Our approach to scheelite dating of the deposit is verified by cross-comparison to dating of cogenetic garnet and apatite, proving the effectiveness of this approach. Our new approach to dating of scheelite-bearing geological systems is rapid, cheap, requires little sample preparation, and is undertaken in situ, allowing crucial geological and mineralogical context to be retained during analysis. The approaches outlined here not only allow the determination of the absolute timing of formation of the Qiaomaishan deposit through the U–Pb dating of scheelite [138.6 ± 3.2 Ma, N = 39, mean square weighted deviation (MSWD) = 1.17], garnet (138.4 ± 1.0 Ma, N = 40, MSWD = 1.3), and apatite (139.6 ± 3.3 Ma, N = 35, MSWD = 0.72), but also further supports the theoretical genetic links between this mineralization and the emplacement of a proximal porphyritic granodiorite intrusion (zircon U–Pb age: 139.5 ± 1.2 Ma, N = 23, MSWD = 0.3). Moreover, our research indicates that the higher the concentrations of U within scheelite, the more suitable that scheelite is for U–Pb dating, with the main factor controlling the U content of scheelite seemingly being variations in oxygen fugacity conditions. This novel approach provides a potentially powerful tool, not just for the dating of skarn systems but also with potential applications in orogenic and intrusion-related gold, porphyry W–Mo, and greisen mineralizing systems as well as other scheelite-bearing geological bodies or geological systems.     

A Study on the Mineralization of the Woxi Au–Sb–W Deposit,Western Hunan,China

The Woxi Au–Sb–W deposit in the western Hunan Province, China, is of hydrothermal vein type characterized by a rare mineral assemblage of stibnite, scheelite and native gold, of which gold fineness ranges from 998.6 to 1000. The mineralization sequence observed in the deposit is, from early to late, coarse‐grained pyrite – scheelite – stibnite – Pb–Sb–S minerals – sphalerite (+ cubanite) – fine‐grained pyrite. Native gold may have precipitated with scheelte. Microthermometric and LA–ICP–MS analyses of fluid inclusions in scheelite, quartz associated with scheelite and stibnite and barren quartz clarified that there may be at least three types of hydrothermal fluids during the vein formation in the Woxi deposit. Scheelite and native gold precipitated from the fluid of high temperature and salinity with high concentrations of metal elements, followed by stibnite precipitation. The later fluid of the highest temperature and salinity with low concentrations of the elements yielded the sphalerite mineralization. The latest fluid of low temperature and salinity with low concentrations of the elements is observed mainly in barren quartz. The remarkably high Au/Ag concentration ratios determined in the fluid inclusions in scheelite might be the reason for the extremely high gold fineness of native gold.